In general, fruits and vegetables such as tomatoes and dates are harvested before they fully ripen. After harvesting, they continue to ripen and their color changes. Color is a good indicator of fruit maturity. For ex...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819499424
In general, fruits and vegetables such as tomatoes and dates are harvested before they fully ripen. After harvesting, they continue to ripen and their color changes. Color is a good indicator of fruit maturity. For example, tomatoes change color from dark green to light green and then pink, light red, and dark red. Assessing tomato maturity helps maximize its shelf life. Color is used to determine the length of time the tomatoes can be transported. Medjool dates change color from green to yellow, and the orange, light red and dark red. Assessing date maturity helps determine the length of drying process to help ripen the dates. Color evaluation is an important step in the processing and inventory control of fruits and vegetables that directly affects profitability. This paper presents an efficient color back projection and image processing technique that is designed specifically for real-time maturity evaluation of fruits. This color processing method requires very simple training procedure to obtain the frequencies of colors that appear in each maturity stage. This color statistics is used to back project colors to predefined color indexes. Fruit maturity is then evaluated by analyzing the reprojected color indexes. This method has been implemented and used for commercial production.
This paper aims to address a trace- guided real-time navigation and map building approach of an autonomous mobile robot. Wave-front based global path planner is developed to generate a global trajectory for an autonom...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819499424
This paper aims to address a trace- guided real-time navigation and map building approach of an autonomous mobile robot. Wave-front based global path planner is developed to generate a global trajectory for an autonomous mobile robot. Modified Vector Field Histogram (M-VFH) is employed based on the LIDAR sensor information to guide the robot locally to be autonomously traversed with obstacle avoidance by following traces provided by the global path planner. A local map composed of square grids is created through the local navigator while the robot traverses with limited LIDAR sensory information. From the measured sensory information, a map of the robot's immediate limited surroundings is dynamically built for the robot navigation. The real-time wave-front based navigation and map building methodology has been successfully demonstrated in a Player/Stage simulation environment. With the wave-front-based global path planner and M-VFH local navigator, a safe, short, and reasonable trajectory is successfully planned in a majority of situations without any templates, without explicitly optimizing any global cost functions, and without any learning procedures. Its effectiveness, feasibility, efficiency and simplicity of the proposed real-time navigation and map building of an autonomous mobile robot have been successfully validated by simulation and comparison studies. Comparison studies of the proposed approach with the other path planning approaches demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of planning more reasonable and shorter collision-free trajectories autonomously.
Quality evaluation of agricultural and food products is important for processing, inventory control, and marketing. Fruit size and surface quality are two important quality factors for high-quality fruit such as Medjo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819499424
Quality evaluation of agricultural and food products is important for processing, inventory control, and marketing. Fruit size and surface quality are two important quality factors for high-quality fruit such as Medjool dates. Fruit size is usually measured by length that can be done easily by simple image processing techniques. Surface quality evaluation on the other hand requires more complicated design, both in image acquisition and image processing. Skin delamination is considered a major factor that affects fruit quality and its value. This paper presents an efficient histogram analysis and image processing technique that is designed specifically for real-time surface quality evaluation of Medjool dates. This approach, based on short-wave infrared imaging, provides excellent image contrast between the fruit surface and delaminated skin, which allows significant simplification of image processing algorithm and reduction of computational power requirements. The proposed quality grading method requires very simple training procedure to obtain a gray scale image histogram for each quality level. Using histogram comparison, each date is assigned to one of the four quality levels and an optimal threshold is calculated for segmenting skin delamination areas from the fruit surface. The percentage of the fruit surface that has skin delamination can then be calculated for quality evaluation. This method has been implemented and used for commercial production and proven to be efficient and accurate.
The proceedings contain 25 papers. The topics discussed include: control issues and recent solutions for voltage controlled piezoelectric elements utilizing artificial neural networks;the 20th annual intelligent groun...
ISBN:
(纸本)9780819494351
The proceedings contain 25 papers. The topics discussed include: control issues and recent solutions for voltage controlled piezoelectric elements utilizing artificial neural networks;the 20th annual intelligent ground vehicle competition: building a generation of robotists;panoramic stereo sphere vision;loop closure detection using local Zernike moment patterns;stabilization and control of quad-rotor helicopter using a smartphone device;optimizing feature selection strategy for adaptive object identification in noisy environment;remotely controlling of mobile robots using gesture captured by the kinect and recognized by machine learning method;natural image understanding using algorithm selection and high-level feedback;natural image understanding using algorithm selection and high-level feedback;finger tracking for hand-held device interface using profile-matching stereo vision;and a restrained-torque-based motion instructor: forearm flexion/extension-driving exoskeleton.
In this study, we designed an autonomous mobile robot according to the rules of the Federation of International Robot-soccer Association (FIRA) RoboSot category, integrating the techniques of computervision, real-tim...
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In this study, we designed an autonomous mobile robot according to the rules of the Federation of International Robot-soccer Association (FIRA) RoboSot category, integrating the techniques of computervision, real-time image processing, dynamic target tracking, wireless communication, self-localization, motion control, path planning, and control strategy to achieve the contest goal. The real time self-localization scheme of the mobile robot is based on the algorithms extracting white lines from the soccer field featured in the images from the omni-vision system. The proposed algorithm uses the white line distances from 360 degree direction between the robot and the rotation angle of the robot obtained from the gyroscope as a featured vector. The feature vector is compared with the pre-built in patterns of the database. The location of the robot is obtained from the location of the matched pattern with the minimum error of the featured vector. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is accurate, exhibiting a 10 cm (distance) and 1 degree (rotation) position error in a soccer field measuring 750 cm × 550 cm within processing time about 5 milliseconds. The real time self-localization system can be practically implemented in 2014 FIRA Robot Soccer Competition to fulfill the contest requirement.
The regularity of everyday tasks enables us to reuse existing solutions for task variations. For instance, most door-handles require the same basic skill (reach, grasp, turn, pull), but small adaptations of the basic ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479969357
The regularity of everyday tasks enables us to reuse existing solutions for task variations. For instance, most door-handles require the same basic skill (reach, grasp, turn, pull), but small adaptations of the basic skill are required to adapt to the variations that exist (e.g. levers vs. knobs). We introduce the algorithm "Simultaneous On-line Discovery and Improvement of Robotic Skills" (SODIRS) that is able to autonomously discover and optimize skill options for such task variations. We formalize the problem in a reinforcement learning context, and use the PI~(BB) algorithm [2] to continually optimize skills with respect to a cost function. SODIRS discovers new subskills, or "skill options", by clustering the costs of trials, and determining whether perceptual features are able to predict which cluster a trial will belong to. This enables SODIRS to build a decision tree, in which the leaves contain skill options for task variations. We demonstrate SODIRS' performance in simulation, as well as on a Meka humanoid robot performing the ball-in-cup task.
In this paper, we identify some of the existing problems in shape context matching. We first identify the need for reflection invariance in shape context matching algorithms and propose a method to achieve the same. W...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819494351
In this paper, we identify some of the existing problems in shape context matching. We first identify the need for reflection invariance in shape context matching algorithms and propose a method to achieve the same. With the use of these reflection invariance techniques, we bring all the objects, in a database, to their canonical form, which halves the time required to match two shapes using their contexts. We then show how we can build better shape descriptors by the use of geodesic information from the shapes and hence improve upon the well-known Inner Distance Shape Context (IDSC). The IDSC is used by many pre- and post-processing algorithms as the baseline shape-matching algorithm. Our improvements to IDSC will remain compatible for use with those algorithms. Finally, we introduce new comparison metrics that can be used for the comparison of two or more algorithms. We have tested our proposals on the MPEG-7 database and show that our methods significantly outperform the IDSC.
The intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) is one of four, unmanned systems, student competitions that were founded by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI). The IGVC is a multidisc...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819494351
The intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) is one of four, unmanned systems, student competitions that were founded by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI). The IGVC is a multidisciplinary exercise in product realization that challenges college engineering student teams to integrate advanced control theory, machine vision, vehicular electronics and mobile platform fundamentals to design and build an unmanned system. Teams from around the world focus on developing a suite of dual-use technologies to equip ground vehicles of the future with intelligent driving capabilities. Over the past 20 years, the competition has challenged undergraduate, graduate and Ph.D. students with real world applications in intelligent transportation systems, the military and manufacturing automation. To date, teams from over 80 universities and colleges have participated. This paper describes some of the applications of the technologies required by this competition and discusses the educational benefits. The primary goal of the IGVC is to advance engineering education in intelligent vehicles and related technologies. The employment and professional networking opportunities created for students and industrial sponsors through a series of technical events over the four-day competition are highlighted. Finally, an assessment of the competition based on participation is presented.
This paper introduces a novel image description technique that aims at appearance based loop closure detection for mobile robotics applications. This technique relies on the local evaluation of the Zernike Moments. Bi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819494351
This paper introduces a novel image description technique that aims at appearance based loop closure detection for mobile robotics applications. This technique relies on the local evaluation of the Zernike Moments. Binary patterns, which are referred to as Local Zernike Moment (LZM) patterns, are extracted from images, and these binary patterns are coded using histograms. Each image is represented with a set of histograms, and loop closure is achieved by simply comparing the most recent image with the images in the past trajectory. The technique has been tested on the New College dataset, and as far as we know, it outperforms the other methods in terms of computation efficiency and loop closure precision.
This paper presents the Mobile Intelligence Team's approach to addressing the CANINE outdoor ground robot competition. The competition required developing a robot that provided retrieving capabilities similar to a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819494351
This paper presents the Mobile Intelligence Team's approach to addressing the CANINE outdoor ground robot competition. The competition required developing a robot that provided retrieving capabilities similar to a dog, while operating fully autonomously in unstructured environments. The vision team consisted of Mobile Intelligence, the Georgia Institute of Technology, and Wayne State University. Important computervision aspects of the project were the ability to quickly learn the distinguishing characteristics of novel objects, searching images for the object as the robot drove a search pattern, identifying people near the robot for safe operations, correctly identify the object among distractors, and localizing the object for retrieval. The classifier used to identify the objects will be discussed, including an analysis of its performance, and an overview of the entire system architecture presented. A discussion of the robot's performance in the competition will demonstrate the system's successes in real-world testing.
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