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检索条件"任意字段=Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision X: Neural, Biological, and 3-D Methods 1991"

共 118 条记录，以下是11-20 订阅

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Insect vision as model for machine vision

Insect vision as model for machine vision

引用

intelligent robots and computer vision xI: biological, neural Net, and 3-d methods

作者： Osorio, d. Sobey, Peter J. Australian Natl. Univ. Canberra ACT Australia

ISBN: (纸本)0819410276

The neural architecture, neurophysiology and behavioral abilities of insect vision are described, and compared with that of mammals. Insects have a hardwired neural architecture of highly differentiated neurons, quite different from the cerebral cortex, yet their behavioral abilities are in important respects similar to those of mammals. These observations challenge the view that the key to the power of biological neural computation is distributed processing by a plastic, highly interconnected, network of individually undifferentiated and unreliable neurons that has been a dominant picture of biological computation since Pitts and McCulloch's seminal work in the 1940's.

关键词： vision

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LONG SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS OF HUMAN MOTION USING EIGENVECTOR dECOMPOSITION 12

LONG SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS OF HUMAN MOTION USING EIGENVECTOR DEC...

引用

12TH CONF ON intelligent robots ANd computer vision : ACTIVE vision ANd 3d methods

作者： MURPHY, N BYRNE, N OLEARY, K Dublin City Univ. (Ireland)

ISBN: (纸本)0819413216

The work described in this paper takes place in the context of an attempt to develop a clearer understanding of what is meant by task oriented visual processing. The traditional separation of task and sensory processing within computer vision is something which has lead to an overemphasis on representation, modularity, and the single functionality of artificial vision systems. These issues are briefly discussed here in the context that the Karhunen Loeve Transform (KLT) is an algorithmic approach which allows us to begin to move away from a preconceived view of what vision is, how it works, and what it does. We summarize the mathematical background and basic operation of the KL coding procedure. We examine the application of the eigenvector decomposition to the analysis of human motion over several posture cycles of a walking sequence. The approach is used to examine the potential for recognition through motion, for posture description and for natural motion reconstruction processes. Various classification and analysis techniques, including artificial neural networks, the Fourier transform, and heuristic operations are used to extract the information available about the different cues investigated.

关键词： Machine vision computer vision technology Visualization Motion analysis Image processing Information visualization Robot vision robots Video Statistical analysis

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Visual-tracking-based robot vision system

Visual-tracking-based robot vision system

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intelligent robots and computer vision xI: biological, neural Net, and 3-d methods

作者： deng, Keqiang Wilson, Joseph N. Ritter, Gerhard x. Univ of Florida Gainesville United States

ISBN: (纸本)0819410276

There are two kinds of depth perception for robot vision systems: quantitative and qualitative. The first one can be used to reconstruct the visible surfaces numerically while the second to describe the visible surfaces qualitatively. In this paper, we present a qualitative vision system suitable for intelligent robots. The goal of such a system is to perceive depth information qualitatively using monocular 2-d images. We first establish a set of propositions relating depth information, such as 3-d orientation and distance, to the changes of image region caused by camera motion. We then introduce an approximation-based visual tracking system. Given an object, the tracking system tracks its image while moving the camera in a way dependent upon the particular depth property to be perceived. Checking the data generated by the tracking system with our propositions provides us the depth information about the object. The visual tracking system can track image regions in real-time even as implemented on a PC AT clone machine, and mobile robots can naturally provide the inputs to our visual tracking system, therefore, we are able to construct a real-time, cost effective, monocular, qualitative and 3-dimensional robot vision system. To verify our idea, we present examples of perception of planar surface orientation, distance, size, dimensionality and convexity/concavity.

关键词： computer vision

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Adaptive control of nonlinear systems using multistage dynamic neural networks

Adaptive control of nonlinear systems using multistage dynam...

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intelligent robots and computer vision xI: biological, neural Net, and 3-d methods

作者： Gupta, Madan M. Rao, d.H. Univ. of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819410276

In this paper we present a new architecture of neuron, called the dynamic neural unit (dNU). The topology of the proposed neuronal model embodies delay elements, feedforward and feedback signals weighted by the synaptic weights and a time-varying nonlinear activation function, and is thus different from the conventionally and assumed architecture of neurons. The learning algorithm for the proposed neuronal structure and the corresponding implementation scheme are presented. A multi-stage dynamic neural network is developed using the dNU as the basic processing element. The performance evaluation of the dynamic neural network is presented for nonlinear dynamic systems under various situations. The capabilities of the proposed neural network model not only account for the learning and control actions emulating some of the biological control functions, but also provide a promising parallel-distributed intelligent control scheme for large-scale complex dynamic systems.

关键词： Adaptive control systems

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Automatic vision programs from predicted features

Automatic vision programs from predicted features

引用

intelligent robots and computer vision xI: biological, neural Net, and 3-d methods

作者： Mulgaonkar, Prasanna G. Chen, Chien-Huei Modayur, Bharath SRI Int. Menlo Park CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819410276

Techniques are presented for automatically generating optimal vision programs from high- level task descriptions. vision programs are the object models that describe strategies to recognize and locate objects in an image. The effectiveness of the program depends on the features used for recognition and the order in which the features are evaluated. We describe three probabilistic feature utility measures and a cost function based on program execution time that serve as the basis of our technique. Computation of such utility measures from a statistically representative sample of images has been demonstrated. Problems encountered in computing such measures from computer-generated images are described.

关键词： computer vision

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Stereo vision using Gabor receptive fields

Stereo vision using Gabor receptive fields

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intelligent robots and computer vision xI: biological, neural Net, and 3-d methods

作者： Gennert, Michael A. Malin, Jonathan A. Worcester Polytechnic Inst. Worcester MA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819410276

This paper presents the extraction of depth data from stereo image pairs using a nontraditional stereo algorithm taken from computational neuroscience. The technique is based on the workings of the mammalian visual system, using the Gabor representation of an image to mimic the filtering properties of simple and complex cells in the visual cortex. Gabor- transformed images afford an alternate stereo correlation method that, though computationally intensive, is well-suited for solution in parallel. This implementation computes the Gabor transform of input images by sampling at four distinct frequencies and computing correlation at each frequency. We consider four methods of combining the resulting four correlation measures and present results of testing the algorithm on random dot and real image stereograms.

关键词： computer vision

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Multiresolution stroke sketch adaptive representation and neural network processing system for gray-level image recognition

Multiresolution stroke sketch adaptive representation and ne...

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intelligent robots and computer vision xI: biological, neural Net, and 3-d methods

作者： Meystel, Alexander Rybak, Ilya A. Bhasin, Sanjay Meystel, M. Drexel Univ. Philadelphia PA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819410276

This paper describes a method for multiresolutional representation of gray-level images as hierarchial sets of strokes characterizing forms of objects with different degrees of generalization depending on the context of the image. This method transforms the original image into a hierarchical graph which allows for efficient coding in order to store, retrieve, and recognize the image. The method which is described is based upon finding the resolution levels for each image which minimizes the computations required. This becomes possible because of the use of a special image representation technique called Multiresolutional Attentional Representation for Recognition, based upon a feature which the authors call a stroke. This feature turns out to be efficient in the process of finding the appropriate system of resolutions and construction of the relational graph. Multiresolutional Attentional Representation for Recognition (MARR) is formed by a multi-layer neural network with recurrent inhibitory connections between neurons, the receptive fields of which are selectively tuned to detect the orientation of local contrasts in parts of the image with appropriate degree of generalization. This method simulates the 'coarse-to-fine' algorithm which an artist usually uses, making at attentional sketch of real images. The method, algorithms, and neural network architecture in this system can be used in many machine-vision systems with AI properties;in particular, robotic vision. We expect that systems with MARR can become a component of intelligent control systems for autonomous robots. Their architectures are mostly multiresolutional and match well with the multiple resolutions of the MARR structure.

关键词： computer vision

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Application of a single-instruction computer to dilation and erosion of gray-valued images

Application of a single-instruction computer to dilation and...

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intelligent robots and computer vision xI: biological, neural Net, and 3-d methods

作者： Laplante, Phillip A. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ. West Milford NJ USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819410276

In this paper, the single instruction architecture is used to construct circuitry to perform dilation and erosion of gray valued images, where the gray values are discrete but limited only by the number of bits chosen for the binary encoding. In addition, methods for minimizing the number of cells needed, using basic digital techniques, are discussed. While others have constructed architectures for gray valued dilation and erosion, these are based on non- homogeneous circuits, and typically use Umbra transformations to handle the gray values, rather than binary encoding. Finally, it is shown that the half-adder elements used in the single instruction architecture can easily be replaced with uniform multiplexer cells in deference to the McCulloch-Pitts model of the neuron. This analogy between the single instruction architecture and the neuronal construction of the brain is intentional.

关键词： computer vision

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Spatiotemporal signal processing using a discrete 3-d multiresolution wavelet analysis

Spatiotemporal signal processing using a discrete 3-D multir...

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intelligent robots and computer vision xI: biological, neural Net, and 3-d methods

作者： Burns, Thomas J. Rogers, Steven K. Oxley, Mark E. Ruck, dennis W. Air Force Inst. of Technology London OH USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819410276

This paper presents a 3d multiresolution wavelet analysis that provides a tool for analyzing spatial details (e.g., horizontal and vertical edges) of moving objects contained in a sequence of images. Current multiresolution wavelet analysis theory is modified to create an orthonormal wavelet basis for L2(R3) by forming the tensor product of three non- identical multiresolution wavelet analyses on L2(R). An unconventional multiresolution decomposition and reconstruction algorithm is presented which provides a new tool for analyzing moving objects in a scene. Preliminary results demonstrate the new analysis technique's potential for segmenting key characteristics of an object moving against stationary or moving backgrounds.

关键词： computer vision

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Stereo vision technique using neighborhood support criterion

Stereo vision technique using neighborhood support criterion

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intelligent robots and computer vision xI: biological, neural Net, and 3-d methods

作者： You, Suya Liu, Jian Wan, Faguan Huazhong Univ. of Science and Technology Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)0819410276

Passively sensing three-dimensional structure by means of computational stereo has received a great deal of attention in the computer vision community as well as in the traditional photogrammetric and remote sensing communities. The first and most difficult step in recovering 3-d information from a pair of stereo images is that of matching points from one image of the pair to the corresponding points in the second image. In this paper we develop an edge-based, fast and effective stereo matching technique characterized by two matching stages: initial matching and consistency check. Several constraints (Epipolar, Uniqueness, disparity continuity, Stochastic constraint and disparity range constraint) are used to reduce the combinatorial search and the ambiguity of the false targets. With this approach, we can obtain the global optimum matches. The algorithm has been experimentally evaluated using a set of real images. The implementation and results have shown the efficacy of the proposed stereo matching technique.

关键词： computer vision

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