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检索条件"任意字段=Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XXV: Algorithms, Techniques, and Active Vision"

共 723 条记录，以下是201-210 订阅

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A comparison of two and three dimensional imaging

A comparison of two and three dimensional imaging

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXIV - algorithms, techniques, and active vision

作者： Hall, Ernest Rosselot, Donald Aull, Mark Balapa, Manohar Univ Cincinnati Ctr Robot Res Cincinnati OH 45221 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819464821

Three dimensional visual recognition and measurement are important in many machine vision applications. In some cases, a stationary camera base is used and a three-dimensional model will permit the measurement of depth information from a scene. One important special case is stereo vision for human visualization or measurements. In cases in which the camera base is also in motion, a seven dimensional model may be used. Such is the case for navigation of an autonomous mobile robot. The purpose of this paper is to provide a computational view and introduction of three methods to three-dimensional vision. Models are presented for each situation and example computations and images are presented. The significance of this work is that it shows that various methods based on three-dimensional vision may be used for solving two and three dimensional vision problems. We hope this work will be slightly iconoclastic but also inspirational by encouraging further research in optical engineering.

关键词： three dimensional vision stereo imaging human visualization perspective projective model

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Emerging directions in human-robotic space exploration technologies - remote operation of complex systems - art. no. 638402

Emerging directions in human-robotic space exploration techn...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXIV - algorithms, techniques, and active vision

作者： Schenker, Paul S. CALTECH Jet Prop Lab Pasadena CA 91109 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819464821

Through the vision for Space Exploration-hence vision-announced by George W. Bush in February 2004, NASA has been chartered to conduct progressively staged human-robotic (H/R) exploration of the Solar System. This exploration includes autonomous robotic precursors that will pave the way for a later durable H/R presence first at the Moon, then Mars and beyond. We discuss operations architectures and integrafive technologies that are expected to enable these new classes of space rnissions, with an emphasis on open design issues and R&D challenges.

关键词： space robotics telerobotics mobile robots human-robot interfaces mission operations lunar exploration

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intelligent robot control using an adaptive critic with a task control center and dynamic database

Intelligent robot control using an adaptive critic with a ta...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXIV - algorithms, techniques, and active vision

作者： Hall, E. L. Ghaffari, M. Liao, X. Ali, S. M. Alhaj Univ Cincinnati Ctr Robot Res Cincinnati OH 45221 USA Hashemite Univ Zarqa Jordan

ISBN: (纸本)0819464821

The purpose of this paper is to describe the design, development and simulation of a real time controller for an intelligent, vision guided robot. The use of a creative controller that can select its own tasks is demonstrated. This creative controller uses a task control center and dynamic database. The dynamic database stores both global environmental information and local information including the kinematic and dynamic models of the intelligent robot. The kinematic model is very useful for position control and simulations. However, models of the dynamics of the manipulators are needed for tracking control of the robot's motions. Such models are also necessary for sizing the actuators, tuning the controller, and achieving superior performance. Simulations of various control designs are shown. Also, much of the model has also been used for the actual prototype Bearcat Cub mobile robot. This vision guided robot was designed for the intelligent Ground Vehicle Contest. A novel feature of the proposed approach is that the method is applicable to both robot arm manipulators and robot bases such as wheeled mobile robots. This generality should encourage the development of more mobile robots with manipulator capability since both models can be easily stored in the dynamic database. The multi task controller also permits wide applications. The use of manipulators and mobile bases with a high-level control are potentially useful for space exploration, certain rescue robots, defense robots, and medical robotics aids.

关键词： intelligent robots adaptive control creative control reinforcement learning adaptive critic

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Biomimetic sensory abstraction using hierarchical quilted self-organizing maps

Biomimetic sensory abstraction using hierarchical quilted se...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXIV - algorithms, techniques, and active vision

作者： Miller, Jeffrey W. Lommel, Peter H. Draper Lab 555 Technol Sq Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819464821

We present an approach for abstracting invariant classifications of spatiotemporal patterns presented in a high-dimensionality input stream, and apply an early proof-of-concept to shift and scale invariant shape recognition. A model called Hierarchical Quilted Self-Organizing Map (HQSOM) is developed, using recurrent self-organizing maps (RSOM) arranged in a pyramidal hierarchy, attempting to mimic the parallel/hierarchical pattern of isocortical processing in the brain. The results of experiments are presented in which the algorithm learns to classify multiple shapes, invariant to shift and scale transformations, in a very small (7 x 7 pixel) field of view.

关键词： Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) unsupervised learning pattern recognition cognitive learning image interpretation robot vision computational neuroscience biomimetic

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A new algorithm for fruit shape classification based on level set

A new algorithm for fruit shape classification based on leve...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXIV - algorithms, techniques, and active vision

作者： Gui, Jiangsheng Ying, Yibin Rao, Xiuqin Zhejiang Univ Dept Biosyst Engn & Food Sci 268 Kaixuan St Hangzhou 310029 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819464821

In this research, a new algorithm for fruit shape classification was proposed. The level set representations according to signed distance transforms were used, which are a simple, robust, rich and efficient way to represent shapes. Based on these representations, the rigid transform was adopted to align shapes within the same class, and the simplest possible criterion, the sum of square differences was considered. After align procedure, the average shape representations can easily be derived and shape classification was performed by the nearest neighbor method. Promising results were obtained on experiments showing the efficiency and accurate of our algorithm.

关键词： machine vision shape classification fruit sorting level set

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The 14^TH Annual intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition:: intelligent teams creating intelligent ground robots

The 14<SUP>TH</SUP> Annual Intelligent Ground Vehicle Compet...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXIV - algorithms, techniques, and active vision

作者： Theisen, Bernard L. Nguyen, Dmitri US Army Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr 6501 E Eleven Mile Rd Warren MI 48397 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819464821

The intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) is one of three, unmanned systems, student competitions that were founded by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) in the 1990s. The IGVC is a multidisciplinary exercise in product realization that challenges college engineering student teams to integrate advanced control theory, machine vision, vehicular electronics, and mobile platform fundamentals to design and build an unmanned system. Teams from around the world focus on developing a suite of dual-use technologies to equip ground vehicles of the future with intelligent driving capabilities. Over the past 14 years, the competition has challenged undergraduate, graduate and Ph.D. students with real world applications in intelligent transportation systems, the military and manufacturing automation. To date, teams from over 50 universities and colleges have participated. This paper describes some of the applications of the technologies required by this competition and discusses the educational benefits. The primary goal of the IGVC is to advance engineering education in intelligent vehicles and related technologies. The employment and professional networking opportunities created for students and industrial sponsors through a series of technical events over the three-day competition are highlighted. Finally, an assessment of the competition based on participant feedback is presented.

关键词： intelligent roboss autonomous systems ground vehicles engineering education IGVC

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A 2D CMAC neural net algorithm for a positioning system of automated agriculture vehicle

A 2D CMAC neural net algorithm for a positioning system of a...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXIV - algorithms, techniques, and active vision

作者： Zhang, Fangming Ying, Yibin Zhejiang Univ Coll Biosyst Engn & Food Sci 268 Kaixuan Rd Hangzhou 310029 Zhejiang Peoples R China Kansas State Univ Dept Agr & Biol Engn Manhattan KS 66502 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819464821

In a machine vision-based guidance system, a camera must be corrected precisely to calculate the position of vehicle, however, it is not easy to obtain the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the camera, while neural nets have the advantage to set up a mapping relationship for a nonlinear system. We intended to use the CMAC neural net to construct two map relationships: image coordinates and offsets of the vehicle, and image coordinates and the heading angle of the vehicle. The net inputs were the coordinates of top and bottom points in the detected guidance line in the image coordinate system. The outputs were offsets and heading angles. The verified results show that the RMS of inferred offset is 10.5 mm, and the STD is 11.3 mm;the RMS of inferred heading is 1.1 degrees, and the STD is 0.99 degrees.

关键词： CMAC neural net machine vision positioning system guidance

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Obstacle avoidance using predictive vision based on a dynamic 3D world model

Obstacle avoidance using predictive vision based on a dynami...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXIV - algorithms, techniques, and active vision

作者： Benjamin, D. Paul Lyons, Damian Achtemichuk, Tom Pace Univ Dept Comp Sci 1 Pace Pl New York NY 10038 USA Fordham Univ Dept Comp & Informat Sci Bronx NY 10458 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819464821

We have designed and implemented a fast predictive vision system for a mobile robot based on the principles of active vision. This vision system is part of a larger project to design a comprehensive cognitive architecture for mobile robotics. The vision system represents the robot's environment with a dynamic 3D world model based on a 3D gaming platform (Ogre3D). This world model contains a virtual copy of the robot and its environment, and outputs graphics showing what the virtual robot "sees" in the virtual world;this is what the real robot expects to see in the real world. The vision system compares this output in real time with the visual data. Any large discrepancies are flagged and sent to the robot's cognitive system, which constructs a plan for focusing on the discrepancies and resolving them, e.g. by updating the position of an object or by recognizing a new object. An object is recognized only once;thereafter its observed data are monitored for consistency with the predictions, greatly reducing the cost of scene understanding. We describe the implementation of this vision system and how the robot uses it to locate and avoid obstacles.

关键词： mobile robotics active vision cognitive architecture predictive vision

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A simple, inexpensive, and effective implementation of a vision-guided autonomous robot

A simple, inexpensive, and effective implementation of a vis...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXIV - algorithms, techniques, and active vision

作者： Tippetts, Beau Lillywhite, Kirt Fowers, Spencer Dennis, Aaron Lee, Dah-Jye Archibald, James Brigham Young Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Robot Vis Lab Provo UT 84602 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819464821

This paper discusses a simple, inexpensive, and effective implementation of a vision-guided autonomous robot. This implementation is a second year entrance for Brigham Young University students to the intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition. The objective of the robot was to navigate a course constructed of white boundary lines and orange obstacles for the autonomous competition. A used electric wheelchair was used as the robot base. The wheelchair was purchased from a local thrift store for $28. The base was modified to include Kegresse tracks using a friction drum system. This modification allowed the robot to perform better on a variety of terrains, resolving issues with last year's design. In order to control the wheelchair and retain the robust motor controls already on the wheelchair the wheelchair joystick was simply removed and replaced with a printed circuit board that emulated joystick operation and was capable of receiving commands through a serial port connection. Three different algorithms were implemented and compared: a purely reactive approach, a potential fields approach, and a machine learning approach. Each of the algorithms used color segmentation methods to interpret data from a digital camera in order to identify the features of the course. This paper will be useful to those interested in implementing an inexpensive vision-based autonomous robot.

关键词： IGVC autonomous robot design machine learning potential fields friction drum Kegresse

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A design approach for small vision-based autonomous vehicles

A design approach for small vision-based autonomous vehicles

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXIV - algorithms, techniques, and active vision

作者： Edwards, Barrett B. Fife, Wade S. Archibald, James K. Lee, Dah-Jye Wilde, Doran K. Brigham Young Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn 435 Clyde Bldg Provo UT 84602 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819464821

This paper describes the design of a small autonomous vehicle based on the Helios computing platform, a custom FPGA-based board capable of supporting on-board vision. Target applications for the Helios computing platform are those that require lightweight equipment and low power consumption. To demonstrate the capabilities of FPGAs in real-time control of autonomous vehicles, a 16 inch long R/C monster truck was outfitted with a Helios board. The platform provided by such a small vehicle is ideal for testing and development. The proof of concept application for this autonomous vehicle was a timed race through an environment with obstacles. Given the size restrictions of the vehicle and its operating environment, the only feasible on-board sensor is a small CMOS camera. The single video feed is therefore the only source of information from the surrounding enviromnent. The image is then segmented and processed by custom logic in the FPGA that also controls direction and speed of the vehicle based on visual input.

关键词： autonomous vehicle real-time vision FPGA centered design

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