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检索条件"任意字段=Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XXV: Algorithms, Techniques, and Active Vision"

共 724 条记录，以下是421-430 订阅

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intelligent controller for backing up a tractor-trailer truck using state transition table

Intelligent controller for backing up a tractor-trailer truc...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XVI - algorithms, techniques, active vision, and Materials Handling

作者： Enab, YM Mansoura Univ. (Egypt)

ISBN: (纸本)0819426407

The paper introduces a technique for constructing a look-up table contains information about selected points in the state space of the nonlinear process to be controlled. The new states to which a specific state point transfers when the process is issued different control commands are registered. The controller designed to make use of the table depends on the heuristic assumption that the behavior of the process at a specific state space point is similar to its behavior at a nearby point provided that the process is issued a similar control command at each state. The table design aspects for reducing the storage requirements and minimizing the computational effort for producing control decisions are investigated. The applicability of the controller is tested for the Tractor-Trailer Truck steering problem backing up at a constant speed. The truck backs up in an environment contains obstacles to be avoided. computer simulation of the truck and its controller has demonstrated workability.

关键词： scattered data analysis non linearity representation associative access memory learning control motion control

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active vision and sensor fusion for inspection of metallic surfaces

Active vision and sensor fusion for inspection of metallic s...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XVI - algorithms, techniques, active vision, and Materials Handling

作者： Leon, FP Beyerer, J Univ. Karlsruhe (Germany)

ISBN: (纸本)0819426407

This paper deals with strategies for reliably obtaining the edges and the surface texture of metallic objects. Since illumination is a critical aspect regarding robustness and image quality, it is considered here as an active component of the image acquisition system. The performance of the methods presented is demonstrated -among other examples -with images of needles for blood sugar tests. Such objects show an optimized form consisting of several planar grinded surfaces delimited by sharp edges. To allow a reliable assessment of the quality of each surface, and a measurement of their edges, methods for fusing data obtained with different illumination constellations were developed. Tile fusion strategy is based on the minimization of suitable energy functions. First, an illumination-based segmentation of the object is performed. To obtain the boundaries of each surface, directional light-field illumination is used. By formulating suitable criteria, nearly binary images are selected by variation of the illumination direction. Hereafter, the surface edges are obtained by fusing the contours of the areas obtained before. Following, an optimally illuminated image is acquired for each surface of the object by varying the illumination direction. For this purpose, a criterion describing the quality of the surface texture has to be maximized, Finally, the images of all textured surfaces of the object are fused to an improved result, in which the whole object is contained with high contrast. Although the methods presented were designed for inspection of needles, they also perform robustly in other computer vision tasks where metallic objects have to be inspected.

关键词： surface image acquisition image contrast sensor fusion illumination series active vision

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Fuzzy logic control of an AGV

Fuzzy logic control of an AGV

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XVI - algorithms, techniques, active vision, and Materials Handling

作者： Kelkar, N Samu, T Hall, EL Univ. of Cincinnati (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819426407

Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV's) have many potential applications in manufacturing, medicine, space and defense. The purpose of this paper is to describe exploratory research an the design of a modular autonomous mobile robot controller. The controller incorporates a fuzzy logic approach Ear steering and speed control, a neuro-fuzzy approach for ultrasound sensing (not discussed in this paper) and an overall expert system. The advantages of a modular system are related to portability and transportability, i.e. any vehicle can become autonomous with minimal modifications. A mobile robot test-bed has been constructed using a golf cart base. This cart has full speed control with guidance provided by a vision system and obstacle avoidance using ultrasonic sensors. The speed and steering fuzzy logic controller is supervised by a 486 computer through a multi-axis motion controller. The obstacle avoidance system is based on a micro-controller interfaced with six ultrasonic transducers. This micro-controller independently handles all timing and distance calculations and sends a steering angle correction back to the computer via the serial line. This design yields a portable independent system in which high speed computer communication is not necessary. vision guidance is accomplished with a CCD camera with a zoom lens. The data is collected by a vision tracking device that transmits. the X,Y coordinates of the lane marker to the control computer. Simulation and resting of these systems yielded promising results. This design, in its modularity, creates a portable autonomous fuzzy logic controller applicable to any mobile vehicle with only minor adaptations.

关键词： vision guidance ultrasonic sensing mobile robots intelligent machines three dimensional imaging fuzzy logic

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Remote controlled, vision guided, mobile robot system

Remote controlled, vision guided, mobile robot system

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XVI - algorithms, techniques, active vision, and Materials Handling

作者： Ande, R Samu, T Hall, EL Univ. of Cincinnati (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819426407

Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV's) have many potential applications in manufacturing, medicine, space and defense. The purpose of this paper is to describe exploratory research on the design of the remote controlled emergency stop and vision systems for an autonomous mobile robot. The remote control provides human supervision and emergency stop capabilities for the autonomous vehicle. The vision guidance provides automatic operation. A mobile robot test-bed has been constructed using a golf cart base. The mobile robot (Bearcat) was built for the Association far Unmanned Vehicle Systems (AUVS) 1997 competition. The mobile robot bar;full speed control with guidance provided by a vision system and an obstacle avoidance system using ultrasonic sensors systems. vision guidance is accomplished using two CCD cameras with zoom lenses. The vision data is processed bq a high speed tracking device, communicating with the computer the X, Y coordinates of blobs along the lane markers. The system also has three emergency stop switches and a remote controlled emergency stop switch that can disable the traction motor and set the brake. Testing of these systems has been done in the lab as well as on an outside test track with positive results that show that at five mph the vehicle can follow a line and at the same time avoid obstacles.

关键词： vision guidance remote control mobile robot tracking

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Evaluation of the performance of a colour camera for measuring small colour differences

Evaluation of the performance of a colour camera for measuri...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XVI - algorithms, techniques, active vision, and Materials Handling

作者： Marszalec, EA Martinkauppi, B Pietikainen, M Machine Vision and Media Processing Group Department of Electrical Engineering University of Oulu FIN-90571 Oulu PO Box 444 Finland

ISBN: (纸本)0819426407

Machine vision systems based on a colour camera are increasingly used for colour measurements under industrial conditions. An important problem in the measurement of small colour differences is related to metamerism. But because colour cameras and human vision have slightly different response functions, they produce different sets of ''tristimulus values'' for the same object viewed under the same illumination conditions, and it can happen that metameric pairs for a human are discriminated very well by a colour camera and vice versa. The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the performance of colour camera for measuring small colour differences. The tests were performed for the whole collection of the NCS COLOUR BLOCK' viewed under three different illuminants: Standard illuminant A, Standard Illuminant D-65 and illuminant F11, and for two options of colour camera, g-bit and 12-bit. The results show some limitations with lower bit camera for accurate colorimetric measurements and good performance with the 12-bit camera in discrimination of very similar colours.

关键词： small colour differences metamerism colour camera

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Obstacle avoidance system with sonar sensing and fuzzy logic

Obstacle avoidance system with sonar sensing and fuzzy logic

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XVI - algorithms, techniques, active vision, and Materials Handling

作者： Chiang, WC Kelkar, N Hall, EL Univ. of Cincinnati (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819426407

Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV's) have many potential applications in manufacturing, medicine, space and defense. The purpose of this paper is to describe exploratory research on the design of an obstacle avoidance system using sonar sensors for a modular autonomous mobile robot controller. The advantages of a modular system are related to portability and the fact that any vehicle can become autonomous with minimal modifications. A mobile robot test-bed has been constructed using a golf cart base. The obstacle avoidance system is based on a micro-controller interfaced with multiple ultrasonic transducers. This micro-controller independently handles all timing and distance calculations and sends a distance measurement back to the computer via the serial line. This design yields a portable independent system. Testing of these systems has been done in the lab as well as on an outside test track with positive results that show that at five mph the vehicle can follow a line and at the same time avoid obstacles. This design, in its modularity, creates a portable autonomous obstacle avoidance controller applicable for any mobile vehicle with only minor adaptations.

关键词： sonar sensing fuzzy logic obstacle avoidance and mobile robots

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Integrated robotic vehicle control system for outdoor container handling

Integrated robotic vehicle control system for outdoor contai...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XVI - algorithms, techniques, active vision, and Materials Handling

作者： Viitanen, J Haverinen, J Mattila, P Makela, H vonNumers, T Stanek, Z Roning, J VTT Automation (Finland) Univ. of Oulu (Finland)

ISBN: (纸本)0819426407

We describe an integrated system developed for use onboard a moving work machine. The machine is targeted to such applications as e.g. automatic container handling at loading terminals. The main emphasis is on the various environment perception duties required by autonomous or semi-autonomous operation. These include obstacle detection, container position determination, localization needed for efficient navigation and measurement of docking and grasping locations of containers. Practical experience is reported on the use of several different types of technologies for the tasks. For close distance measurement, such as container row following, ultrasonic measurement was used, with associated control software. For obstacle and docking position detection, 3D active vision techniques were developed with structured lighting, utilizing also motion estimation techniques. Depth from defocus-based methods were developed for passive 3D vision. For localization, fusion of data from several sources was carried out. These included dead-reckoning data from odometry, an inertial unit, and several alternative external localization devices, i.e. real-time kinematic GPS, inductive and. optical transponders. The system was integrated to run on a real-time operating system platform, using a high-level software specification tool that created the hierarchical control structure of the software. Testing of the integrated system included real outdoor task execution on a light tractor.

关键词： robotics robot vision mobile robotics navigation environment perception localization 3D vision

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A fault diagnostic system for a mobile robot

A fault diagnostic system for a mobile robot

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XVI - algorithms, techniques, active vision, and Materials Handling

作者： Nikam, U Hall, E Department of Mechanical Industrial and Nuclear Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0819426407

This paper describes the development of a Robot Fault Diagnosis System (RFDS). Though designed ostensibly for the University of Cincinnati's autonomous, unmanned, mobile robot for a national competition, it has the flexibility to be adapted for industrial applications as well. Using a top-down approach the robot is sub-divided into different functional units, such as the vision guidance system, the ultrasonic obstacle avoidance system, the steering mechanism, the speed control system, the braking system and the power unit. The techniques of Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (PFMEA) are used to analyze faults, their visible symptoms, and probable causes and remedies. The relationships obtained therefrom are mapped in a database framework. This is then coded in a user-friendly interactive Visual Basic((TM)) program that guides the user to the likely cause(s) of failure through a question-answer format. A provision is made to ensure better accuracy of the system by incorporating historical data on failures as it becomes available. The RFDS thus provides a handy trouble-shooting tool that cuts down the time involved in diagnosing failures in the complex robot consisting of mechanical, electric, electronic and optical systems. This has been of great help in diagnosing failures and ensuring maximum performance from the robot during the contest in the face of pressure of the competition and the outdoor conditions.

关键词： intelligent robot fault diagnosis potential failure modes and effects

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New developments in optical grating technology for machine vision and industrial sensors

New developments in optical grating technology for machine v...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XVI - algorithms, techniques, active vision, and Materials Handling

作者： Schaefer, R Schwab, J Lauinger, N CORRSYS GmbH (Germany)

ISBN: (纸本)0819426407

We present a number of applications of optical grating technology for use in machine vision and industrial inspection and measurement applications. The gratings are based on an array of prisms that: are both very easy and very cheap to produce. Currently optical gratings are used in industry in temporal/spatial correlation systems using non-coherent white-light illumination Such systems require either the displacement of the object or the displacement of the grating in order to achieve the time signals required for evaluation. New developments in grating manufacturing techniques and electronic signal processing now enable us to electronically simulate and generate the signals required eliminating the requirement for grating or object motion. We also present a range sensor based on a split pupil methodology upon which we are developing a multiple-channel range sensor. We also highlight some of the work we are presently pursuing in multiple-layer gratings, We are investigating the Talbot and Lau self-imaging effects with hopes of using the results to preprocess images. We have also calculated the effect of multiple Bragg planes recorded into holographic materials, which can be used to produce local image transformations. Also summarized is some of the work based on an inverted retina model of the eye which uses multi-layer gratings placed before the photoreceptors to general trichromatic separation of Light and explain a number of physiological effects of vision.

关键词： optical gratings multi-channel range multi-layer gratings length and velocity measurement

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Transformation of light double cones in the human retina: The origin of trichromatisme, of 4D-spatiotemporal vision and of patchwise 4D Fourier transformation in Talbot imaging

Transformation of light double cones in the human retina: Th...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XVI - algorithms, techniques, active vision, and Materials Handling

作者： Lauinger, N CORRSYS GmbH (Germany)

ISBN: (纸本)0819426407

The interpretation of the ''inverted'' retina of primates as an ''optoretina'' (a light cones transforming diffractive cellular 3D-phase grating) integrates the functional, structural, and oscillatory aspects of a cortical layer. It is therefore relevant to consider prenatal developments as a basis of the macro-and micro-geometry of the inner eye. This geometry becomes relevant for the postnatal trichromatic: synchrony organization (TSO) as well as the adaptive levels of human vision (28 - 33). It will be shown that the functional performances, the trichromatisme in photopic vision, the monocular spatiotemporal 3D- and 4D-motion detection, as well as the Fourier optical image transformation. with extraction of invariances all became possible, To transform light cones into reciprocal gratings especially the spectral phase conditions in the eikonal of the geometrical optical imaging before the retinal 3D-grating become relevant first, then in the von Laue resp. reciprocal van Lane equation for 3D-grating optics inside the grating and finally in the periodicity of Talbot-/Fresnel-planes in the near-field behind the grating. It is becoming possible to technically realize - at least in same specific aspects - such a cortical optoretina sensor element with its typical hexagonal-concentric structure which leads to these visual functions.

关键词： retina human vision trichromatisme spatiotemporal vision Talbot imaging Patterson function Harker synthesis trichromatic synchrony organization

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