Microscopic computervision differs significantly from macroscale computervision. Autofocusing techniques is of fundamental importance to automated micromanipulation in providing high level task understanding, task p...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424420575
Microscopic computervision differs significantly from macroscale computervision. Autofocusing techniques is of fundamental importance to automated micromanipulation in providing high level task understanding, task planning and real time control. Depth-from-Focus (DFF) based autofocusing method is widely used in many microscope systems, while the low efficiency limited its application in micromanipulation system which needs fast autofocus for real time control. In this paper, Depth-From-Defocus (DFD) algorithms are proposed to improve autofocusing performance and robustness for microscopic optics. Two different schemes based on look-up table and function relation are investigated and evaluated through actual experiments. Experimental results validate the performances of the two proposed autofocusing methods.
The proceedings contain 35 papers. The topics discussed include: automated synthesis of distortion-invariant filters: autominace;emerging directions in human-robotic space exploration technologies: remote operation of...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819464821
The proceedings contain 35 papers. The topics discussed include: automated synthesis of distortion-invariant filters: autominace;emerging directions in human-robotic space exploration technologies: remote operation of complex systems;a telepresence robot system realized by embedded object concept;pedestrian detection in crowded scene with the histogram of gradients principle;embodying a cognitive model in a mobile robot;visualization of pallets;indoor environment modeling for interactive robot security application;biomimetic sensory abstraction using hierarchical quilted self-organizing maps;feature optimization and creation of a real time pattern matching system;vehicle detection methods for surveillance applications;a parallel unmixing algorithm for hyperspectral images;intelligent robot control using an adaptive critic with a taskcontrol center and dynamic database;and autonomous robot navigation using vision and sensor based algorithm.
This paper describes progress toward a street-crossing system for an outdoor mobile robot. The system can detect and track vehicles in real time. It reasons about extracted motion regions to decide when it is safe to ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819469243
This paper describes progress toward a street-crossing system for an outdoor mobile robot. The system can detect and track vehicles in real time. It reasons about extracted motion regions to decide when it is safe to cross.
Stereo vision is attractive for autonomous mobile robot navigation, but the cost and complexity of stereo camera systems and the computational requirements make full stereo vision impractical. A novel optical system a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819469243
Stereo vision is attractive for autonomous mobile robot navigation, but the cost and complexity of stereo camera systems and the computational requirements make full stereo vision impractical. A novel optical system allows the capture of a pair of short, wide stereo images from a single camera, which are then processed to detect vertical edges and infer obstacle positions and locations within the planar field of view, providing real-time obstacle detection. Our optical system involves a pair of right-angle prisms stacked vertically, splitting the camera field of view vertically in half. Right angle mirrors on either side redirect the image forward but at a horizontally displaced location, creating two virtual cameras. Tilting these mirrors provides an overlapping image area. Alternately, tilting the prisms produces the same effect. This image area is wide but not very tall. However, in a mobile robot scenario the majority of obstacles of interest intersect this field of view.
The intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) is one of three, unmanned systems, student competitions that were founded by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) in the 1990s. The IGVC ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819469243
The intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) is one of three, unmanned systems, student competitions that were founded by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) in the 1990s. The IGVC is a multidisciplinary exercise in product realization that challenges college engineering student teams to integrate advanced control theory, machine vision, vehicular electronics, and mobile platform fundamentals to design and build an unmanned system. Teams from around the world focus on developing a suite of dual-use technologies to equip ground vehicles of the future with intelligent driving capabilities. Over the past 15 years, the competition has challenged undergraduate, graduate and Ph.D. students with real world applications in intelligent transportation systems, the military and manufacturing automation. To date, teams from over 50 universities and colleges have participated. This paper describes some of the applications of the technologies required by this competition and discusses the educational benefits. The primary goal of the IGVC is to advance engineering education in intelligent vehicles and related technologies. The employment and professional networking opportunities created for students and industrial sponsors through a series of technical events over the four-day competition are highlighted. Finally, an assessment of the competition based on participation is presented.
This paper presents a modified virtual force based obstacle avoidance approach suited for laser range finder. The modified method takes advantage of the polar coordinate based data sent by the laser sensor by mapping ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819469243
This paper presents a modified virtual force based obstacle avoidance approach suited for laser range finder. The modified method takes advantage of the polar coordinate based data sent by the laser sensor by mapping the environment in a polar coordinate system. The method also utilizes a Gaussian function based certainty values to detect obstacle. The method successfully navigates through complex obstacles and reaches target GPS waypoints.
A new method along with shape descriptor using support vector machine for classify fruit shape is developed, the image is first subjected to a normalization process using its regular moments to obtain scale and transl...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819469243
A new method along with shape descriptor using support vector machine for classify fruit shape is developed, the image is first subjected to a normalization process using its regular moments to obtain scale and translation invariance, the rotation invariant Zernike features are then extracted from the scale and translation normalized images and the numbers of features are decided by primary component analysis (PCA), at last. these features are input to support vector machine (SVM) classifier and are compared to different classifiers. This method using support vector machine as classifier performs better than traditional approaches that is verified by some experiments.
This paper describes a methodology for creative learning that applies to man and machines. Creative learning is a general approach used to solve optimal control problems. The creative controller for intelligent machin...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819469243
This paper describes a methodology for creative learning that applies to man and machines. Creative learning is a general approach used to solve optimal control problems. The creative controller for intelligent machines integrates a dynamic database and a task control center into the adaptive critic learning model. The task control center can function as a command center to decompose tasks into sub-tasks with different dynamic models and criteria functions, while the dynamic database can act as an information system. To illustrate the theory of creative control, several experimental simulations for robot arm manipulators and mobile wheeled vehicles were included. The simulation results showed that the best performance was obtained by using adaptive critic controller among all other controllers. By changing the paths of the robot arm manipulator in the simulation, it was demonstrated that the learning component of the creative controller was adapted to a new set of criteria. The Bearcat Cub robot was another experimental example used for testing the creative control learning. The significance of this research is to generalize the adaptive control theory in a direction toward highest level of human learning - imagination. In doing this it is hoped to better understand the adaptive learning theory and move forward to develop more human-intelligence-like components and capabilities into the intelligent robot. It is also hoped that a greater understanding of machine learning will motivate similar studies to improve human learning.
This paper studies the applicability of genetic algorithms and imaging to measure deformations. Genetic algorithms are used to search for the strain field parameters of images from a uniaxial tensile test. The non-def...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819469243
This paper studies the applicability of genetic algorithms and imaging to measure deformations. Genetic algorithms are used to search for the strain field parameters of images from a uniaxial tensile test. The non-deformed image is artificially deformed according to the estimated strain field parameters, and the resulting image is compared with the true deformed image. The mean difference of intensities is used as a fitness function. Results are compared with a node-based strain measurement algorithm developed by Koljonen et al. The reference method slightly outperforms the genetic algorithm as for mean difference of intensities. The root-mean-square difference of the displacement fields is less than one pixel. However, with some improvements suggested in this paper the genetic algorithm based method may be worth considering, also in other similar applications: Surface matching instead of individual landmarks can be used in camera calibration and image registration. Search of deformation parameters by genetic algorithms could be applied in pattern recognition tasks e.g. in robotics, object tracking and remote sensing if the objects are subject to deformation. In addition, other transformation parameters could be simultaneously looked for.
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a concept of eclecticism for the design, development, simulation and implementation of a real time controller for an intelligent, vision guided robots. The use of an eclectic ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819469243
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a concept of eclecticism for the design, development, simulation and implementation of a real time controller for an intelligent, vision guided robots. The use of an eclectic perceptual, creative controller that can select its own tasks and perform autonomous operations is illustrated. This eclectic controller is a new paradigm for robot controllers and is an attempt to simplify the application of intelligent machines in general and robots in particular. The idea is to uses a task control center and dynamic programming approach. However, the information required for an optimal solution may only partially reside in a dynamic database so that some tasks are impossible to accomplish. So a decision must be made about the feasibility of a solution to a task before the task is attempted. Even when tasks are feasible, an iterative learning approach may be required. The learning could go on forever. The dynamic database stores both global environmental information and local information including the kinematic and dynamic models of the intelligent robot. The kinematic model is very useful for position control and simulations. However, models of the dynamics of the manipulators are needed for tracking control of the robot's motions. Such models are also necessary for sizing the actuators, tuning the controller, and achieving superior performance. Simulations of various control designs are shown. Much of the model has also been used for the actual prototype Bearcat Cub mobile robot. This vision guided robot was designed for the intelligent Ground Vehicle Contest. A novel feature of the proposed approach lies in the fact that it is applicable to both robot arm manipulators and mobile robots such as wheeled mobile robots. This generality should encourage the development of more mobile robots with manipulator capability since both models can be easily stored in the dynamic database. The multi task controller also permits wide applications
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