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Modelling the positioning accuracy of sensor-based robots

Modelling the positioning accuracy of sensor-based robots

Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XVI - algorithms, techniques, Active vision, and Materials Handling

作者： Jarviluoma, M Heikkila, T VTT Automation Machine Automation FIN-90571 Oulu P.O. Box 13023 Finland

ISBN: (纸本)0819426407

This paper describes a method for expressing and manipulating position and orientation uncertainty in sensor-based robotics. The goal is to formulate a computational framework where the effects of accumulating uncertainties, originating from internal and external sensors, are shown as uncertainties in tool frame positions and orientations. The described method is based on using covariance matrices of position and orientation parameters. The used orientation parameters are xyz Euler angles. There are three different forms of spatial uncertainty and uncertainty manipulation involves transformations between these forms. These transformations are done by using linearisation around nominal relations. Paper presents the basic formulas for these transformations and also three calculation examples.

关键词： spatial uncertainty intelligent robotics sensor fusion

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A PROJECT ORIENTED APPROACH TO THE TEACHING OF MACHINE PERCEPTION

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION 1993年第4期36卷 380-383页

作者： MYLER, HR Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA

Advanced courses in the areas of Machine Perception and Machine Intelligence are not easy to prepare or conduct due to the dynamic research nature of the field. In engineering, our interest is in the construction of intelligent machines in the form of robotic devices or through computer simulation models. Studies in this area are further complicated by the broad range of disciplines that must be accessed in order to provide adequate coverage. This discussion focuses on a set of computer simulation projects that have been assigned at various times during offerings of an advanced graduate level course entitled Machine Perception. The format of the projects are presented with discussion of student results. The projects were novel in that they require advanced techniques of machine vision and are open-ended in that there are no specific solutions. The problems represent the mainstream of machine perception research without requiring more effort than is possible in a one semester course. Students responded with algorithms developed in a variety of computer languages and on various machines.

关键词： Education Humans Machine vision Machine intelligence Signal detection Information processing Layout intelligent robots computer simulation Image analysis

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On-Line Measurement of Ski-Jumper trajectory: combining Stereo vision and Shape Description

On-Line Measurement of Ski-Jumper trajectory: combining Ster...

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27th Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision: algorithms and techniques

作者： Nunner, T. Sidla, O. Paar, G. Nauschnegg, B. Joanneum Res Inst Digital Image Proc Wastiangasse 6 A-8010 Graz Austria SLR Engn EU A-8010 Graz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9780819479327

Ski jumping has continuously raised major public interest since the early 70s of the last century, mainly in Europe and Japan. The sport undergoes high-level analysis and development, among others, based on biodynamic measurements during the take-off and flight phase of the jumper. We report on a vision-based solution for such measurements that provides a full 3D trajectory of unique points on the jumper's shape. During the jump synchronized stereo images are taken by a calibrated camera system in video rate. Using methods stemming from video surveillance, the jumper is detected and localized in the individual stereo images, and learning-based deformable shape analysis identifies the jumper's silhouette. The 3D reconstruction of the trajectory takes place on standard stereo forward intersection of distinct shape points, such as helmet top or heel. In the reported study, the measurements are being verified by an independent GPS measurement mounted on top of the Jumper's helmet, synchronized to the timing of camera exposures. Preliminary estimations report an accuracy of +/-20 cm in 30 Hz imaging frequency within 40m trajectory. The system is ready for fully-automatic on-line application on ski-jumping sites that allow stereo camera views with an approximate base-distance ratio of 1: 3 within the entire area of investigation.

关键词： ski-jumping active-shape-model calibration stereo-reconstruction online-tracking Eigenshape GPS

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ON WAVELET IMAGE REPRESENTATION AND APPLICATIONS IN computer vision 12

ON WAVELET IMAGE REPRESENTATION AND APPLICATIONS IN COMPUTER...

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12th Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision: algorithms and techniques

作者： FARAG, AA WANG, B UNIV LOUISVILLE DEPT ENGN MATH & COMP SCILOUISVILLEKY 40292

ISBN: (纸本)0819413208

In this paper, a number of spatial/spatial-frequency image representations are reviewed. Wavelets have recently generated much interest, both in applied areas as well as in more theoretical ones. Wavelet tranlorm relative to some basic wavelets, provides aflexible time-frequency window which automatically narrows when observing high frequency phenomena and widens when studying lowfrequency environments. As a result, it is suitablefor visual information representation. Applications in computer vision such as image compression and image enhancement are examined. © 1993 SPIE.

关键词： Image representation

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Visual world perception modeling and control of cooperative mobile robots

Visual world perception modeling and control of cooperative ...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXI

作者： Shirkhodaie, A Tennessee State Univ Intelligent Tact Mobil Res Lab Dept Mech & Mfg Engn Nashville TN 37209 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945155X

There has been a great interest in the recent years in visual coordination and target tracking for mobile robots cooperating in unstructured environments. This paper describes visual servo control techniques suitable for intelligent task planning of cooperative robots operating in unstructured environment. In this paper, we have considered a team of semi-autonomous robots controlled by a remote supervisory control system. We have presented an algorithm for visual position tracking of individual cooperative robots within their working environment. Initially, we present a technique suitable for visual servoing of a robot toward its landmark targets. Secondly, we present an image-processing technique that utilizes images from a remote surveillance camera for localization of the robots within the operational environment. In this algorithm, the surveillance camera can be either stationary or mobile. The supervisor control system keeps tracks of relative locations of individual robots and utilizes relative coordinate information of the robots to plan their cooperative activities. We presented some results of this research effort that illustrates effectiveness of the proposed algorithms for cooperative robotic systems visual team working and target tracking.

关键词： world perception modeling cooperative robots robot pose estimation

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Model-based human face recognition in intelligent vision

Model-based human face recognition in intelligent vision

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XV: algorithms, techniques, Active vision, and Materials Handling

作者： Cai, DF Liang, HY Wang, XW Chen, JF Institute of Electronics (China)

ISBN: (纸本)0819423068

The face recognition, one of the most important ability of intelligent vision, are discussed in this paper. A new idea of model-based processing are presented. The algorithms of face modeling, global matching and fine matching, and feature points extraction etc. are given Finally, a rapid and robust scheme for human face recognition are resulted.

关键词： face recognition intelligent vision model-based modeling feature points extraction

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Best viewpoints for active vision classification and pose estimation

Best viewpoints for active vision classification and pose es...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XVI - algorithms, techniques, Active vision, and Materials Handling

作者： Sipe, MA Casasent, D Carnegie Mellon Univ. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819426407

We advance new active computer vision algorithms that classify objects and estimate their pose from intensity images. Our algorithms automatically re-position the sensor if the class or pose of an object is ambiguous in a given image and incorporate data from multiple object views in determining the final object classification A feature space trajectory (PST) in a global eigenfeature space is used to represent 3-D distorted views of an object. Assuming that an observed feature vector consists of Gaussian noise added to a point on the FST, we derive a probability density function (PDF) for the observation conditioned on the class and pose of the object. Bayesian estimation and hypothesis testing theory are then used to derive approximations to the maximum a posteriori probability pose estimate and the minimum probability of error classifier. New confidence measures for the class and pose estimates: derived using Bayes theory, determine when additional observations are required as well as where the sensor should be positioned to provide the most useful information.

关键词： active vision Bayesian estimation object recognition object representation pose estimation

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Image segmentation using Gaussian curvature

Image segmentation using Gaussian curvature

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XIV - algorithms, techniques, Active vision, and Materials Handling

作者： Shrikhande, N Ramaswamy, S CENT MICHIGAN UNIV DEPT COMP SCIMT PLEASANTMI 48859

ISBN: (纸本)0819419524

One of the central problems of computer vision is segmentation of images into salient features such as edges and surfaces. Different kinds of similarity criteria can be used to group related pixels together. One such criterion is the curvature of surfaces in an image of a multiobject scene that contains several objects with different shapes. In practice, however, curvature is difficult to calculate because small amount of noise can cause large amounts of errors in calculations of first and second derivatives. In this paper, we use a discrete approximation of Gaussian curvature that is efficient to compute. The approximation is used to segment the image into individual surfaces. Both synthetic and real images have been tested. Results appear quite encouraging.

关键词： Image segmentation Visual process modeling Data modeling Software development computer vision technology Image processing algorithms and systems Machine vision Object recognition Reliability Visualization

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Single-camera stereo vision for obstacle detection in mobile robots

Single-camera stereo vision for obstacle detection in mobile...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXV - algorithms, techniques, and Active vision

作者： Lovegrove, William Brame, Ben Bob Jones Univ Greenville SC 29607 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819469243

Stereo vision is attractive for autonomous mobile robot navigation, but the cost and complexity of stereo camera systems and the computational requirements make full stereo vision impractical. A novel optical system allows the capture of a pair of short, wide stereo images from a single camera, which are then processed to detect vertical edges and infer obstacle positions and locations within the planar field of view, providing real-time obstacle detection. Our optical system involves a pair of right-angle prisms stacked vertically, splitting the camera field of view vertically in half. Right angle mirrors on either side redirect the image forward but at a horizontally displaced location, creating two virtual cameras. Tilting these mirrors provides an overlapping image area. Alternately, tilting the prisms produces the same effect. This image area is wide but not very tall. However, in a mobile robot scenario the majority of obstacles of interest intersect this field of view.

关键词： stereo single camera mobile robots obstacle detection computer vision

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ON THE COMPLEXITY OF COMPUTING REACHABLE WORKSPACES FOR REDUNDANT MANIPULATORS

ON THE COMPLEXITY OF COMPUTING REACHABLE WORKSPACES FOR REDU...

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CONF ON intelligent robots AND computer vision 9 : algorithms AND techniques

作者： ALAMELDIN, T PALIS, M RAJASEKARAN, S BADLER, N Univ of Pennsylvania Philadelphia United States

ISBN: (纸本)0819404489

The complexity of computing 3D workspaces for joint limited redundant manipulators is examined. Different types of reachable workspace volume and reachable workspace boundary problems are defined. Each type of volume problem is at least as hard as its corresponding type of boundary problem, and each problem type is at least NP hard. New efficient and adaptive workspace point computation techniques are proposed (e.g. based on nonlinear programming) after complexity analyses of the corresponding decision problems.

关键词： robots, Industrial

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