The intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) is one of three, unmanned systems, student competitions that were founded by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) in the 1990s. The IGVC ...
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The intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) is one of three, unmanned systems, student competitions that were founded by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) in the 1990s. The IGVC is a multidisciplinary exercise in product realization that challenges college engineering student teams to integrate advanced control theory, machine vision, vehicular electronics, and mobile platform fundamentals to design and build an unmanned system. Teams from around the world focus on developing a suite of dual-use technologies to equip ground vehicles of the future with intelligent driving capabilities. Over the past 13 years, the competition has challenged undergraduate, graduate and Ph.D. students with real world applications in intelligent transportation systems, the military and manufacturing automation. To date, teams from over 50 universities and colleges have participated. This paper describes some of the applications of the technologies required by this competition and discusses the educational benefits. The primary goal of the IGVC is to advance engineering education in intelligent vehicles and related technologies. The employment and professional networking opportunities created for students and industrial sponsors through a series of technical events over the three-day competition are highlighted. Finally, an assessment of the competition based on participant feedback is presented.
This paper presents the vision and path planning software design of a totally autonomous vehicle built to compete in the 13th intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition, IGVC. The vehicle, Calculon, is based on a powered ...
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This paper presents the vision and path planning software design of a totally autonomous vehicle built to compete in the 13th intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition, IGVC. The vehicle, Calculon, is based on a powered wheelchair and uses a variety of sensors for its navigation and obstacle avoidance including a 3CCD Sony color camera, an outdoor laser range finder, a DGPS, 2 wheel encoders and a solid state compass. The modules forming the core vision system include: filters, color classifier, image segments, and line finder. Our color classifier is based on a modified implementation of an adaptive Gaussian color model similar to those used in some skin detection algorithms. A combination of various image enhancing filters and the color classifier allow for the isolation of possible obstacles within the image. After filtering the image for areas of high brightness and contrast, the line finder performs a Hough Transform to find lines in the image. Our path planning is accomplished using a variety of known and custom algorithms in combination including a modified road map method, a Rapidly Exploring Trees method and a Gaussian Potential Field's method. This paper will present the software design and methods of our autonomous vehicle focusing mainly on the 2 most difficult components, the vision and path planning.
Singular value decomposition (SVD) is a common technique that is performed on video sequences in a number of computervision and robotics applications. The left singular vectors represent the eigenimages, while the ri...
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Singular value decomposition (SVD) is a common technique that is performed on video sequences in a number of computervision and robotics applications. The left singular vectors represent the eigenimages, while the right singular vectors represent the temporal properties of the video sequence. It is obvious that spatial reduction techniques affect the left singular vectors; however, the extent of their effect on the right singular vectors is not clear. Understanding how the right singular vectors are affected is important because many SVD algorithms rely on computing them as an intermediate step to computing the eigenimages. The work presented here quantifies the effects of different spatial resolution reduction techniques on the right singular vectors that are computed from those video sequences. Examples show that using random sampling for spatial resolution reduction rather than a low-pass filtering technique results in less perturbation of the temporal properties.
The proceedings contain 38 papers from the Proceedings of SPIE: intelligentrobots and computervision XXII: algorithms, techniques, and Active vision. The topics discussed include: advances in learning for intelligen...
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The proceedings contain 38 papers from the Proceedings of SPIE: intelligentrobots and computervision XXII: algorithms, techniques, and Active vision. The topics discussed include: advances in learning for intelligent mobile robots;advanced remote operation of swarms of robots;a method for integrating vision and laser range measurements in autonomous ground robotic vehicles;calculation of the shortest-time path for traversal of an obstacle course by a robot;autonomous robot vision software design using Matlab toolboxes;visual terrain mapping for traversable path planning of mobile robots;segmentation algorithm for objects with very low edge contrast;and Bayesian stereo: 3D vision designed for sensor fusion.
This paper introduces a tool developed for remote operation and simulation of swarms of robots. The tool provides a possibility for the user to easily and simultaneously operate multiple robots remotely. The robots ca...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081945561X
This paper introduces a tool developed for remote operation and simulation of swarms of robots. The tool provides a possibility for the user to easily and simultaneously operate multiple robots remotely. The robots can be either simulated or real physical robots. In addition to direct control of the robots, the user interface part of the tool can be used to develop robot behaviours using plug-ins made with Java or our graphical state machine editor. The development and testing of behaviours can be facilitated by using methods tested with the supporting simulation features of the tool before controlling real robots.
Cooperation between several mobile robots enables to address more complex tasks or to provide more robust performance. Navigation and localisation forms the basis for the coordination and autonomous behaviours of team...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081945561X
Cooperation between several mobile robots enables to address more complex tasks or to provide more robust performance. Navigation and localisation forms the basis for the coordination and autonomous behaviours of teams of mobile robots. Therefore analyses of the kinematics and of the sensor field of view for the different vehicles are summarized in order to characterize robust formations during movements. In this approach optimized robot formations with respect to the given sensor configurations are maintained by the control system during the joint motion towards the target. The application of this method for guidance by a navigator and for cooperative manipulation tasks is discussed and tested with mobile robot hardware.
Following on recent robotic exploration of Mars by twin Exploration Rovers (MER), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is now moving into a new program of human-robotic (H-R) exploration. This &quo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081945561X
Following on recent robotic exploration of Mars by twin Exploration Rovers (MER), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is now moving into a new program of human-robotic (H-R) exploration. This "National Space vision" was introduced in January 2004 by the US White House. The range of such exploration spans the inner planets and Earth moon, to outer planets, their moons and small bodies. Applicable systems and technologies include autonomous mobile robots operating on-and-near solar system bodies, telerobotic servicers, and ultimately, H-R work crews operating at lower and higher gravitational libration points as well as sustaining outposts on lunar and planetary bodies. In this invited talk, we give a brief technical perspective on the evolution from robotic to H-R space exploration.
intelligent mobile robots must often operate in an unstructured environment cluttered with obstacles and with many possible action paths to accomplish a variety of tasks. Such machines have many potential useful appli...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081945561X
intelligent mobile robots must often operate in an unstructured environment cluttered with obstacles and with many possible action paths to accomplish a variety of tasks. Such machines have many potential useful applications in medicine, defense, industry and even the home so that the design of such machines is a challenge with great potential rewards. Even though intelligent systems may have symbiotic closure that permits them to make a decision or take an action without external inputs, sensors such as vision permit sensing of the environment and permit precise adaptation to changes. Sensing and adaptation define a reactive system. However, in many applications some form of learning is also desirable or perhaps even required. A further level of intelligence called understanding may involve not only sensing, adaptation and learning but also creative, perceptual solutions involving models of not only the eyes and brain but also the mind. The purpose of this paper is to present a discussion of recent technical advances in learning for intelligent mobile robots with examples of adaptive, creative and perceptual learning. The significance of this work is in providing a greater understanding of the applications of learning to mobile robots that could lead to important beneficial applications.
The Bearcat "Cub" Robot is an interactive, intelligent, Autonomous Guided Vehicle (AGV) designed to serve in unstructured environments. Recent advances in computer stereo visionalgorithms that produce quali...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081945561X
The Bearcat "Cub" Robot is an interactive, intelligent, Autonomous Guided Vehicle (AGV) designed to serve in unstructured environments. Recent advances in computer stereo visionalgorithms that produce quality disparity and the availability of low cost high speed camera systems have simplified many of tasks associated with robot navigation and obstacle avoidance using stereo vision. Leveraging these benefits, this paper describes a novel method for autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance currently being implemented on the UC Bearcat Robot. The core of this approach is the synthesis of multiple sources of real-time data including stereo image disparity maps, tilt sensor data, and LADAR data with standard contour, edge, color, and line detection methods to provide robust and intelligent obstacle avoidance. An algorithm is presented with Matlab code to process the disparity maps to rapidly produce obstacle size and location information in a simple format, and features cancellation of noise and correction for pitch and roll. The vision and control computers are clustered with the Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) software. The significance of this work is in presenting the methods needed for real time navigation and obstacle avoidance for intelligent autonomous robots.
The human eye is a good model for the engineering of optical correlators. Three prominent intelligent functionalities in human vision could in the near future become realized by a new diffractive-optical hardware desi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081945561X
The human eye is a good model for the engineering of optical correlators. Three prominent intelligent functionalities in human vision could in the near future become realized by a new diffractive-optical hardware design of optical imaging sensors: Illuminant-adaptive RGB-based Color vision, Monocular 3D vision based on RGB data processing, Patchwise fourier-optical Object-Classification and Identification. The hardware design of the human eye (Fig. 1) has specific diffractive-optical elements (DOE's) in aperture and in image space and seems to execute the three jobs at - or not far behind - the loci of the images of objects.
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