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Training or inheritance in human vision? A critical test for understanding and engineering of intelligent optical systems

Training or inheritance in human vision? A critical test for...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XVI - algorithms, techniques, Active vision, and Materials Handling

作者： Lauinger, N CORRSYS GmbH (Germany)

ISBN: (纸本)0819426407

Inheritance or training in human vision? Training allows individual adaptation to environmental conditions, while genetics determine optimized constant i.e. long-term abilities. The biological engineering of the human eye needs both inheritance and training to realize its high performances. Particularly during postnatal training of an eye, adaptive freedom is necessary and available. To test the part of training it would become necessary to experimentally determine the in vivo refractive index differences between cellular nuclei and cytoplasm in retinal nuclear layers before and after birth to see if diffractive optical tuning of trichromatism in a retinal 3D-grating is synchronized with the differentiation of 3 photopigments in photopic vision or if the specialization in photochemistry depends on crystal-optical preprocessing.

关键词： human vision retina visual pigments colour vision genes in vision training in vision

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Comparison of supervised learning techniques applied to color segmentation of fruit images

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical ...

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Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1996年 2904卷 370-381页

作者： Power, P.Wayne Clist, Roger S. Industrial Research Ltd. Auckland 1 NZ

ISBN: (纸本)0819423068;9780819423061

This paper describes the use of color segmentation to assist the detection of blemishes and other defects on fruit. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different color spaces including RGB and HSI and different supervised learning techniques including maximum likelihood, nearest neighbor and neural networks. It then compares the performance of various combinations of these on the same training and test set. A selection of images segmented by the best combination is presented and conclusions made.

关键词： Color image processing

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Diffractive-optical correlators: chances to make optical image pre-processing as intelligent as human vision.

Diffractive-optical correlators: chances to make optical ima...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXII - algorithms, techniques and Active vision

作者： Lauinger, N Corrsys Datron Sensorsysteme GmbH (Germany)

ISBN: (纸本)081945561X

The human eye is a good model for the engineering of optical correlators. Three prominent intelligent functionalities in human vision could in the near future become realized by a new diffractive-optical hardware design of optical imaging sensors: Illuminant-adaptive RGB-based Color vision, Monocular 3D vision based on RGB data processing, Patchwise fourier-optical Object-Classification and Identification. The hardware design of the human eye (Fig. 1) has specific diffractive-optical elements (DOE's) in aperture and in image space and seems to execute the three jobs at - or not far behind - the loci of the images of objects.

关键词： RGB color model Eye Cones 3D image processing Diffraction gratings 3D vision Modulators Human vision and color perception Near field optics Optical correlators

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LINE GROUPING USING PERCEPTUAL SALIENCY AND STRUCTURE PREDICTION FOR CAR DETECTION IN TRAFFIC SCENES 12

LINE GROUPING USING PERCEPTUAL SALIENCY AND STRUCTURE PREDIC...

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12th Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision: algorithms and techniques

作者： DENASI, S QUAGLIA, G IST ELETTROTECNICO NAZL GALILEO FERRARIS I-10135 TURINITALY

ISBN: (纸本)0819413208

Autonomous and guide assisted vehicles make a heavy use of computer vision techniques to perceive the environment where they move. In this context, the European PROMETHEUS program is carrying on activities in order to develop autonomous vehicle monitoring that assists people to achieve safer driving. Car detection is one of the topics that are faced by the program. Our contribution proposes the development of this task in two stages: the localization of areas of interest and the formulation of object hypotheses. In particular, the present paper proposes a new approach that builds structural descriptions of objects from edge segmentations by using geometrical organization. This approach has been applied to the detection of cars in traffic scenes. We have analyzed images taken from a moving vehicle in order to formulate obstacle hypotheses: preliminary results confirm the efficiency of the method.

关键词： Image segmentation Roads computer vision technology Machine vision Robot vision robots Image processing Computing systems Visual system Visual process modeling

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intelligent robot trends and predictions for the .Net future

Intelligent robot trends and predictions for the .Net future

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XX: algorithms, techniques, and Active vision

作者： Hall, EL Univ Cincinnati Ctr Robot Res Cincinnati OH 45221 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081944300X

An intelligent robot is a remarkably useful combination of a manipulator, sensors and controls. The use of these machines in factory automation can improve productivity, increase product quality and improve competitiveness. This paper presents a discussion of recent and future technical and economic trends. During the past twenty years the use of industrial robots that are equipped not only with precise motion control systems but also with sensors such as cameras, laser scanners, or tactile sensors that permit adaptation to a changing environment has increased dramatically. intelligent robot products have been developed in many cases for factory automation and for some hospital and home applications. To reach an even higher degree of applications, the addition of learning may be required. Recently, learning theories such as the adaptive critic have been proposed. In this type of learning, a critic provides a grade to the controller of an action module such as a robot. The adaptive critic is a good model for human learning. In general, the critic may be considered to be the human with the teach pendant, plant manager, line supervisor, quality inspector or the consumer. If the ultimate critic is the consumer, then the quality inspector must model the consumer's decision-making process and use this model in the design and manufacturing operations. Can the "adaptive critic" be used to advance intelligent robots? intelligent robots have historically taken decades to be developed and reduced to practice. Methods for speeding this development include technology such as rapid prototyping and product development and government, industry and university cooperation.

关键词： intelligent robots mechatronics industrial robots artificial intelligence adaptive critic

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intelligent robot control using an adaptive critic with a task control center and dynamic database

Intelligent robot control using an adaptive critic with a ta...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXIV - algorithms, techniques, and Active vision

作者： Hall, E. L. Ghaffari, M. Liao, X. Ali, S. M. Alhaj Univ Cincinnati Ctr Robot Res Cincinnati OH 45221 USA Hashemite Univ Zarqa Jordan

ISBN: (纸本)0819464821

The purpose of this paper is to describe the design, development and simulation of a real time controller for an intelligent, vision guided robot. The use of a creative controller that can select its own tasks is demonstrated. This creative controller uses a task control center and dynamic database. The dynamic database stores both global environmental information and local information including the kinematic and dynamic models of the intelligent robot. The kinematic model is very useful for position control and simulations. However, models of the dynamics of the manipulators are needed for tracking control of the robot's motions. Such models are also necessary for sizing the actuators, tuning the controller, and achieving superior performance. Simulations of various control designs are shown. Also, much of the model has also been used for the actual prototype Bearcat Cub mobile robot. This vision guided robot was designed for the intelligent Ground Vehicle Contest. A novel feature of the proposed approach is that the method is applicable to both robot arm manipulators and robot bases such as wheeled mobile robots. This generality should encourage the development of more mobile robots with manipulator capability since both models can be easily stored in the dynamic database. The multi task controller also permits wide applications. The use of manipulators and mobile bases with a high-level control are potentially useful for space exploration, certain rescue robots, defense robots, and medical robotics aids.

关键词： intelligent robots adaptive control creative control reinforcement learning adaptive critic

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vision-BASED ORIENTATION AND POSITION DETECTION OF ICS AND PCBS 12

VISION-BASED ORIENTATION AND POSITION DETECTION OF ICS AND P...

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12th Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision: algorithms and techniques

作者： CHUNG, HK PARK, RH SOGANG UNIV DEPT ELECTR ENGNSEOUL 100611SOUTH KOREA

ISBN: (纸本)0819413208

In this paper, a high-resolution algorithm for detecting the orientation and position of an IC, and an algorithm for compensating the position and skew angle of a PCB, are proposed. The proposed algorithm for the first topic consists of two parts. Its first part is a preprocessing step, in which corner points of an IC are detected and are separated into two groups. Then the coarse angle of the principal axis is obtained by line fitting. The second part is a main processing step, in which the Hough transform over the limited range of angles is applied to the corner points to detect precisely the orientation of an IC or a surface mounting device (SMD). The position of an IC or SMD is determined by using its four corner points. The proposed algorithm for the second topic is the one which detects a rotation angle and translation parameters of a PCB using a template matching method. The PCB is compensated by the detected parameters. The computer simulation shows that the parameters obtained by proposed algorithms are more accurate than those by the several conventional methods considered. The proposed algorithms can be applied to the fast and accurate automatic inspection systems.

关键词： Hough transforms robots Robot vision computer vision technology Machine vision Detection and tracking algorithms Corner detection Inspection Information operations Lead

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Fast face localization for mobile robots: signature analysis and color processing

Fast face localization for mobile robots: signature analysis...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XVII - algorithms, techniques, and Active vision

作者： Grana, M Gonzalez, AI Raducanu, B Echave, I UPV EHU Dept CCIA San Sebastian 20080 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)081942983X

The purpose of our works is to provide fast and reliable face localization techniques in real time an in real-life scenes. Person localization is included in this problem. The end application sought is the ability of mobile robots to navigate in human populated environments, and to start visual interaction with them. Known methods are computationally intensive, far from real time implementation at near future processing power of off-the-shelf processors. Our technique is based in motion segmentation, signature analysis and color processing. Signature analysis provides fast hints of the person and face localization. Color processing is used to confirm the face hypothesis, and it is based on our works on adaptive color quantization of image sequences. The technique can be implemented in real time and combined with other approaches to enhance the recognition results.

关键词： color processing face localization person localization

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The 14^TH Annual intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition:: intelligent teams creating intelligent ground robots

The 14<SUP>TH</SUP> Annual Intelligent Ground Vehicle Compet...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXIV - algorithms, techniques, and Active vision

作者： Theisen, Bernard L. Nguyen, Dmitri US Army Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr 6501 E Eleven Mile Rd Warren MI 48397 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819464821

The intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) is one of three, unmanned systems, student competitions that were founded by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) in the 1990s. The IGVC is a multidisciplinary exercise in product realization that challenges college engineering student teams to integrate advanced control theory, machine vision, vehicular electronics, and mobile platform fundamentals to design and build an unmanned system. Teams from around the world focus on developing a suite of dual-use technologies to equip ground vehicles of the future with intelligent driving capabilities. Over the past 14 years, the competition has challenged undergraduate, graduate and Ph.D. students with real world applications in intelligent transportation systems, the military and manufacturing automation. To date, teams from over 50 universities and colleges have participated. This paper describes some of the applications of the technologies required by this competition and discusses the educational benefits. The primary goal of the IGVC is to advance engineering education in intelligent vehicles and related technologies. The employment and professional networking opportunities created for students and industrial sponsors through a series of technical events over the three-day competition are highlighted. Finally, an assessment of the competition based on participant feedback is presented.

关键词： intelligent roboss autonomous systems ground vehicles engineering education IGVC

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BUILDING A SPACE OCCUPANCY MODEL FOR A POWER-LINE MAINTENANCE ROBOT USING A RANGE DATA SENSOR

BUILDING A SPACE OCCUPANCY MODEL FOR A POWER-LINE MAINTENANC...

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CONF ON intelligent robots AND computer vision 10 : algorithms AND techniques

作者： CROTEAU, A LAURENDEAU, D LESSARD, J Univ. Laval (Canada) Institut de Recherche d'Hydro-Quebec (Canada)

ISBN: (纸本)0819407445

A telerobotic system for power-line maintenance is equipped with a laser range-finder allowing it to perform an estimation of its workspace occupancy. This paper describes the model used for describing space occupancy and the 3-D computer vision method developed for extracting this information. It consists in building an octree of the scene from several range images taken from various points of view. A calibration is performed using the first image in order to find the initial position of the camera relative to the scene. Successive 3-D images are used to complete the model information until a satisfying knowledge of the space occupancy is reached.

关键词： Image segmentation 3D modeling Cameras Data modeling Robot vision Sensors Calibration computer vision technology Machine vision Visual process modeling

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