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Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1996年 2904卷 528-537页

作者： Loose, Markus Meier, Karlheinz Schemmel, Johannes Heidelberg Univ. Heidelberg Ger

ISBN: (纸本)0819423068;9780819423061

A camera system to be used in a tactile vision aid for blind persons has been built and tested. The camera is based on individual adaptive photoreceptors modelled after the biological example and realized in standard CMOS technology. The system exhibits a large dynamic range of approximately 7 orders of magnitude in incident light intensity and a pronounced capability to detect moving objects. It is planned to connect such a camera to a set of mechanical actuators which will transmit processed information about the image to the skin of a person. This paper describes simulations and measurements carried out with single adaptive pixels as well as results obtained with two complete prototype camera systems.

关键词： vision aids

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Research and Development of Ro-Boat - An Autonomous River Cleaning Robot

Research and Development of Ro-Boat - An Autonomous River Cl...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXXI - algorithms and techniques

作者： Sinha, Aakash Bhardwaj, Prashant Vaibhav, Bipul Mohammad, Noor Omnipresent Robot Technologies Pvt. Ltd. (India) Manav Rachna College Of Engineering (India) Indian Institute Of Technology Guwahati (India) National Institute Of Technology Warangal (India)

ISBN: (纸本)9780819499424

Ro-Boat is an autonomous river cleaning intelligent robot incorporating mechanical design and computer vision algorithm to achieve autonomous river cleaning and provide a sustainable environment. Ro-boat is designed in a modular fashion with design details such as mechanical structural design, hydrodynamic design and vibrational analysis. It is incorporated with a stable mechanical system with air and water propulsion, robotic arms and solar energy source and it is proceed to become autonomous by using computer vision. Both "HSV Color Space" and "SURF" are proposed to use for measurements in Kalman Filter resulting in extremely robust pollutant tracking. The system has been tested with successful results in the Yamuna River in New Delhi. We foresee that a system of Ro-boats working autonomously 24x7 can clean a major river in a city on about six months time, which is unmatched by alternative methods of river cleaning.

关键词： Autonomous robot River cleaning computer vision Multiple object tracking HSV color space SURF Kalman filter

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Searching strain field parameters by genetic algorithms

Searching strain field parameters by genetic algorithms

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXV - algorithms, techniques, and Active vision

作者： Koljonen, Janne Mantere, Timo Kanniainen, Olli Alander, Jarmo T. Univ Vaasa Dept Elect Engn & Automat FIN-65101 Vaasa Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9780819469243

This paper studies the applicability of genetic algorithms and imaging to measure deformations. Genetic algorithms are used to search for the strain field parameters of images from a uniaxial tensile test. The non-deformed image is artificially deformed according to the estimated strain field parameters, and the resulting image is compared with the true deformed image. The mean difference of intensities is used as a fitness function. Results are compared with a node-based strain measurement algorithm developed by Koljonen et al. The reference method slightly outperforms the genetic algorithm as for mean difference of intensities. The root-mean-square difference of the displacement fields is less than one pixel. However, with some improvements suggested in this paper the genetic algorithm based method may be worth considering, also in other similar applications: Surface matching instead of individual landmarks can be used in camera calibration and image registration. Search of deformation parameters by genetic algorithms could be applied in pattern recognition tasks e.g. in robotics, object tracking and remote sensing if the objects are subject to deformation. In addition, other transformation parameters could be simultaneously looked for.

关键词： deformation genetic algorithms machine vision search tensile testing

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ESTABLISHING IDENTITY AND POSE OF OBJECTS FROM A LIBRARY USING RECIPROCAL BASIS-SET AND DIRECTION-OF-ARRIVAL techniques 12

ESTABLISHING IDENTITY AND POSE OF OBJECTS FROM A LIBRARY USI...

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12th Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision: algorithms and techniques

作者： WRIGHT, CR VAZ, RF CYGANSKI, D WORCESTER POLYTECH INST DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGNMACHINE VIS LABWORCESTERMA 01609

ISBN: (纸本)0819413208

In many object recognition problems, the object to be identified is one of a fixed set (library) of objects. The problem of identifying which object is present then shares characteristics of the signal detection and parameter estimation problem: which signal is present and what are its parameters? The Reciprocal Basis Set/Direction of Arrival (RBS/DOA) technique is a recently developed technique for object pose determination. It uses a single, comprehensive analytic object model representing a suite of views of an object. Object orientation can be directly established from single 2-D views of the object, without a costly search of the pose parameter space, and without need for the views to be related by a geometric image transformation. This paper describes how one can construct reciprocal basis sets to simultaneously determine object identity and pose from a single 2-D image. Results are presented which demonstrate this ability for a single unknown pose parameter using synthetic and camera-acquired images.

关键词： Visual process modeling Machine vision computer vision technology Robot vision robots Wavefronts Error analysis Image processing Object recognition Signal detection

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A simple, inexpensive, and effective implementation of a vision-guided autonomous robot

A simple, inexpensive, and effective implementation of a vis...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXIV - algorithms, techniques, and Active vision

作者： Tippetts, Beau Lillywhite, Kirt Fowers, Spencer Dennis, Aaron Lee, Dah-Jye Archibald, James Brigham Young Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Robot Vis Lab Provo UT 84602 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819464821

This paper discusses a simple, inexpensive, and effective implementation of a vision-guided autonomous robot. This implementation is a second year entrance for Brigham Young University students to the intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition. The objective of the robot was to navigate a course constructed of white boundary lines and orange obstacles for the autonomous competition. A used electric wheelchair was used as the robot base. The wheelchair was purchased from a local thrift store for $28. The base was modified to include Kegresse tracks using a friction drum system. This modification allowed the robot to perform better on a variety of terrains, resolving issues with last year's design. In order to control the wheelchair and retain the robust motor controls already on the wheelchair the wheelchair joystick was simply removed and replaced with a printed circuit board that emulated joystick operation and was capable of receiving commands through a serial port connection. Three different algorithms were implemented and compared: a purely reactive approach, a potential fields approach, and a machine learning approach. Each of the algorithms used color segmentation methods to interpret data from a digital camera in order to identify the features of the course. This paper will be useful to those interested in implementing an inexpensive vision-based autonomous robot.

关键词： IGVC autonomous robot design machine learning potential fields friction drum Kegresse

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Matching shape descriptions of objects

Matching shape descriptions of objects

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XX: algorithms, techniques, and Active vision

作者： Shrikhande, N Kulkarni, M Cent Michigan Univ Dept Comp Sci Mt Pleasant MI 48859 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081944300X

A model of an object is an image consisting of features of die object. The input is a gray scale image from which features are computed. In his doctoral thesis [7] J. L. Chen used a model based approach for object recognition. His method is based on Rosin's work [26] for extraction of parts. Both model and scene features are contour based properties. Properties of each part such as area, compactness, convexity etc. are computed and used to match the scene image to the model. This paper extends the algorithm in several directions. The contours are improved using two passes over the initial input image. The notion of internal part or base of an object is introduced and used to normalize the part areas. Insignificant parts are merged with neighboring parts to provide a better segmentation of the scene. Interpretation trees are used to match scene to object. The algorithm is tested on simple hand drawn images and also images of buildings obtained from architectural databases.

关键词： computer vision object recognition image processing

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Shape recovery from 2D visual data

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical ...

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Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1996年 2904卷 570-580页

作者： El-Konyaly, El-Sayed H. El-Bakary, M. Mashall, S. Mansoura Univ. El-Mansoura Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)0819423068;9780819423061

In this paper, steps of the physically-based modeling technique are revisited. Proposals for enhancing computational burden are implemented. Force derived from the distance between the model profile and the object profile has proven sufficient for shape recovery purposes while the speed of the fitting process is reduced dramatically. In order to give machines the ability to detect surface irregularities as well as their sizes, a threshold potential function force is applied to excite the surface nodal mesh with good time requirements. Implementation details as well as sample examples are introduced.

关键词： computer vision

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On the integration of point feature acquisition, tracking and uncalibrated metric reconstruction

On the integration of point feature acquisition, tracking an...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XVIII - algorithms, techniques, and Active vision

作者： Tonko, M Kinoshita, K ATR Human Informat Proc Res Labs Kyoto 6190288 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0819434302

In this paper a sequence of algorithms for image feature point detection and tracking as well as Euclidian reconstruction of rigid three-dimensional objects from point correspondences is presented. For fully automatic point feature detection, grayvalue images are processed. High-curvature points on contours, i.e. contour elements with locally maximal curvature, are tracked using a normalized correlation algorithm. High-curvature points that could be tracked in a sequence of more than three images are used as point features that are eligible for reconstruction. Since the general way to obtain the epipolar, projective, and Euclidian geometries from point feature correspondences is already solved, here the emphasis is on the performance of the algorithms in the presense of noise. Kanatani's epipolar geometry estimation method is improved and this is experimentally validated. Regarding Bougnoux's Euclidian geometry estimation method, the initial linear solution is now obtained with less uncertainty and the non-linear minimization does no longer converge to a hidden solution. Experimental results are given to assess the system performance.

关键词： 3D scanning Euclidian reconstruction uncalibrated vision real-time feature detection tracking

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Implementation and evaluation of a wide-angle stereo vision system using the OMNIview motionless camera system

Implementation and evaluation of a wide-angle stereo vision ...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XVI - algorithms, techniques, Active vision, and Materials Handling

作者： Johnson, KB Abidi, MA Univ. of Tennessee/Knoxville (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819426407

This paper presents an evaluation of a stereo vision system using a unique wide-angle imaging device. Because of the extremely wide field of view, the use of such optics is potentially useful to stereo applications where large scenes or close-up features are of interest. A general problem and deterrent for the use of wide-angle optics has been the large amount of distortion which makes processing of the warped image features and modeling of the lens difficult when using conventional camera models. However, this research attempts to use a unique digital orientation and viewing apparatus, OMNIview, to eliminate this problem. The OMNIview Motionless Camera Orientation System provides a method for video pan, tilt, zoom, rotation, and distortion correction without moving parts. The incentive for using such a device within a stereo vision system is the wide field of measurement which can be achieved without physical scanning of the camera. This research will show that use of OMNIview for acquisition and correction of a stereo pair of wide-angle images results in limitations to the accuracy of the system.

关键词： stereo vision fisheye lens distortion OMNIview dewarping

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Stereo matching by optimization using weak environmental constraints

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical ...

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Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1996年 2904卷 199-206页

作者： Branca, Antonella Stella, Ettore Attolico, Giovanni Distante, Arcangelo Istituto Elaborazione Segnali ed Immagini/CNR Bari Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0819423068;9780819423061

Our goal is to match primitives of a pair of images, thereby solving the correspondence problem, in order to estimate depths of 3D scene points from the relative distance between matched features. We propose a feature-based approach to solve the correspondence problem by minimizing an appropriate energy function where constraints on radiometric similarity and projective geometric invariance of coplanar points are defined. The method can be seen as a correlation based approach which takes into account the projective invariance of coplanar points in computing the optimal matches.

关键词： Binocular vision

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