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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXXI - algorithms and techniques

作者： Tikanmaki, A. Feliu, Troyano S. Roning, J. Univ Oulu CSE Dept Oulu Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9780819499424

Service robots usually share their workspace with people. Typically, a robot's tasks require knowing when and where people are, to be able to schedule requested tasks. Therefore, there exists the need to take into account the presence of humans when planning their actions and it is indispensable to have knowledge of robots' environments. It means in practice knowing when (time and events duration) and where (in workspace) a robot's tasks can be performed. This research paper takes steps towards obtaining of the spatial information required to execute software to plan tasks to be performed by a robot. With this aim, a program capable to define meaningful areas or zones in the robot workspace by the use of a clustering is created tied with statistically reasoned time slots when to perform each task. The software is tested using real data obtained from different cameras located along the corridors of CSE Department of University of Oulu.

关键词： service robots learning clustering

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Stereo matching by optimization using weak environmental constraints

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical ...

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Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1996年 2904卷 199-206页

作者： Branca, Antonella Stella, Ettore Attolico, Giovanni Distante, Arcangelo Istituto Elaborazione Segnali ed Immagini/CNR Bari Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0819423068;9780819423061

Our goal is to match primitives of a pair of images, thereby solving the correspondence problem, in order to estimate depths of 3D scene points from the relative distance between matched features. We propose a feature-based approach to solve the correspondence problem by minimizing an appropriate energy function where constraints on radiometric similarity and projective geometric invariance of coplanar points are defined. The method can be seen as a correlation based approach which takes into account the projective invariance of coplanar points in computing the optimal matches.

关键词： Binocular vision

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A 2D CMAC neural net algorithm for a positioning system of automated agriculture vehicle

A 2D CMAC neural net algorithm for a positioning system of a...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXIV - algorithms, techniques, and Active vision

作者： Zhang, Fangming Ying, Yibin Zhejiang Univ Coll Biosyst Engn & Food Sci 268 Kaixuan Rd Hangzhou 310029 Zhejiang Peoples R China Kansas State Univ Dept Agr & Biol Engn Manhattan KS 66502 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819464821

In a machine vision-based guidance system, a camera must be corrected precisely to calculate the position of vehicle, however, it is not easy to obtain the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the camera, while neural nets have the advantage to set up a mapping relationship for a nonlinear system. We intended to use the CMAC neural net to construct two map relationships: image coordinates and offsets of the vehicle, and image coordinates and the heading angle of the vehicle. The net inputs were the coordinates of top and bottom points in the detected guidance line in the image coordinate system. The outputs were offsets and heading angles. The verified results show that the RMS of inferred offset is 10.5 mm, and the STD is 11.3 mm;the RMS of inferred heading is 1.1 degrees, and the STD is 0.99 degrees.

关键词： CMAC neural net machine vision positioning system guidance

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The 21TH Annual intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition: Robotists for the Future

The 21TH Annual Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition: Robo...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXXI - algorithms and techniques

作者： Theisen, Bernard L. US Army TARDEC Warren MI 48397 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819499424

The intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) is one of four, unmanned systems, student competitions that were founded by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI). The IGVC is a multidisciplinary exercise in product realization that challenges college engineering student teams to integrate advanced control theory, machine vision, vehicular electronics and mobile platform fundamentals to design and build an unmanned system. Teams from around the world focus on developing a suite of dual-use technologies to equip ground vehicles of the future with intelligent driving capabilities. Over the past 21 years, the competition has challenged undergraduate, graduate and Ph.D. students with real world applications in intelligent transportation systems, the military and manufacturing automation. To date, teams from over 80 universities and colleges have participated. This paper describes some of the applications of the technologies required by this competition and discusses the educational benefits. The primary goal of the IGVC is to advance engineering education in intelligent vehicles and related technologies. The employment and professional networking opportunities created for students and industrial sponsors through a series of technical events over the four-day competition are highlighted. Finally, an assessment of the competition based on participation is presented.

关键词： intelligent robots autonomous systems ground vehicles vehicle control engineering education IGVC.

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Optimizing a Mobile Robot Control System using GPU Acceleration

Optimizing a Mobile Robot Control System using GPU Accelerat...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXIX - algorithms and techniques

作者： Tuck, Nat McGuinness, Michael Martin, Fred Univ Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA 01854 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819489487

This paper describes our attempt to optimize a robot control program for the intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) by running computationally intensive portions of the system on a commodity graphics processing unit (GPU). The IGVC Autonomous Challenge requires a control program that performs a number of different computationally intensive tasks ranging from computer vision to path planning. For the 2011 competition our Robot Operating System (ROS) based control system would not run comfortably on the multicore CPU on our custom robot platform. The process of profiling the ROS control program and selecting appropriate modules for porting to run on a GPU is described. A GPU-targeting compiler, Bacon, is used to speed up development and help optimize the ported modules. The impact of the ported modules on overall performance is discussed. We conclude that GPU optimization can free a significant amount of CPU resources with minimal effort for expensive user-written code, but that replacing heavily-optimized library functions is more difficult, and a much less efficient use of time.

关键词： robotics stereo vision GPU acceleration

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The Design and Results of an Algorithm for intelligent Ground Vehicles

The Design and Results of an Algorithm for Intelligent Groun...

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27th Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision: algorithms and techniques

作者： Duncan, Matthew Milam, Justin Tote, Caleb Riggins, Robert N. Bluefield State Coll Bluefield WV USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819479327

This paper addresses the design, design method, test platform, and test results of an algorithm used in autonomous navigation for intelligent vehicles. The Bluefield State College (BSC) team created this algorithm for its 2009 intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) robot called Anassa V. The BSC robotics team is comprised of undergraduate computer science, engineering technology, marketing students, and one robotics faculty advisor. The team has participated in IGVC since the year 2000. A major part of the design process that the BSC team uses each year for IGVC is a fully documented "Post-IGVC Analysis." Over the nine years since 2000, the lessons the students learned from these analyses have resulted in an ever-improving, highly successful autonomous algorithm. The algorithm employed in Anassa V is a culmination of past successes and new ideas, resulting in Anassa V earning several excellent IGVC 2009 performance awards, including third place overall. The paper will discuss all aspects of the design of this autonomous robotic system, beginning with the design process and ending with test results for both simulation and real environments.

关键词： Robot intelligent Ground Vehicle Sensor Integration vision System Mapping IGVC Path Planning

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Motion control design of the BEARCAT II mobile robot

Motion control design of the BEARCAT II mobile robot

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XVIII - algorithms, techniques, and Active vision

作者： Cao, M Liao, XQ Hall, E Univ Cincinnati Ctr Robot Res Cincinnati OH 45221 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819434302

Motion control is one of the most critical factors in the design of a robot. The purpose of this paper is to describe the research for applying motion control principles for a mobile robot systems design, which is on going at the University of Cincinnati Robotics Center. The mobile robot was constructed during the 1998-1999 academic year, and called BEARCAT II. Its design has inherited many features of its predecessor, BEARCAT I, such as vision guidance, sonar detection and digital control. In addition, BEARCAT II achieved many innovative motion control features as rotating sonar, zero turning radius (ZTR), current control loop, and multi-level controller design (conventional control and fuzzy logic control). This paper will focus on the motion control design, development and programming for the vehicle steering control and rotating sonar systems. The systems have been constructed and tested at the 1999 International Ground Robotics Competition with the Bearcat II running an obstacle course for 153.5 feet and finishing fourth in the competition. The significance of this work is in the increased understanding of robot control and the potential application of autonomous guided vehicle technology for industry, defense and medicine. Keywords: Motion control, motion behavior, compensation, mobile robots.

关键词： Control systems Motion controllers Amplifiers computer programming Mobile robots Robotics Safety Vehicle control Control systems design Fuzzy logic

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Development of dog-like retrieving capability in a ground robot

Development of dog-like retrieving capability in a ground ro...

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXX - algorithms and techniques

作者： MacKenzie, Douglas C. Ashok, Rahul Rehg, James M. Witus, Gary Mobile Intelligence Corp 13620 Merriman Rd Livonia MI 48150 USA Georgia Inst Technol Coll Comp Atlanta GA 30332 USA Turing Assoc Ann Arbor MI 48103 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819494351

This paper presents the Mobile Intelligence Team's approach to addressing the CANINE outdoor ground robot competition. The competition required developing a robot that provided retrieving capabilities similar to a dog, while operating fully autonomously in unstructured environments. The vision team consisted of Mobile Intelligence, the Georgia Institute of Technology, and Wayne State University. Important computer vision aspects of the project were the ability to quickly learn the distinguishing characteristics of novel objects, searching images for the object as the robot drove a search pattern, identifying people near the robot for safe operations, correctly identify the object among distractors, and localizing the object for retrieval. The classifier used to identify the objects will be discussed, including an analysis of its performance, and an overview of the entire system architecture presented. A discussion of the robot's performance in the competition will demonstrate the system's successes in real-world testing.

关键词： CANINE object recognition computer vision unmanned ground vehicle autonomy

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IMAGE-CODING AND IMAGE ACTIVITY MEASUREMENT 12

IMAGE-CODING AND IMAGE ACTIVITY MEASUREMENT

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12th Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision: algorithms and techniques

作者： KEISSARIAN, F IBRAHIM, MK DAEMI, MF UNIV NOTTINGHAM DEPT COMP SCIRECOGNIT ENGN GRPNOTTINGHAM NG7 2RDENGLAND

ISBN: (纸本)0819413208

In this paper, a novel image analysis technique is proposed, which may be performed prior to coding in order to decide what is the most significant information to encode. In the proposed system, the image to be coded is first partitioned into a large number of sub-blocks of N*N pixels. The blocks can then be stored into two major classes according to the level of the visual activity present. The classification is based on analyzing the local histogram within each sub-block. In this paper, we initially analyze the image blocks to separate uniform blocks from those that can be classified as non-uniform blocks. Adjacent uniform blocks with the same statistics are merged to form large blocks. These blocks can then be coded by their mean values. It is also shown that the non-uniform blocks may also be classified into three categories with different levels of activity.

关键词： Image compression Image quality Image analysis computer vision technology Machine vision Robot vision robots Image processing Statistical analysis Image transmission

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A modular real-time vision module for humanoid robots

A modular real-time vision module for humanoid robots

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Conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXIX - algorithms and techniques

作者： Trifan, Alina Neves, Antonio J. R. Lau, Nuno Cunha, Bernardo Univ Aveiro IEETA DETI P-3810193 Aveiro Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9780819489487

Robotic vision is nowadays one of the most challenging branches of robotics. In the case of a humanoid robot, a robust vision system has to provide an accurate representation of the surrounding world and to cope with all the constraints imposed by the hardware architecture and the locomotion of the robot. Usually humanoid robots have low computational capabilities that limit the complexity of the developed algorithms. Moreover, their vision system should perform in real time, therefore a compromise between complexity and processing times has to be found. This paper presents a reliable implementation of a modular vision system for a humanoid robot to be used in color-coded environments. From image acquisition, to camera calibration and object detection, the system that we propose integrates all the functionalities needed for a humanoid robot to accurately perform given tasks in color-coded environments. The main contributions of this paper are the implementation details that allow the use of the vision system in real-time, even with low processing capabilities, the innovative self-calibration algorithm for the most important parameters of the camera and its modularity that allows its use with different robotic platforms. Experimental results have been obtained with a NAO robot produced by Aldebaran, which is currently the robotic platform used in the RoboCup Standard Platform League, as well as with a humanoid build using the Bioloid Expert Kit from Robotis. As practical examples, our vision system can be efficiently used in real time for the detection of the objects of interest for a soccer playing robot (ball, field lines and goals) as well as for navigating through a maze with the help of color-coded clues. In the worst case scenario, all the objects of interest in a soccer game, using a NAO robot, with a single core 500Mhz processor, are detected in less than 30ms. Our vision system also includes an algorithm for self-calibration of the camera parameters as well

关键词： Robotics robotic soccer computer vision object recognition humanoid robots color classification

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