This paper analyzes the issues involved in developing an intelligent production control system. It describes the basic characteristics of a production control system and an effective design methodology to realize the ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819410268
This paper analyzes the issues involved in developing an intelligent production control system. It describes the basic characteristics of a production control system and an effective design methodology to realize the production control functions. Petri net, subsystem and hierarchical control concepts are applied to a computer integrated material handling system (MHS). Some communication and interface requirements of the MHS are also considered in this paper. The control system solution is illustrated with an actual MHS operation case which indicates that a truly flexible and integrated production system can be realized with a Petri net operation model and a hierarchical control structure. The significance of this work is related to the different operation testing and evaluation requirements encountered in manufacturing.
The selection and placement of cameras and light sources for a specific task (e.g., locating a part in a tray or inspecting an object) is one of the most important steps in creating a successful vision system, because...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819410276
The selection and placement of cameras and light sources for a specific task (e.g., locating a part in a tray or inspecting an object) is one of the most important steps in creating a successful vision system, because obtaining high-quality images can greatly simplify the visionalgorithms and improve their reliability. We will describe techniques that use a visual task description stated in terms of features to be detected, and derive a range of light-source locations that satisfy the task requirements. In particular, given a task description that specifies particular object edges to be detected with a given edge detector (e.g., a Sobel edge operator), our techniques determine the constraints on light-source location such that the edge is detected.
The field of computervision has long been interested in disparity as the cue for the correspondence between stereo images. The other cue to correspondence, blur, and the fact that vergence is a combination of the two...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819410268
The field of computervision has long been interested in disparity as the cue for the correspondence between stereo images. The other cue to correspondence, blur, and the fact that vergence is a combination of the two processes, accommodative vergence and disparity vergence, have not been equally appreciated. Following the methodology of active vision that allows the observer to control all his visual parameters, it is quite natural to take advantage of the powerful combination of these two processes. In this article, we try to elucidate such an integration and briefly analyze the cooperation and competition between accommodative vergence and disparity vergence on one hand and disparity and blur stimuli on the other hand. The human fixation mechanism is used as a guide-line and some virtues of this mechanism are used to implement a model for vergence in isolation. Finally, some experimental results are reported.
This paper describes work in progress on a set of visual routines and supporting capabilities implemented on the PRISM-3 real-time vision system. The routines are used in an outdoor robot retrieval task. The task requ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819410268
This paper describes work in progress on a set of visual routines and supporting capabilities implemented on the PRISM-3 real-time vision system. The routines are used in an outdoor robot retrieval task. The task requires the robot to locate a donor agent - a Hero2000 - which holds the object to be retrieved, to navigate to the donor, to accept the object from the donor, and return to its original location. The routines described here will form an integral part of the navigation and wide-area search tasks. Active perception is exploited to locate the donor using real-time stereo ranging directed by a pan/tilt/verge mechanism. A framework for orchestrating visual search has been implemented and is briefly described.
This paper describes an active vision system which employs two high-resolution cameras for image acquisition. The system is capable of automatically directing movements of the cameras so that camera positioning and im...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819410268
This paper describes an active vision system which employs two high-resolution cameras for image acquisition. The system is capable of automatically directing movements of the cameras so that camera positioning and image acquisition are tightly coupled with visual processing. The system was developed as a research tool and is largely based on off-the-shelf components. A central workstation controls imaging parameters, which include five degrees of freedom for camera positioning (tilt, pan, translation, and independent vergence) and six degrees of freedom for the control of two motorized lenses (focus, aperture, and zoom). This paper is primarily concerned with describing the hardware of the system, the imaging model, and the calibration method employed. A brief description of system software is also given.
We consider morphological processing for clutter reduction and object detection. For detection, we compare a binary and gray-scale Hit-Miss Transform and find that the binary operator is preferable. For clutter reduct...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819410268
We consider morphological processing for clutter reduction and object detection. For detection, we compare a binary and gray-scale Hit-Miss Transform and find that the binary operator is preferable. For clutter reduction, we find gray-scale morphology to be preferable. We present a new gray-scale clutter reduction morphological algorithm for low clutter cases and a new algorithm for high clutter cases. In all morphological processing, we find binary structuring elements to be adequate;this is very attractive for our gray-scale morphology decomposition algorithm and its optical implementation.
Before addressing the problem of visual recognition, we need to understand what the result of visual cognition is: What is new in memory after a scene has been understood? For an agent that is to interact with the sce...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819410268
Before addressing the problem of visual recognition, we need to understand what the result of visual cognition is: What is new in memory after a scene has been understood? For an agent that is to interact with the scene, the most important result of visual understanding is an analysis of the causal structure of the scene: How motion is originated, constrained, and prevented, and what will happen in the immediate future. With respect to the agent's goals, such an understanding describes the scene in terms of its functional properties - how the agent may interact with the scene. In order to arrive at such an understanding, a robot must have a sophisticated theory of how the world is designed. We discuss some of the consequences of this view for the construction of purposeful vision systems, and show examples from our own work in the understanding of complex scenes.
Much of the recent interest in active vision has focussed on the development of novel methods for controlling fast pan/tilt camera mounts, called eye-head systems. Simple real-time processing of input images coupled w...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819410268
Much of the recent interest in active vision has focussed on the development of novel methods for controlling fast pan/tilt camera mounts, called eye-head systems. Simple real-time processing of input images coupled with fast control has enabled interesting system behaviors. This paper describes the ongoing development of behavior-based control methods for a miniature eye-head system. We first describe the eye-head hardware and image processing system. We then define and present approaches for behavior-based control of the eye-head system. Finally, we discuss results from the use of simple behaviors for verging two cameras on moving objects.
We describe a real-time vision contest that took place in January 1992 at the MIT AI lab. The task was high speed visual navigation along a 60 foot winding indoor course. The computational power available was a conven...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819410268
We describe a real-time vision contest that took place in January 1992 at the MIT AI lab. The task was high speed visual navigation along a 60 foot winding indoor course. The computational power available was a conventional Sun Sparcstation 1 with a Sun color framegrabber. The imaging device was a standard color Pulnix CCD camera with an auto iris 4.8 mm lens. The robot base was a commercial B12 mobile robot from Real World Interface. The winning entry completed the course in 1:07 minutes about three times faster than a human controlling the robot using the same video input. Approximately ten person days of work was required to program an entry that would complete the course.
When the image of a moving object is equal in luminance with the background, we observe a startling change in both its apparent motion and its three-dimensional position in space. If we use biological vision as a guid...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819410268
When the image of a moving object is equal in luminance with the background, we observe a startling change in both its apparent motion and its three-dimensional position in space. If we use biological vision as a guide for the construction of machine vision systems, this perceptual phenomenon has profound implications. Motion information can be used in a variety of visual tasks such as detection, calibration, guided movement, navigation, and recognition. Human performance at equiluminance suggests that navigation uses motion information heavily and that for recognition, motion plays only a role such as separating figure from ground or grossly defining surface in space. Equiluminant motion perception cannot tell us much about detection, calibration, or guided movement tasks. We demonstrate an adaptive model of motion perception which presents similar equiluminant responses.
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