A key capability of any indoor service robot is to explore arbitrary, unknown environments in order to record a complete and correct map in minimal time. Such a map is a prerequisite of common tasks like surveillance,...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789897581984
A key capability of any indoor service robot is to explore arbitrary, unknown environments in order to record a complete and correct map in minimal time. Such a map is a prerequisite of common tasks like surveillance, transportation as well as search and rescue. In recent years a series of solutions has been proposed by the authors: a dynamic enhancement of the frontier-based approach, ground plan-based exploration and a hybrid combination of both. This paper evaluates the performance of each of these strategies within an everyday office scenario in simulation and reality and discusses their pros and cons.
Path planning and obstacle avoidance algorithms are requested for robots working in more and more complicated environments. Standard methods usually reduce these tasks to the search of a path composed from lines and c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789728865832
Path planning and obstacle avoidance algorithms are requested for robots working in more and more complicated environments. Standard methods usually reduce these tasks to the search of a path composed from lines and circles or the planning is executed only with respect to a local neighborhood of the robot. Sophisticated techniques allow to find more natural trajectories for mobile robots, but applications are often limited to the offline case. The novel hierarchical method presented in this paper is able to find a long path in a huge environment with several thousand obstacles in real time. The solution, consisting of multiple cubic splines, is optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization with respect to execution time and safeness. The generated spline paths result in smooth trajectories which can be followed effectively by nonholonomic robots. The developed algorithm was intensively tested in various simulations and statistical results were used to determine crucial parameters. Qualities of the method were verified by comparing the method with a simple PSO path planning approach.
In this work, we describe an energy-based control method for under-actuated soft manipulators. The continuous dynamics of the soft robot are modeled by the differential geometry of Cosserat beams. Through a finite-dim...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789897585227
In this work, we describe an energy-based control method for under-actuated soft manipulators. The continuous dynamics of the soft robot are modeled by the differential geometry of Cosserat beams. Through a finite-dimensional truncation, a reduced port-Hamiltonian model is obtained that preserves desirable passivity conditions. Exploiting the passivity, we propose a stabilizing energy-shaping controller that ensures the potential energy is minimal at the desired end-effector configuration. Finally, the effectiveness of the energy-based controller is demonstrated through simulations of a soft manipulator inspired by the tentacle of an octopus.
In certain robot applications, path planning has to be viewed, not only from a motion perspective, but also from a process perspective. In 3-dimensional Friction Stir Welding (FSW) a properly planned path is essential...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789728865832
In certain robot applications, path planning has to be viewed, not only from a motion perspective, but also from a process perspective. In 3-dimensional Friction Stir Welding (FSW) a properly planned path is essential for the outcome of the process, even though different control loops compensate for various deviations. One such example is how sharp path intersection is handled, which is the emphasis in this paper. We propose a strategy based on Hermite and Bezier curves, by which G(1) continuity is obtained. The blending operation includes an optimization strategy in order to avoid high second order derivatives of the blending polynomials, yet still to cover as much as possible of the original path.
This article describes the development of a methodology for the learning of visual and reactive behaviours using reinforcement learning. With the use of artificial vision the environment is perceived in 3D, and it is ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789728865832
This article describes the development of a methodology for the learning of visual and reactive behaviours using reinforcement learning. With the use of artificial vision the environment is perceived in 3D, and it is possible to avoid obstacles that are invisible to other sensors that are more common in mobile robotics. Reinforcement learning reduces the need for intervention in behaviour design, and simplifies its adjustment to the environment, the robot and the task. The designed methodology is intended to be general;thus, in order to change the desired behaviour, only the reinforcement and the filtering of the image need to be changed. For the definition of the reinforcement a laser sensor is used, and for the definition of the states a fixed 3x3 grid is used. The behaviours learned were wall following, object following, corridor following and platform following. Results are presented with a Pioneer 2 AT. A Gazebo 3D simulator was used for the Learning and testing phase, and a test of the wall following behaviour was carried out in a real environment.
In this paper we address the problem of dot painting on a wall by a quadrotor Micro Air Vehicle (MAV), using on-board low cost sensors (monocular camera and IMU) for localization. A method is proposed to cope with unc...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789897583803
In this paper we address the problem of dot painting on a wall by a quadrotor Micro Air Vehicle (MAV), using on-board low cost sensors (monocular camera and IMU) for localization. A method is proposed to cope with uncertainties on the initial positioning of the MAV with respect to the wall and to deal with walls composed of multiple segments. This method is based on an online estimation algorithm that makes use of information of physical contacts detected by the drone during the flight to improve the positioning accuracy of the painted dots. Simulation results are presented to assess quantitatively the efficiency of the proposed approaches.
The paper deals with adaptive control system of multilink manipulator. This system taking into account power restriction of executive elements is capable to set to the gripper the greatest possible speed at spatial tr...
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This paper reviews the design and development of a human arm-like mechanical manipulator, which is the basis of research currently being undertaken at Lancaster University, in order to address the complex tasks found ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9728865600
This paper reviews the design and development of a human arm-like mechanical manipulator, which is the basis of research currently being undertaken at Lancaster University, in order to address the complex tasks found in the rapidly expanding field of nuclear decommissioning. The requirements of multi-arm robot architecture for use in decommissioning tasks are discussed. The manipulators are integrated to work cooperatively and perform similar functions to humans in both scale and dexterity. The role that automation and robotics can play in enabling quicker demolition and at the same time reducing the exposure of workers to harmful radiation is examined. The key issues surrounding radioactive materials and safe dose levels are explained. The different stages of a particular system engineering process are outlined together with the essential physical steps. The paper will conclude by identifying the compliance of the system engineering used here with the requirements of designing a multi-arm robot.
We believe it is possible to create the visual subsystem needed for the RoboCup 2050 challenge - a soccer match between humans and robots - within the next decade. In this position paper, we argue, that the basic tech...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789898111319
We believe it is possible to create the visual subsystem needed for the RoboCup 2050 challenge - a soccer match between humans and robots - within the next decade. In this position paper, we argue, that the basic techniques are available, but the main challenge will be to achieve the necessary robustness. We propose to address this challenge through the use of probabilistically modeled context, so for instance a visually indistinct circle is accepted as the ball, if it fits well with the ball's motion model and vice versa. Our vision is accompanied by a sequence of (partially already conducted) experiments for its verification. In these experiments, a human soccer player carries a helmet with a camera and an inertial sensor and the vision system has to extract all information from that data, a humanoid robot would need to take the human's place.
This paper describes some simple but useful computer vision techniques for human-robot interaction. First, an omnidirectional camera setting is described that can detect people in the surroundings of the robot, giving...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789728865832
This paper describes some simple but useful computer vision techniques for human-robot interaction. First, an omnidirectional camera setting is described that can detect people in the surroundings of the robot, giving their angular positions and a rough estimate of the distance. The device can be easily built with inexpensive components. Second, we comment on a color-based face detection technique that can alleviate skin-color false positives. Third, a person tracking and recognition system is described. Finally, a simple head nod and shake detector is described, suitable for detecting affirmative/negative, approval/disapproval, understanding/disbelief head gestures.
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