There are two basic electronic signature scenarios involving an individual signing a digital document: by means of her private key and qualified certificate stored on a qualified cryptographic device (usually an USB t...
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Although a single open-loop electrical stimulation system has achieved relatively good results in the field of rehabilitation treatment, it does not meet people's requirements in terms of comfort, effectiveness, a...
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One of the main trends in the electricity sector today is the optimization of the use of electricity. A modern approach to this problem is the introduction of automated control systems that increase the energy efficie...
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The transformation of traditional electric power systems into smart grids has allowed for improved monitoring and control capabilities. However, this evolution has also brought about new challenges in the form of malw...
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Where traditional motorways contain hard shoulders to provide refuge for broken-down vehicles, smart motorways instead use live outer lane to ease congestion. The live lanes can be closed due to accidents or breakdown...
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This work aims at analyzing the effect of both Ag middle layer and annealing effects on the structural, optical and electrical properties of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin-films. In this framework, AZO/Ag/AZO tri-layers were...
This work aims at analyzing the effect of both Ag middle layer and annealing effects on the structural, optical and electrical properties of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin-films. In this framework, AZO/Ag/AZO tri-layers were deposited on glass substrates using RF magnetron sputtering technique. Structural, optical and electrical characterizations were carried out using XRD, UV-Vis Spectrophotometry and Hall measurements, respectively. The obtained XRD patterns demonstrated the enhanced crystallinity of the annealed AZO/Ag/AZO multilayer structure. In addition, transmittance spectra of prepared samples revealed the enhanced visible transparency of the annealed structure, showing a high average transparency of 85%. It is found also that the use of annealing and Ag middle layer can enlarge the band gap (3.53 eV). This is attributed to the increase of the free charge carrier, which can shift the Fermi Level. electrical characterizations demonstrate that annealing process can modulate the electrical properties of the AZO/Ag/AZO thin-film, offering a high mobility of 17 cm 2 /Vs and a favorable sheet-resistance of 46 Ω/eq. Therefore, the present study can provide guidelines for the fabrication of alternative buffer layer, which can be appropriate for various thin-film solar cell technologies.
The manufacturing industry plays a vital role in economic development. It is the basis of the country's real economy and an essential tool for ensuring its smooth economic growth. As a fundamental part of the manu...
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The paper presents a new single-phase Dual-Mode Active Neutral Point-Clamped Five-Level (ANPC-5L) inverter for Renewable applications. It overcomes the shortcoming of ANPC multilevel converters proposed in the recent ...
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With the development of Industry 4.0 in manufacturing, new technologies such as big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing, have been widely deployed to production practice for performance evalua...
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Accurate turning movement counts at intersections are important for signal control, traffic management and urban planning. Computer vision systems for automatic turning movement counts typically rely on visual analysi...
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