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international conference on VLSI Design

作者： Debashis Panigrahi Carla Chiasserini Sujit Dey Ramesh Rao Anand Raghunathan Kanishka Lahiri Dept. of Electrical and Computer Eng. University of California San Diego CA Dipartimento di Electtronica Politecnico di Torino Italy NEC USA C & C Research Labs Princeton NJ

ISBN: (纸本)0769508316

Since battery life directly impacts the extent and duration of mobility, one of the key considerations in the design of a mobile embedded system should be to maximize the energy delivered by the battery, and hence the battery lifetime. To facilitate exploration of alternative implementations for a mobile embedded system, in this paper we address the issue of developing a fast and accurate battery model, and providing a framework for battery life estimation of Hardware/Software (HW/SW) embedded systems. We introduce a stochastic model of a battery, which can simultaneously model two key phenomena affecting the battery life and the amount of energy that can be delivered by the battery: the rate capacity effect and the recovery effect. We model the battery behavior mathematically in terms of parameters that can be related to physical characteristics of the electro-chemical cell. We show how this model can be used for battery life estimation of a HW/SW embedded system, by calculating battery discharge demand waveforms using a power co-estimation technique. Based on the discharge demand, the battery model estimates the battery lifetime as well as the delivered energy. Application of the battery life estimation methodology to three system implementations of an example TCP/IP network interface subsystem demonstrates that different system architectures can have significantly different delivered energy and battery lifetimes.

关键词： Batteries Life estimation embedded system Power system modeling Hardware embedded software Stochastic processes Mathematical model Lifetime estimation TCPIP

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A general framework for formalizing UML with formal languages

A general framework for formalizing UML with formal language...

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international conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)

作者： W.E. McUmber B.H.C. Cheng Department of Computer Science and Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769510507

Informal and graphical modeling techniques enable developers to construct abstract representations of systems. Object-oriented modeling techniques further facilitate the development process. The Unified modeling Language (UML), an object-oriented modeling approach, could be broad enough in scope to represent a variety of domains and gain widespread use. Currently, UML comprises several different notations with no formal semantics attached to the individual diagrams. Therefore, it is not possible to apply rigorous automated analysis or to execute a UML model in order to test its behavior: short of writing code and performing exhaustive testing. We introduce a general framework for formalizing a subset of UML diagrams in terms of different formal languages based on a homomorphic mapping between meta models describing UML and the formal language. This framework enables the construction of a consistent set of rules for transforming UML models into specifications in the formal language. The resulting specifications derived from UML diagrams enable either execution through simulation or analysis through model checking, using existing tools. This paper describes the use of this framework for formalisms UML to model and analyze embedded systems. A prototype system for generating the formal specifications and results from an industrial case study are also described.

关键词： Unified modeling language Formal languages Object oriented modeling Automatic testing Performance analysis Writing Performance evaluation Analytical models embedded system Prototypes

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Presenting systems concepts in Physiology and Pharmacology with simulation applets in Java

Presenting systems concepts in Physiology and Pharmacology w...

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Annual international conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： J.M. Kootsey G. McAuley Hua Liu Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Loma Linda University Loma Linda CA USA

Java simulation applets solving equations for system models have been constructed for teaching system behavior in Pharmacology and Physiology. The applets are intended to be included in Web pages with text and other illustrations for use in the classroom or in self-study lessons. Students can experiment with the system by changing selected model parameters with sliders, immediately observing the resulting changes in system behavior. Several applet presentations are constructed for a model, each presentation designed for a different learning objective by displaying a subset of output variables and making a subset of parameters available for adjustment. Presentations may include control buttons, a graph for output display, sliders to adjust parameters, a legend table comparing parameter settings for multiple experiments, and an animation of the model linked to the calculations. The applet design is highly modular to facilitate replication with different models. Two architectures were tested and compared: 1) a single applet containing all the functions listed above embedded as a single unit in the Web page and 2) a cluster of individual applets of different functional types (control buttons, graph, sliders, etc.) distributed over the Web page and linked by a control object having no visible interface.

关键词： Physiology Java Education Computational modeling Web pages Mathematical model Differential equations Animation Service oriented architecture Packaging

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Diagnosis of sensor networks

Diagnosis of sensor networks

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IEEE international conference on Communications (ICC)

作者： C. Jaikaeo C. Srisathapornphat C.-C. Shen Computer and Information Sciences University of Delaware Newark DE USA

As sensor nodes are embedded into physical environments and becoming integral parts of our daily lives, sensor networks will become the important nerve systems that monitor and actuate our physical environments. We define the process of monitoring the status of a sensor network and figuring out the problematic sensor nodes sensor network diagnosis. However, the high sensor node-to-manager ratio makes it extremely difficult to pay special attention to any individual node. In addition, the response implosion problem, which occurs when a high volume of incoming replies triggered by diagnosis queries cause the central diagnosing node to become a bottleneck, is one major obstacle to be overcome. We describe approaches to addressing the response implosion problem in sensor network diagnosis. We also present simulation experiments on the performance of these approaches, and discuss presentation schemes for diagnostic results.

关键词： Sensor phenomena and characterization Sensor systems computerized monitoring Computational modeling Wireless communication computer network management Biomedical monitoring Image sensors Humans Biomedical imaging

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Endpoint admission control: network based approach

Endpoint admission control: network based approach

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international conference on Distributed Computing systems

作者： Byung Kyu Choi R. Bettati Department of Computer Science Texas A and M University College Station TX USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769510779

Proposes a network-based endpoint admission control system for scalable QoS-guaranteed real-time communication services. This system is based on a sink tree-based resource management strategy and is particularly well-suited for differentiated services-based architectures. By performing the admission decision at the endpoints, the flow setup latency and the signaling overhead are kept to a minimum. In addition, the proposed system integrates routing and resource reservation along the routes, and therefore displays higher admission probability and better link resource utilization. This approach achieves a low overall admission control overhead because much of the delay computation is done during system configuration, and so resources can effectively be pre-allocated before run time. We investigate a number of resource-sharing approaches that allow resources to be efficiently re-allocated at run time with minimized additional overhead. We provide simulation experiments that illustrate the benefits of using sink tree-based resource management for resource pre-allocation and for routing, both with and without resource sharing.

关键词： Admission control Resource management Intserv networks Bandwidth Routing Scalability computer science Real time systems Delay effects Computational modeling

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Integrated meso-microscale traffic simulation of hierarchical AHS control architectures

Integrated meso-microscale traffic simulation of hierarchica...

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international conference on Intelligent Transportation

作者： L. Munoz G. Gomes Jingang Yi C. Toy R. Horowitz L. Alvarez University of California Berkeley CA USA Universidad Nacional Auténoma de México Horowitz Italy

A recently developed meso-microscale traffic simulator allows a stationary region of micro-simulation to be defined within a larger, meso-simulated automated highway system (AHS). This simulator permits analysis of traffic behavior in situations where both microscopic (vehicle-level) and mesoscopic (aggregate flow) effects are important, while avoiding the prohibitive computational cost of microsimulating a large-scale AHS. This paper describes the software structure of the meso-micro simulator, which implements the PATH AHS control architecture. simulation results indicate that the meso-micro simulator generates consistent traffic flows across both meso and micro-simulated regions.

关键词： Traffic control Automated highways Computational modeling Analytical models Microscopy Aggregates Computational efficiency Large-scale systems Automatic control computer architecture

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A hybrid intelligent system for medical diagnosis

A hybrid intelligent system for medical diagnosis

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international Joint conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： P. Meesad G.G. Yen School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Intelligent Systems and Control Laboratory Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780370449

We propose a novel hybrid intelligent system (HIS) that is a combination of numerical and linguistic knowledge representation. The proposed HIS is a hierarchical integration of an incremental learning fuzzy neural network (ILFN) and a fuzzy linguistic model optimized via the genetic algorithm. The ILFN is self-organizing network with the capability of fast, online, incremental learning. The linguistic model is constructed based on knowledge embedded in the trained ILFN. The knowledge captured from the low-level ILFN can be mapped to the higher-level linguistic model and vice versa. The GA is applied to optimize the linguistic model to maintain high accuracy and comprehensibility. The resulted HIS is capable of dealing with low-level numerical computation and higher-level linguistic computation. After the system completely constructed, it can incrementally learn new information in both numerical and linguistic structures. To evaluate the system's performance the well-known benchmark Wisconsin breast cancer data was studied as an application to medical diagnosis. The simulation results show that the proposed HIS perform better than the individual standalone systems.

关键词： Hybrid intelligent systems Medical diagnosis Fuzzy neural networks Knowledge representation Genetic algorithms Self-organizing networks System performance Breast cancer Computational modeling Medical simulation

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A study of memory system performance of multimedia applications 01

A study of memory system performance of multimedia applicati...

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Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems

作者： Sohum Sohoni Rui Min Zhiyong Xu Yiming Hu Operating Systems and Computer Architecture Laboratory Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science P.O. Box 210030 University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH

ISBN: (纸本)9781581133349

Multimedia applications are fast becoming one of the dominating workloads for modern computer systems. Since these applications normally have large data sets and little data-reuse, many researchers believe that they have poor memory behavior compared to traditional programs, and that current cache architectures cannot handle them well. It is therefore important to quantitatively characterize the memory behavior of these applications in order to provide insights for future design and research of memory systems. However, very few results on this topic have been published. This paper presents a comprehensive research on the memory requirements of a group of programs that are representative of multimedia applications. These programs include a subset of the popular MediaBench suite and several large multimedia programs running on the Linux, Windows NT and Tru UNIX operating systems. We performed extensive measurement and trace-driven simulation experiments. We then compared the memory utilization of these programs to that of SPECint95 applications. We found that multimedia applications actually have better memory behavior than SPECint95 programs. The high cache hit rates of multimedia applications can be contributed to the following three factors. Most multimedia applications apply block partitioning algorithms to the input data, and work on small blocks of data that easily fit into the cache. Secondly, within these blocks, there is significant data reuse as well as spatial locality. The third reason is that a large number of references generated by multimedia applications are to their internal data structures, which are relatively small and can also easily fit into reasonably-sized caches.

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A general framework for formalizing UML with formal languages 01

A general framework for formalizing UML with formal language...

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Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Software Engineering

作者： William E. McUmber Betty H. C. Cheng Department of Computer Science and Engineering Michigan State University 3115 Engineering Building East Lansing MI

ISBN: (纸本)9780769510507

Informal and graphical modeling techniques enable developers to construct abstract representations of systems. Object-oriented modeling techniques further facilitate the development process. The Unified modeling Language (UML), an object-oriented modeling approach, could be broad enough in scope to represent a variety of domains and gain widespread use. Currently, UML comprises several different notations with no formal semantics attached to the individual diagrams. Therefore, it is not possible to apply rigorous automated analysis or to execute a UML model in order to test its behavior, short of writing code and performing exhaustive testing. We introduce a general framework for formalizing a subset of UML diagrams in terms of different formal languages based on a homomorphic mapping between metamodels describing UML and the formal language. This framework enables the construction of a consistent set of rules for transforming UML models into specifications in the formal language. The resulting specifications derived from UML diagrams enable either execution through simulation or analysis through model checking, using existing tools. This paper describes the use of this framework for formalizing UML to model and analyze embedded systems. A prototype system for generating the formal specifications and results from an industrial case study are also described.

关键词： formal specifications

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Reuse-oriented design of embedded systems

International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Elec...

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international conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Electronic systems, Proceedings, KES 2000年 2卷 691-694页

作者： Monjau, Dieter Sporer, Mathias Chemnitz Univ of Technology Chemnitz Germany

This paper describes an object-oriented model and a reuse-oriented methodology for the co-design of embedded computer systems. Our approach is based on a hierarchy of classes which describes all possible specifications of systems of a certain domain, the behavior of hard- and software-components, and the target-architectures. The content of this knowledge base (re-usable, formalized descriptions) is determined by the analysis of known systems. We present solutions for a specification methodology, the modeling of heterogeneous systems by task graphs, and the mapping process from specified requirements down to hard- or software components in a target architecture. This approach is illustrated by functions of the domain of robot controls.

关键词： embedded systems

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