This paper presents a viability study on autonomous car driving in highways using low cost sensors for environment perception. The solution is based on a simple behaviour-based architecture implementing the standard p...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789728865832
This paper presents a viability study on autonomous car driving in highways using low cost sensors for environment perception. The solution is based on a simple behaviour-based architecture implementing the standard perception-to-action scheme. The perception of the surrounding environment is obtained through the construction of an occupancy grid based on the processing of data from a single video camera and a small number of ultrasound sensors. A finite automaton integrates a set of primitive behaviours defined after the typical human highway driving behaviors. The system was successfully tested in both simulations and in a laboratory environment using a mobile robot to emulate the car-like vehicle. The robot was able to navigate in an autonomous and safe manner, performing trajectories similar to the ones carried out by human drivers. The paper includes results on the perception obtained in a real highway that support the claim that low cost sensing can be effective in this problem.
Model-based control has become more and more popular in the legged robots community in the last ten years. The key idea is to exploit a model of the system to compute precise motor commands that result in the desired ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789897583049
Model-based control has become more and more popular in the legged robots community in the last ten years. The key idea is to exploit a model of the system to compute precise motor commands that result in the desired motion. This allows to improve the quality of the motion tracking, while using lower gains, leading so to higher compliance. However, the main flaw of this approach is typically its lack of robustness to modeling errors. In this paper we focus on the robustness of inverse-dynamics control to errors in the inertial parameters of the robot. We assume these parameters to be known, but only with a certain accuracy. We then propose a computationally-efficient optimization-based controller that ensures the balance of the robot despite these uncertainties. We used the proposed controller in simulation to perform different reaching tasks with the HRP-2 humanoid robot, in the presence of various modeling errors. Comparisons against a standard inverse-dynamics controller through hundreds of simulations show the superiority of the proposed controller in ensuring the robot balance.
In order to improve the reliability, stability and economy of power supply of a microgrid, some fundamental work on microgrid energy management method is carried out. Firstly, models of microgrid components under stea...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789897583803
In order to improve the reliability, stability and economy of power supply of a microgrid, some fundamental work on microgrid energy management method is carried out. Firstly, models of microgrid components under steady state are established in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Secondly, an operation cost function of microgrid is proposed, together with the constraint conditions. Then, in order to solve the energy management problem, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is declared by using m-files programming. The algorithm will be explained in chart flow and pseudo code. Finally, a simulation scenario is designed to show the good performance of this control method.
Catching requires the ability to predict the position and intercept a moving object at relatively high speeds. Because catching is a contact task, it requires an understanding of the interaction between the forces app...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789728865832
Catching requires the ability to predict the position and intercept a moving object at relatively high speeds. Because catching is a contact task, it requires an understanding of the interaction between the forces applied and position of the object being captured. The application of force to a mass results in a change in acceleration. The rate of change of acceleration is called jerk. Jerk causes wear on the manipulator over time and can also damage the object being captured. This paper uses a curve that asymptotes to zero gradient at +/- infinity to develop an impedance controller, to decelerate an object to a halt after it has been coupled with the end effector. It is found that this impedance control method minimizes the jerk that occurs during capture, and eliminates the jerk spikes that are existent when using spring dampers, springs or constant force to decelerate an object.
Small production companies frequently have only limited amount of customers, especially in country sides. To have more orders and to be more competitive, they need to cooperate and form Industrial Clusters. To manage ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789898565211
Small production companies frequently have only limited amount of customers, especially in country sides. To have more orders and to be more competitive, they need to cooperate and form Industrial Clusters. To manage Industrial Cluster, there should be firm Quality Management System. The current article proposes approach about handling that complicity, which is related to the Industrial Cluster Management.
This paper proposes an approach based upon local learning techniques and real-time parameter estimation, to tune an aircraft sideslip estimator using radial-basis neural networks, during a flight test. After a present...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789728865849
This paper proposes an approach based upon local learning techniques and real-time parameter estimation, to tune an aircraft sideslip estimator using radial-basis neural networks, during a flight test. After a presentation of the context, we recall the local model approach to radial-basis networks. The application to the estimation of the sideslip angle of an aircraft, is then described and the various results and analyses are detailled at the end before suggesting some improvement directions.
In this paper, a Sliding Mode control with chattering reduction based on reduced order model using Linear Quadratic Integral control as sliding surface, is implemented to One Degree of Freedom Vertical Take-Off Landin...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789897583049
In this paper, a Sliding Mode control with chattering reduction based on reduced order model using Linear Quadratic Integral control as sliding surface, is implemented to One Degree of Freedom Vertical Take-Off Landing System (VTOL). The controller performance is measured using Integral of the Square Error index by simulation and real tests. Finally, the Sliding Mode control with a Linear Quadratic Integral control as sliding surface performance for reference tracking and, robustness against VTOL system physical parameter uncertainties and external disturbances are verified by experimental results.
In the paper application of constrained predictive control to multi input, multi output system is presented. The method is based on feedback linearization and LQ control. Constraints of the system are implemented by i...
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This paper presents modeling and control of fluid pressure inside a mold in a press casting process using greensand molding as an innovative casting method. The defect-free manufactures of casting product in the press...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789728865832
This paper presents modeling and control of fluid pressure inside a mold in a press casting process using greensand molding as an innovative casting method. The defect-free manufactures of casting product in the press process are very important problem. Then, it is made clear that the press velocity control achieves to reduce the rapid increase of fluid pressure. A mathematical model of the molten metal's pressure in a casting mold is built by using a simplified mold and investigated the availability by comparison with the CFD model. A pattern of the press velocity from the high speed to the lower speed is derived by using the mathematical model. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed switching velocity control has been demonstrated through CFD computer simulations.
Urban search and rescue, reconnaissance, manufacturing, and team sports are all problem domains requiring multiple agents that are able to collaborate intelligently to achieve a team goal. In these domains task planni...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789728865825
Urban search and rescue, reconnaissance, manufacturing, and team sports are all problem domains requiring multiple agents that are able to collaborate intelligently to achieve a team goal. In these domains task planning and assignment can be challenging to robots and humans alike. In this paper we introduce a market-based distributed task planning algorithm that has been adapted for heterogeneous, tightly coordinated robots in domains with time deadlines. We also report the results of our experiments comparing the robots' decisions with the decisions produced by ten teams of humans performing an identical search and rescue task. The outcome provides insight into the types of problems for which information technology can add value by providing decision support for human problem solvers.
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