Flex-grid WSS filters embedded in Reconfigurable Add-Drop Multiplexers (ROADM) can selectively filter portions of the spectrum down to the GHz granularity enabling flexibility in optical channel add-drop operations. I...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783903176621;9798350351132
Flex-grid WSS filters embedded in Reconfigurable Add-Drop Multiplexers (ROADM) can selectively filter portions of the spectrum down to the GHz granularity enabling flexibility in optical channel add-drop operations. In this scenario, the signal's quality of transmission (QoT) can be severely impaired due to filters cascade by both single-sided (SS) and dual-sided (DS) passband narrowing, due to filters' deviation from nominal frequency or multi-carrier transceivers switching. We experimentally observe lower penalties in the SS filtering case and their interplay w.r.t. ASE noise placement. We also propose an experimental calibration method able to directly estimate the overall signal QoT degradation suitable to integration in digital twins' lightpath computation engines and network planners.
We examine various design aspects of a learned time-domain multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) Volterra-based equaliser and reveal their impact on the convergence and performance of the model. We show that appropria...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783903176621;9798350351132
We examine various design aspects of a learned time-domain multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) Volterra-based equaliser and reveal their impact on the convergence and performance of the model. We show that appropriate parameter initialisation is vital for the model's convergence and scalability to a higher number of channels. This design optimisation enables the first demonstration of a 7 x 7 operation of the MIMO algorithm at one step per span, achieving 1.5 dB effective signal-to-noise ratio improvement over single-channel nonlinear equalisation, hence significantly enhancing the transmission performance in a wavelength-division multiplexing scenario.
We propose a novel x-haul network architecture based on a Sub-Carrier Multiplexing-Reconfigurable optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (SCM-ROADM) fed by multiple 6G fronthaul links to Radio Units (RUs). The proposed innovati...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783903176621;9798350351132
We propose a novel x-haul network architecture based on a Sub-Carrier Multiplexing-Reconfigurable optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (SCM-ROADM) fed by multiple 6G fronthaul links to Radio Units (RUs). The proposed innovations allow the logical mesh interconnection of multiple RUs, utilizing lossless interlacers which are connected via a midhaul ring. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed SCM-ROADM for providing 1.2Tbps/lambda, thereby offering a cost-efficient, scalable and flexible solution for future 6G mobile networks.
The dynamic provisioning of network services across Data Centers (DCs) interconnected by an Elastic opticalnetwork (EON) remains a challenging problem, as it requires the orchestration of computing resources in DCs a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783903176621;9798350351132
The dynamic provisioning of network services across Data Centers (DCs) interconnected by an Elastic opticalnetwork (EON) remains a challenging problem, as it requires the orchestration of computing resources in DCs and spectrum resources on optical links. This work proposes a solution based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and Graph Neural networks (GNNs) for autonomous provisioning of network services over inter-DC EONs. The proposed solution includes a GNN to extract the topological features of the inter-DC EON network topology and a DRL agent for the simultaneous and efficient selection of the DCs to host the VNFs and the lightpaths supporting the connection between them. The experimental results show that the proposed solution achieves faster convergence and reward than another DRL-based solution in the training phase. Our proposed solution also outperforms a heuristic algorithm and the other DRL solution for provisioning network services on an inter-DC EON in terms of service blocking rate. Our proposed solution also reduces the service blocking rate compared to a heuristic algorithm and the other DRL solution.
This paper introduces a novel approach to optimizing dynamic Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) opticalnetworks by deploying optical Phase Conjugators (OPCs). opticalnetworks, central to modern communication inf...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783903176621;9798350351132
This paper introduces a novel approach to optimizing dynamic Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) opticalnetworks by deploying optical Phase Conjugators (OPCs). opticalnetworks, central to modern communication infrastructures, face significant challenges in managing signal impairments due to fiber dispersion and nonlinearity. These impairments often require extensive Digital Signal Processing (DSP), increasing operational costs and energy consumption. Our research proposes a new network architecture incorporating OPCs, utilizing midspan spectral inversion (MSSI) to mitigate these impairments effectively. The placement of OPCs is crucial, ideally at the mid-span of the signal path, to ensure complete all-optical dispersion and nonlinearity compensation. However, this presents a challenge in dynamic networks where link routes vary, affecting the distance from the mid-span and the associated equalizer requirements. Addressing this gap, our work provides a comprehensive analysis of a network architecture incorporating OPCs, which is used to reduce digital signal processing overhead while maintaining signal integrity. Through simulations of two network topologies, we explore the practical implications and trade-offs of OPC implementation. Our results highlight the potential of OPCs in enhancing network performance, particularly in reducing operational costs and energy consumption. This paper significantly contributes to the field by showcasing the feasibility and benefits of OPC integration in dynamic opticalnetworks, offering insights into creating more efficient and sustainable communication infrastructures.
We propose a novel networkdesign scheme which realizes programmable availability in photonic network to meet various KPIs of 5G/6G network slices. The scheme consists of novel FEC selection, data mapping, and route d...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783903176546
We propose a novel networkdesign scheme which realizes programmable availability in photonic network to meet various KPIs of 5G/6G network slices. The scheme consists of novel FEC selection, data mapping, and route diversity accommodation algorithms to achieve variable availability. We successfully confirmed programmable availability in numerical simulations in COST266 model network.
We propose global core ID assignment in spatial channel networks employing multicore fibers (MCFs) and discuss how to define and manage the polarity and mirror-induced horizontal flipping for MCF-based optical devices.
ISBN:
(纸本)9783903176546
We propose global core ID assignment in spatial channel networks employing multicore fibers (MCFs) and discuss how to define and manage the polarity and mirror-induced horizontal flipping for MCF-based optical devices.
We propose and numerically evaluate a machine-learning-based nonlinear interference spectrum estimator for a coherent opticalnetwork. The solution shows a root-mean-squared error of about 0.13 dB compared with split-...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783903176546
We propose and numerically evaluate a machine-learning-based nonlinear interference spectrum estimator for a coherent opticalnetwork. The solution shows a root-mean-squared error of about 0.13 dB compared with split-step Fourier simulation when estimating the nonlinear interference variance.
The open and disaggregated approach to optical transport networks has enabled the emergence of new service models such as optical Spectrum as a Service (OSaaS). In this service model, the Open Line System (OLS) operat...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783903176621
ISBN:
(纸本)9783903176621;9798350351132
The open and disaggregated approach to optical transport networks has enabled the emergence of new service models such as optical Spectrum as a Service (OSaaS). In this service model, the Open Line System (OLS) operators provide the spectral resources, allowing end-users to directly access the spectrum and operate their own transceivers over it. In commercial offerings, this service type is typically characterized by link distance, dedicated wavelength range, optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR), and Generalized OSNR. If the thresholds for the signal power spectral density are met, the OLS operator guarantees the OSaaS availability as agreed in the Service Level Agreement (SLA). When the assigned spectrum can be allocated in multiple consecutive operator domains, the end-to-end services within the OSaaS can traverse over thousands of kilometers, passing multiple network domains, fiber infrastructures, and countries. However, as detailed information about the physical infrastructure and commissioned OLS system is often considered business-critical information, the traversed OLSs appear as black boxes to the end-user. This paper examines the infrastructure, OLS, and transceiver-specific impact on the end-to-end service availability for OSaaS links between 9 and 8000 kilometers. The paper further investigates the accuracy of the link length estimations, using chromatic dispersion (CD) compensation data from 158 live transceivers, operated by four pan-European operators. The analyses show that infrastructure-related failures are dominant already in OSaaS links as short as 37.5 km. For the CD-based link length estimations, an average estimation error of 7.3 % compared to the actual link length was achieved, enabling link length-based availability estimations in OSaaS use-cases operated in black-box scenarios.
We present a ILP framework that can provide the defragmentation plan for a targeted portion of a production opticalnetwork, unblocking capacity through remote reconfigurations, thereby helping with retaining backbone...
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