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High SNR imaging of cerebral blood flow based on anisotropic diffusion

High SNR imaging of cerebral blood flow based on anisotropic...

引用

2012 5th international Conference on biomedical engineering and informatics, BMEI 2012

作者： Zhang, Qi Han, Chendong Miao, Peng Jiang, Jun Yan, Zhenguo School of Communication and Information Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai China School of Basic Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467311816

As a two-dimensional, high-resolution, minimal-invasive monitoring method, laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is widely used to measure the relative speed of cerebral blood flow (CBF) under different physiological and pathological states, i.e. before and after acupuncture. During the last decade, many improved methods (spatial, temporal, and several hybrid methods) for better estimating the contrast values have been proposed based on the updated theoretical explanation of speckle phenomenon. Temporal LSCI method is used to obtain high spatial resolution contrast image with limited temporal resolution. However, the temporal contrast image still contains much noise. There were very few studies of post-processing methods to further improve the SNR of contrast image. Based on the random property of speckle, characteristics of noise in tissue area and vessel areas are different and thus should be treated differently in smoothing and/or filtering when improving the SNR. In this study, we proposed to improve the SNR of contrast image based on anisotropic diffusion which de-noises the contrast image with local gradient information. Simulation and animal studies were presented to evaluate the SNR improvement of contrast image. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： signal to noise ratio

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Fusion of image and signal processing for the detection of obstructive sleep apnea

Fusion of image and signal processing for the detection of o...

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IEEE-EMBS international Conference on biomedical and Health informatics, BHI 2012. In Conj. with the 8th Int. Symp.on Medical Devices and Biosensors and the 7th Int. Symp. on biomedical and Health engineering

作者： Gederi, Elnaz Clifford, Gari D. Centre for Doctoral Training in Healthcare Innovation Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Institute of Biomedical Engineering Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781457721779

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome experience repeated periods of apnea and arousal during sleep. A condition which in short term leads to excessive daytime sleepiness and in the long term may have clinical consequences such as stroke and cardiovascular abnormalities. Although complex equipment can be used to screen for sleep apnea, the screening tests are often expensive, inconvenient for the patient, and time-consuming to be manually analysed. This research investigates methods for automating sleep apnea screening using low-cost off-body cameras. Polysomnography video recordings of twenty one patients, 11 with OSA, and 10 'normals' who were referred for suspected OSA, were analysed with the objective to differentiate the two groups. The proposed technique is based on motion estimation in videos using two successive video frames. The complexities of motion signals from the video data were analysed by calculating sample entropy over multiple time scales. The sample entropy values providing the best separation between the OSA and non-OSA groups were chosen using the Bhattacharyya distance and were then used as the input to a support vector machine classifier. The classification results both on the training and validation data indicate that patients with OSA can be differentiated from patients without OSA with 90% accuracy. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Motion estimation

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Evaluation of the cardiac global function from tagged magnetic resonance images

Evaluation of the cardiac global function from tagged magnet...

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international Symposia on Imaging and signal processing in Health Care and Technology, ISPHT 2012

作者： Sayed, Mona R. Fahmy, Ahmed S. Center for Informatics Science School of Communication and Information Technology Nile University Egypt Computer Science School of Computer and Information Helwan University Egypt Systems and Biomedical Engineering School of Engineering Cairo University Cairo Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9780889869202

Tagged Magnetic Resonance (MR) images are considered the gold standard for evaluating the cardiac regional function. Nevertheless, the low myocardium-to-blood contrast in tagged MR images prevents accurate segmentation of the myocardium, and hence, hinders the quantitative assessment of the global function of the heart. In this work, a method for enhancing the myocardium-to-blood contrast in tagged MR images is proposed. First, the tag pattern in each input tagged MR image is removed using technique based on the image texture and the frequency components of the tag pattern to produce two tagless images. Then, these two images are combined to obtain a tagless MR image with high blood-to-myocardium contrast. The proposed method is applied to five patients where the global functional parameters are calculated and compared to those calculated from standard untagged cine MR images of the same subject. The results show that the proposed method has a high potential to be used in evaluating the global functional parameters from tagged MR images.

关键词： Magnetic resonance

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Microwave radar imaging of inhomogeneous breast phantoms using circular holography

Microwave radar imaging of inhomogeneous breast phantoms usi...

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2012 9th IEEE international Symposium on biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro, ISBI 2012

作者： Flores-Tapia, Daniel Maizlish, Oleksandr Alabaster, Clive Pistorius, Stephen Division of Medical Physics CancerCare Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada Department of Mathematics University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada Department of Informatics and Systems Engineering Cranfield University Shrivenham United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada Department of Radiology University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781457718588

Circular holography is a novel reconstruction technique for Breast Microwave Radar (BMR) imaging. Compared to current state of the art BMR image formation methods, this reconstruction approach yields spatially accurate images with higher signal to noise ratios and no artifacts. Nevertheless, a preclinical study is required to assess the feasibility of this technique in realistic breast imaging scenarios. In this paper, a series of preliminary results showing the performance of circular holography on preclinical datasets are presented. These datasets were recorded from inhomogeneous breast phantoms that mimic the dielectric properties and the anatomy of the different breast tissues. These phantoms were fabricated using Magnetic Resonance (MR) images a base model to emulate the shape and volumes of dense tissue regions. The reconstructed BMR images show that tumor and fibroglandular tissue responses can be effectively distinguished, suggesting that circular holography can be used as BMR reconstruction approach in clinical scenarios. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： image reconstruction

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Structured sparse deconvolution for paradigm free mapping of functional MRI data

Structured sparse deconvolution for paradigm free mapping of...

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2012 9th IEEE international Symposium on biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro, ISBI 2012

作者： Gaudes, César Caballero Karahanoǧlu, Fikret Iśik Lazeyras, François Van De Ville, Dimitri Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics University of Geneva CH-1211 Switzerland Medical Image Processing Lab École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language Donostia 20009 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781457718588

Paradigm-free mapping enables to map the hmodynamic response in space and time without prior knowledge of the timing of the underlying neuronal events (i.e., no stimulation paradigm). Such deconvolution approach can take advantage of modern sparsity-promoting regularization. Here we extend this concept using structured sparsity approaches in order to gain robustnesss against model mismatch. Specifically, we extend the hmodynamic dictionary with the informed basis set (i.e., canonical HRF, and its temporal and dispersion derivatives) and we deploy state-of-the art structured sparsity functionals. In addition, we propose the group-weighted fusion penalty. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach for both synthetic and experimental data, showing superior abilities to characterize the single-trial BOLD response with no timing information. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Mapping

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Model-based fusion of CT and non-contrasted 3D C-arm CT: Application to transcatheter valve therapies

Model-based fusion of CT and non-contrasted 3D C-arm CT: App...

引用

2012 9th IEEE international Symposium on biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro, ISBI 2012

作者： Grbic, Sasa Gesell, Christian Lonasec, Razvan John, Matthias Boese, Jan Hornegger, Joachim Navab, Nassir Cotnaniciu, Dorin Image Analytics and Medical Informatics Siemens Corporate Research Princeton United States Computer Aided Medical Procedures Technical University Munich Germany Siemens AG Healthcare Sector Forchheim Germany Pattern Recongnition Lab University of Erlangen Nuremeberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781457718588

In recent years transcatheter valve therapies are beginning to replace invasive surgical procedures. As there is no direct view and access to the affected anatomy advanced imaging techniques such as 3D rotational angiography (C-arm CT) and real-time fluoroscopy are used for intra-operative guidance. However, intra-operative modalities have limited image quality of the soft tissue and a reliable assessment of the cardiac anatomy can only be made by injecting contrast agent, which is harmful to the patient and requires complex acquisition protocols. We propose a novel method to align pre-operative and intra-operative data by using surrogate anatomical structures which are visible in both modalities without adding contrast agent. The trachea bifurcation model is used as a surrogate structure and the model parameters are estimated using robust machine learning algorithms. High quality patient specific models can be extracted from the pre-operative CT and mapped to the intra-operative 3D C-arm CT for guidance. In addition we learn a weighted mapping function for the trachea bifurcation model extracted from the pre-operative and intra-operative images which minimizes the mapping error in respect to the anatomy of interest. Experiments performed on 28 patient pairs of CT and contrasted 3D C-arm CT data sets assure an accuracy of the mapped aortic valve model of 9.08 × 7.31 deg and 7.5 × 7 3.22mm. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Learning algorithms

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Gaussian noise estimation with superpixel classification in digital images

Gaussian noise estimation with superpixel classification in ...

引用

congress on image and signal processing, CISP

作者： Cheng-Ho Wu Herng-Hua Chang Computational Biomedical Engineering Laboratory (CBEL) Department of Engineering Science and Ocean Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

Noise estimation is essential in a wide variety of digital image processing applications. It provides an adaptive mechanism for many restoration algorithms instead of using fixed values for the amount of noise. In this paper, we propose a new statistical method based on the superpixel maps for estimating the variance of additive Gaussian noise in images. The proposed approach consists of three major phases: superpixel classification, local variance computation, and statistical determination. Experimental results suggest that the proposed method provides good estimation and is of potential in many image restoration applications that require automation.

关键词： Noise level Estimation Histograms Gaussian noise signal processing algorithms Gaussian distribution

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Personalized learning-based segmentation of thoracic aorta and main branches for diagnosis and treatment planning

Personalized learning-based segmentation of thoracic aorta a...

引用

2012 9th IEEE international Symposium on biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro, ISBI 2012

作者： Vitanovski, Dime Ralovich, Kristof Ionasec, Razvan Zheng, Yefeng Suehling, Michael Krawtschuk, Waldemar Hornegger, Joachim Comaniciu, Dorin Image Analytics and Medical Informatics Siemens Corporate Research Princeton United States Pattern Recongnition Lab University of Erlangen Nuremeberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781457718588

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA), is an obstruction of the aortic arch present in 5-8% of congenital heart diseases. For children older than a year, CoA is increasingly treated by aortic stenting instead of surgical repair. In pediatric cardiology, CMR is accepted as the standard non-invasive imaging modality to assess the aortic arch in it's entire spatial context [1]. Interpreting such 3D datasets are required to assess the underlying anatomy during both diagnosis and therapy planning phases. However this process is time consuming and varies with operator skills. Within this study we propose for the first time in our knowledge a method of automatic segmentation of the lumen of thoracic aorta and main branches. The personalized model of the aorta and the supra-aortic arteries, automatically estimated from 3D CMR data, will provide better understanding of the complexity of pathology and assist the cardiologist to choose the best treatment and timing of repair. A hierarchical framework based on robust machine-learning algorithms is proposed to estimate the personalized model parameters. Experiments throughout 212 3D CMR volumes demonstrate model estimation error of 3.24 mm and average computation time of 8 sec. combined with clinical evaluation on 32 patients. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Repair

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On convolution model for ultrasound echo signal processing

On convolution model for ultrasound echo signal processing

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IEEE EMBS international Conference on Information Technology Applications in Biomedicine (ITAB)

作者： Ming Chen Cishen Zhang School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences Swinburne University of Technology Hawthorn VIC Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781457721762

Systematic ultrasound signal processing and imaging require a model for the ultrasound echo signal so to extract the tissue information for image construction. Based on careful studies of the classical ultrasound acoustics and traditional convolution model and taking into account the echo effects arising from anatomical tissue properties, this paper proposes a new convolution model for the ultrasound pulse-echo process, which presents dominant terms under common practically feasible conditions of medical ultrasound. The proposed convolution model can provide an effective means for processing ultrasound echo signals and constructing images.

关键词： Ultrasonic imaging Transducers Apertures

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Medical high-frequency ultrasound imaging using Golay-coded pulse excitation

Medical high-frequency ultrasound imaging using Golay-coded ...

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international Conference on biomedical engineering and informatics (BMEI)

作者： Sheng Zhou Xiaochun Wang Qingsheng Ye Jun Yang Jianjun Ji Yanqun Wang Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of Biomedical Engineering Tianjin China

This paper combined the coded excitation with the technique of ophthalmic high-frequency ultrasonic imaging, and proposed a new high-velocity data detection and signal processing method. 16-bit Golay complementary sequences were produced by FPGA, which excited the probe to produce ultrasonic waves. Data detection circuit achieved the digitalized of the 15 MHz high-frequency ultrasonic echo signals in real time. Sampling rate was 120MHz, and sampling bit was 14 bit. Decoded compression arithmetic was realized by FPGA in real time, in which A code compression was alternated with B code compression. The return echo was correlated with the corresponding decode filter A and filter B respectively, and then the echo was delayed and summed to complete the decoding process. The experiment indicated that coded excitation can effectively increase the range of mainlobe and decrease the range of sidelobe. This technique can effectively raise the signal-to-noise ratio, and has significant research value in advancing the ophthalmic ultrasonic image quality and raising the safety of the equipment.

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