Video transmission over unreliable networks such as Internet or wireless networks suffers from various kinds of adverse conditions such as bandwidth fluctuation, burst-error contamination, packet loss, and excessive p...
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Video transmission over unreliable networks such as Internet or wireless networks suffers from various kinds of adverse conditions such as bandwidth fluctuation, burst-error contamination, packet loss, and excessive packet delay due to network congestion. By taking advantage of multiple logical channels provided by digital networks, a multiple description video coding scheme is proposed to accommodate varying network environments and to meet quality of service requirements. The embedding bit-stream is obtained by exploiting the 3-d SPIHT algorithm. The coding efficiency of the proposed codec is optimized by removing spatio-temporal redundancy from video signals and constructing a more compact hierarchical zero-tree for 3-d SPIHT algorithm. The error resilience in spatio-temporal domain is utilized to conceal the distortion due to packet lost or erroneous transmission. Through the just-noticeable distortion (JNd) profiles estimating, the spatio-temporal redundancy inherent in YCbCr components of video signal is evaluated and the threshold of significance signal can be evaluated. The simulation results show that the visual quality can be maintained in transmitting video sequences at low bit rate (200 kbps) over the channel of high data loss rate (50%).
With the acceleration of urbanization, the phenomenon of urban drinking water pollution is quite obvious. According to China Environmental State Bulletin, the national surface water quality in general is moderately po...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424473014
With the acceleration of urbanization, the phenomenon of urban drinking water pollution is quite obvious. According to China Environmental State Bulletin, the national surface water quality in general is moderately polluted in 2006. In the National Environmental Monitoring Network, the actual monitoring sections of the 745 surface water monitoring sections (where the river sections 593, 152 lakes and reservoirs point position), Ⅰ ～ Ⅲ class, Ⅳ, Ⅴ class, inferior class Ⅴ cross-section of the water quality of the respective ratios is 40％, 32％ and 28％. The major pollution indicators are permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen and oil and so on. While developed countries have reached the international advanced level in drinking water quality standards, issued a series of laws and regulations to improve water quality, planning programs, and has taken a number of the corresponding technical support measures, but in water quality information management and monitoring of early warning still remains more problems. From the quality of drinking water collection, transmission, conversion to store, manage, display, analysis and early warning, we can draw a series of research results to provide a method to effectively solve the water quality control early-warning data upload is not timely, large error, management difficulties, the expression single issues such as the lack of analytical tools, and construct a set of water quality from source to faucet monitoring system, the formation of urban drinking water quality management, analysis, monitoring, early warning and related technology research anddevelopment integrated platform for experts providers, governments at all levels of scientific decisionmaking and timely day to day management of technical support to the Chief. Based on water quality monitoring network and a distributed, network-based, multi-source water quality information collection technology, transmission technology, processing technology, visualization technology, GIS
Today, the design of IC, subsystems and systems dealing with electromagnetic problems (EMC) is often based on insufficient data and on assumptions of design constraints. The term EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) in...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798331500030
Today, the design of IC, subsystems and systems dealing with electromagnetic problems (EMC) is often based on insufficient data and on assumptions of design constraints. The term EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) includes, as generally might be known, all actions intended to eliminate electromagnetic interference in electronic systems. Growing complexity, denser design and higher clock rates all lead to a substantial increase in EMC problems anddesign time. EMC is not commonly accepted in microelectronic design. Microelectronic designers are the opinion that EMC has to do with electrical and electronic systems and mandatory product regulations instead of requirements to the integrated circuit they are designing. Therefore, design under EMC-constraints is a big challenge and requires highly skilled engineers. The high processing speeds and integration densities lead to effects like reflections, crosstalk on transmission lines, delta-I-noise (ground bounce, simultaneous switching, current spike) as well as to electromagnetic radiation and irradiation, which have to be considered when applying microelectronic components. due to the package complexity of systems and components not all EMC-effects can be observedduring the development process by measurement. Furthermore, measurement techniques for EMC analysis are greatly limited by engineering and financial constraints. Besides the consideration of international and national standards, of legal and company internal requirements, considering EMC-constraints in the development of electronic products becomes vital for quality and time to market. due to the complexity of the basic physical theory and the transformation into design methods and tools there is a lack of practical training material which is accepted by industry. In this contribution a problem specific net based training system applied to signal integrity analysis on printed circuit boards will be introduced and presented. The training system gains its parti
The purposes of this paper is an evaluation of the accuracy of dEMs and associated products derived from UAV-data acquired at two different flight altitudes over a narrow-deep mountainous valley area. The assessment o...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350360325
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350360332
The purposes of this paper is an evaluation of the accuracy of dEMs and associated products derived from UAV-data acquired at two different flight altitudes over a narrow-deep mountainous valley area. The assessment of quality and accuracy were undertaken, respectively, qualitatively by reference to the field observations and quantitatively using dGPS in situ measurements. The assigned time for processing and products derivations steps was also analyzed. The images were acquired using UAV Mavic Pro-2 RGB digital camera at two flight altitudes of 80 and 150 m providing, respectively, 2 dissimilar spatial resolutions, 2.0 and3.5 cm. The "PIX4d-Mapper" software was used for photogrammetric processing. Uniformly distributed over the study area, 35 GCPs were measured with accurate 500-RTK GPS (σ ≤ ± 1 cm). Among them, 26 points were applied for the calibration procedure and 9 as checkpoints. The results demonstrated that the low altitude flight at 80 m enabled the acquisition of 482 overlapping images that were processedduring 7 h 41 min, yielding an RMSE ˂ ± 2.0 on planimetry and ˂ ± 2.5 cm on altimetry of checkpoints. Whereas, the flight at 150 m allowed the recording of 250 overlapping images which were processedduring 3 h 22 min, reaching an RMSE ˂ ± 3.0 and ˂ ± 3.7 cm on planimetry and altimetry, respectively. Visual analysis pointed out that regardless the considered altitude, the derived products (dEMs, dSMs and ortho-image) are very similar and faithfully reflect the reality on the ground. Accordingly, a flight at 150 m is able to provide satisfactory accuracies of dEM and auxiliary products generated from UAV Mavic Pro-2 camera data for applications in narrow-deep mountain valleys. However, an experienced operator of drone flight control is required to avoid the risks of accidents when maneuvering between narrow rock walls and to land successfully the drone in a safe place. Moreover, these operations are also conditioned by the reliability of telemetry contro
With the digital revolution, thanks to data already prepared or collected via sensors - a camera, for example with transmission systems, computer data constitutes a resource of inestimable value. Access to a large amo...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350352009
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350352016
With the digital revolution, thanks to data already prepared or collected via sensors - a camera, for example with transmission systems, computer data constitutes a resource of inestimable value. Access to a large amount of data and the development of new algorithms have led to major breakthroughs in the field of Artificial Intelligence in recent years. In this paper, accurate identification of plant diseases is crucial for establishing effective crop protection systems. Traditional methods based on visual observation present significant biases. Based on digital data collected in the agriculture sector, this study proposes a deep learning model for the automatic detection of bacterial wilt and crown rot in Solanum macrocarpon vegetable locally called “gboma”. The methodology is based on the processing of images of symptomatic leaves collected at the Laboratoire de défense des Cultures (LAdC) of the Institut National de la Recherche Agricole du Bénin (INRAB). The preprocessed images are classified by a convolutional neural network developed with Keras based on the VGG16 architecture. On a total of 586 training images, the model achieved $\mathbf{9 8. 3 \%}$ accuracy on training and $\mathbf{9 7. 1 \%}$ on cross-validation. These promising results pave the way for the deployment of an automated fielddiagnostic tool for effective and sustainable protection of gboma crops.
Today, the design of IC, subsystems and systems dealing with electromagnetic problems (EMC) is often based on insufficient data and on assumptions of design constraints. The term EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) in...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9061449901
Today, the design of IC, subsystems and systems dealing with electromagnetic problems (EMC) is often based on insufficient data and on assumptions of design constraints. The term EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) includes, as generally might be known, all actions intended to eliminate electromagnetic interference in electronic systems. Growing complexity, denser design and higher clock rates all lead to a substantial increase in EMC problems anddesign time. EMC is not commonly accepted in microelectronic design. Microelectronic designers are the opinion that EMC has to do with electrical and electronic systems and mandatory product regulations instead of requirements to the integrated circuit they are designing. Therefore, design under EMC-constraints is a big challenge and requires highly skilled engineers. The high processing speeds and integration densities lead to effects like reflections, crosstalk on transmission lines, delta-I-noise (ground bounce, simultaneous switching, current spike) as well as to electromagnetic radiation and irradiation, which have to be considered when applying microelectronic components. due to the package complexity of systems and components not all EMC-effects can be observedduring the development process by measurement. Furthermore, measurement techniques for EMC analysis are greatly limited by engineering and financial constraints. Besides the consideration of international and national standards, of legal and company internal requirements, considering EMC- constraints in the development of electronic products becomes vital for quality and time to market. due to the complexity of the basic physical theory and the transformation into design methods and tools there is a lack of practical training material which is accepted by industry. In this contribution a problem specific net based training system applied to signal integrity analysis on printed circuit boards will be introduced and presented. The training system gains its part
Using targeted microbubbles (MBs), ultrasound molecular imaging can be used to selectively and specifically visualize upregulated vascular receptors. In order to acquire bound MB echoes, a delay of ～7-15 minutes is c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781457712531
Using targeted microbubbles (MBs), ultrasound molecular imaging can be used to selectively and specifically visualize upregulated vascular receptors. In order to acquire bound MB echoes, a delay of ～7-15 minutes is commonly required for the clearance of freely circulating MBs. Here, we test whether echoes from MBs can be distinguished from the surrounding tissue, based on the transmission of pulses at low (1.5 MHz) and reception at high (5.5 MHz) frequencies (TLRH), without the requirement for destructive pulses. Pulses with a peak negative pressure of 230 kPa were transmitted (10 fps) and a 7th order IIR pulse-to-pulse filter was applied to the TLRH radiofrequency (RF) data to distinguish the signature of bound MBs from that of flowing MBs. 3d images of the accumulation of intravenously-administrated integrin-targeted MBs in a Met-1 mouse tumor model were acquired. An in vitro study demonstrated that the T2R15 contrast imaging technique has a ～2-fold resolution improvement over 2MHz contrast pulse sequencing (CPS) imaging. By applying the 7th order IIR filter to the TLRH RF data acquired at 2 minutes, echoes from flowing MBs in the surrounding tissue region were suppressed by 26±2 dB, while the signal intensity within the tumor was suppressed by 4±1 dB. The targeted images correctly represented the distribution of bound MBs. After the filter, the signal intensity resulting from cyclic RGd bearing MBs was 25±2 dB higher than that after the injection of non-targeted MBs.
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