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international symposium on parallel and Distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： Karthik Channakeshava Keith Bisset V.S. Anil Kumar Madhav Marathe Shrirang Yardi Virginia Bioinformatics Institute Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA US NVIDIA Corporation Santa Clara CA USA

Large scale realistic simulations of malware on mobile wireless networks have recently become an increasingly important application of high-performance computing. We propose EpiCure - an individual-based, scalable high performance computing oriented modeling environment to study malware propagation over realistic mobile networks. It is designed specifically to work on commodity cluster architectures. EpiCure runs extremely fast for realistic instances that involve: (i) large time-varying networks consisting of millions of heterogeneous individuals with time varying interaction neighborhoods, (ii) dynamic interactions between disease propagation, device behavior, and the exogenous interventions, and (iii) large number of replicated runs necessary for statistically sound estimates about the stochastic epidemic evolution. We find that EpiCure runs several orders of magnitude faster than another comparable simulation tool while delivering similar results. Beyond simple compute speed, EpiCure has been designed so that analysts can easily represent a range of interventions leading to improved human productivity and ease of use. This is an increasingly important metric in high performance computing. We illustrate EpiCure using three case studies that bring out the novel features of EpiCure.

关键词： Malware Computational modeling Wireless communication Approximation methods Ad hoc networks Software Mobile communication

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Reader Activation Scheduling in Multi-reader RFID Systems: A Study of General Case

Reader Activation Scheduling in Multi-reader RFID Systems: A...

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international symposium on parallel and Distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： Shaojie Tang Cheng Wang Xiang-Yang Li Changjun Jiang Department of Computer Science Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL USA Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing Ministry of Education Shanghai China Department of Computer Science University of Tongji Shanghai China

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a technology where a reader device can "sense'' the presence of a close by object by reading a tag device attached to the object. To guarantee the coverage quality, multiple RFID readers can be deployed in the given region. In this paper, we consider the problem of activation schedule for readers in a multi-reader environment. In particular, we try to design a schedule for readers to maximize the number of served tags per time-slot while avoiding various interferences. We first develop a centralized algorithm under the assumption that different readers may have different interference and interrogation radius. Next, we propose a novel algorithm which does not need any location information of the readers. Finally, we extend the previous algorithm in distributed manner in order to suit the case where no central entity exists. We conduct extensive simulations to study the performances of our proposed algorithm. And our evaluation results corroborate our theoretical analysis.

关键词： Interference Radiofrequency identification Schedules Scheduling Processor scheduling Geometry Algorithm design and analysis

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Large Volume Testing for Executable Formal Specification Using Hadoop

Large Volume Testing for Executable Formal Specification Usi...

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IEEE international symposium on parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops and Phd Forum (IPDPSW)

作者： Shigeru Kusakabe Graduate School of Information Science & Electrical Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan

Formal methods are mathematically-based techniques for specifying, developing and verifying a component or system, in order to increase the confidence regarding to the reliability and robustness of the target. Formal methods can be used at different levels with different techniques, and one approach is to use model-oriented formal languages such as VDM languages in writing specifications. During model development, we can test executable specifications in VDM-SL and VDM++. In a lightweight formal approach, we test formal specifications to increase our confidence as we do in implementing software codes with conventional programming languages. While the specific level of rigor depends on the aim of the project, millions of tests may be conducted in developing highly reliable mission-critical software in a light-weight formal approach. In this paper, we introduce our approach to supporting large volume of testing for executable formal specifications using Hadoop, an implementation of MapReduce programming model. We are able to automatically distribute interpretation of specifications in VDM languages by using Hadoop. We also apply a property-based data-driven testing tool, Quick Check, over MapReduce so that specification can be checked with thousands of tests by using formally described pre/post conditions and invariant functions. As an advanced property-based data-driven testing approach, we also discuss model-based testing. We observed scalable performance in testing large amount of data for executable specifications in our approaches.

关键词： Testing Software Computational modeling Programming Cloud computing Reliability object oriented modeling

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GPU & CPU cooperative accelerated pedestrian and vehicle detection

GPU & CPU cooperative accelerated pedestrian and vehicle det...

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international Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCV Workshops)

作者： Takashi Machida Takashi Naito Road Environment Recognition Lab Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories Inc. Nagakute Aichi Japan

This paper presents a fast pedestrian and vehicle detection framework that integrates GPU (graphics processing unit) and CPU implementations. We employ the Histograms of oriented Gradients (HoG) and the Feature Interaction Descriptor (FIND) as object descriptors. FIND describes the high-level properties of an object's appearance by computing pair-wise interactions of adjacent region-level features. We also employ the cascade approach in a sliding-window manner with multi-classifiers specialized for both the direction of a pedestrian and the distance of the pedestrian to a camera installed on a vehicle. Although our detection framework can detect pedestrians and vehicles in images, it wastes computational cost on calculating high-dimensional FIND features. Therefore, to realize real-time processing, we utilize the NVIDIA CUDA framework for pedestrian and vehicle detection. Three parallelization techniques implemented on both a GPU and a CPU are incorporated in our detection framework. As a result, our proposed implementation can perform detection more than 30 times faster than can a conventional implementation running on a CPU. For a 640×480 image, our parallel techniques attain a processing speed of 23.8 fps (42 [ms]) and detects both pedestrians and vehicles.

关键词： Instruction sets Graphics processing unit

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Early, time-approximate modeling of multi-OS Linux platforms in a systemC co-simulation environment

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COMPUTER SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2011年第6期26卷 425-434页

作者： Posadas, H. Villar, E. Ragot, Dominique Martinez, Marcos Univ Cantabria Santander Microelect Engn Grp TEISA Santander Spain Thales Commun Colombes Paris France Design Syst Silicon DS2 Paterna Valencia Spain

The increase of computational power in embedded systems has allowed integrating together hard real-time tasks and rich applications. Complex SW infrastructures containing both RTOS and GPOS are required to handle this complexity. To optimally map system functionality to the hard-RT SW domain, to the general purpose SW domain or to HW peripherals, early performance evaluations at the first steps of the design process are required. Approximate timed co-simulation has been proposed as a fast solution for system modeling at early design steps. This co-simulation technique allows simulating systems at speed close to functional execution, while considering timing effects. As a consequence, system performance estimations can be obtained early, allowing efficient design space exploration and system refinement. To achieve fast simulation speed, the SW code is pre-annotated with time information. The annotated code is then natively executed, performing what is called native-based co-simulation. Previous native-based simulation environments are not prepared to model multi-OS systems, so the performance evaluation of the different SW domains is not possible. This paper proposes a new embedded system modeling solution considering dual RTOS/GPOS systems. A real Linux-based infrastructure has been modeled an integrated into a state-of-the-art co-simulation environment. The resulting solution is capable of modeling and evaluating all HW and SW system components providing the designer with valuable information for early system optimization and design space exploration.

关键词： Co-simulation TLM Approximately-timed Real-time linux

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object-oriented OpenMP programming with C++ and fortran

Object-oriented OpenMP programming with C++ and fortran

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23rd international symposium on High Performance computing Systems and Applications, HPCS 2009

作者： Terboven, Christian An Mey, Dieter Kapinos, Paul Schleiden, Christopher Merkulow, Igor JARA RWTH Aachen University Center for Computing and Communication Seffenter Weg 23 Aachen 52074 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)3642126588

object-oriented programming has found its place in mainstream software application development since the 1990s and most current programming languages are either object-oriented by design, or have been retrofitted with such features. Given the recent trend towards multi-core processors, parallel programming is just about to become a mainstream requirement. In this work, we explore and compare techniques with which to parallelize object-oriented C++ and Fortran codes from the scientific domain with OpenMP. Our goal is to achieve the best possible performance while still maintaining the object-oriented programming style. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： object oriented programming

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Real-time distribution of time-dependant tasks in heterogeneous environments

Real-time distribution of time-dependant tasks in heterogene...

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2010 13th IEEE international symposium on object/Component/Service-oriented Real-Time Distributed computing Workshops, ISORC Workshops 2010

作者： Pacher, Mathias Brinkschulte, Uwe Institut für Informatik Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780769540382

In this paper we present a new approach to distribute tasks connected by causal dependencies within a heterogeneous environment, e.g. several resources communicating with each other or a processor grid. Our approach uses an artificial hormone system for task distribution which is able to meet real-time constraints. Several enhancements of the artificial hormone system are made such as partial suppressing of tasks and distributed task termination. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Multi-stage distributed control loops realtime task distribution heterogeneous environment Religious Missions task termination Distribute Hormones Real time environments

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RTOS support for parallel execution of hard real-time applications on the MERASA multi-core processor

RTOS support for parallel execution of hard real-time applic...

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13th IEEE international symposium on object, Component, and Service-oriented Real-Time Distributed computing, ISORC 2010

作者： Wolf, Julian Gerdes, Mike Kluge, Florian Uhrig, Sascha Mische, Jörg Metzlaff, Stefan Rochange, Christine Cassé, Hugues Sainrat, Pascal Ungerer, Theo University of Augsburg Germany University of Toulouse IRIT France

ISBN: (纸本)9780769540375

Multi-cores are the contemporary solution to satisfy high performance and low energy demands in general and embedded computing domains. However, currently available multi-cores are not feasible to be used in safety-critical environments with hard real-time constraints. Hard real-time tasks running on different cores must be executed in isolation or their interferences must be time-bounded. Thus, new requirements also arise for a real-time operating system (RTOS), in particular if the parallel execution of hard real-time applications should be supported. In this paper we focus on the MERASA1 system software as an RTOS developed on top of the MERASA multi-core processor. The MERASA system software fulfils the requirements for time-bounded execution of parallel hard real-time tasks. In particular we focus on thread control with synchronisation mechanisms, memory management and resource management requirements. Our evaluations show that all system software functions are time-bounded by a worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： parallel processing systems

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parallel task for parallelizing object-oriented desktop applications

Parallel task for parallelizing object-oriented desktop appl...

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2010 IEEE international symposium on parallel and Distributed Processing, Workshops and Phd Forum, IPDPSW 2010

作者： Giacaman, Nasser Sinnen, Oliver Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9781424465347

As multi-cores arrive for mainstream desktop systems, developers must invest the effort to parallelize their applications. We present parallel Task (short ParaTask), a solution to assist the parallelization of object-oriented applications, with the unique feature of including support for the parallelization of graphical user interface (GUI) applications. In the simple, but common, cases concurrency is introduced with a single keyword. Due to the wide variety of parallelization needs, ParaTask integrates different task types into the same model, provides intuitive support for dependence handling, non-blocking notification, interim progress notification and exception handling in an asynchronous environment as well as supporting a pluggable task scheduling runtime (currently work-sharing, work-stealing and a combination of the two are supported). The performance is compared to traditional Java parallelization approaches using a variety of different workloads. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Graphical user interfaces

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Proposing a hybrid software execution environment for distributed embedded systems

Proposing a hybrid software execution environment for distri...

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2010 13th IEEE international symposium on object/Component/Service-oriented Real-Time Distributed computing Workshops, ISORC Workshops 2010

作者： Nakamoto, Yukikazu Yabuuchi, Kenji Osaki, Tatsunori Kishida, Takanari Hara, Teruya Abe, Issei Kitamura, Akira Graduate School of Applied Informatics University of Hyogo Japan OCTOPATH Corporation Japan Fujitsu Ten Limited Japan Kyoto Koka Women's University Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780769540382

The size and complexity of large-scale distributed embedded systems such as automotive and process controls have increased recently. Sophisticated systems that are safe and environmentally friendly require numerous types of sensor data, which are collected from various devices and sent to computers through networks. To develop such large-scale distributed embedded systems with high quality and productivity, we have developed a virtual execution environment platform. This platform integrates numerous CPU simulators and various device simulators through the network and provides networkwide simulation functionalities. In this paper, we propose a hybrid software execution environment and describe the development and evaluation of the technology element required in its implementation. The hybrid software execution environment integrates virtual and real software execution environments in order to check functional behavior of distributed embedded software in a more realistic environment. In the environment, CPU simulators and device simulators are implemented as Common object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) objects, and messages in the simulation objects are transferred at the actual rate in the target setting. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Simulators

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