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A Two-Phase Load-Balancing Framework of parallel GIS Operations

A Two-Phase Load-Balancing Framework of Parallel GIS Operati...

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IEEE international symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： Zhong Xie Zi Ye Liang Wu Faculty of Information Engineering China University of Geoscience China Faculty of Information Engineering GIS Software Research and Application Engineering Center of the Ministry of Education China University of Geoscience China

The ever-increasing of the large geospatial datasets and the widely application of the complex geocomputation make the parallel processing of GIS an important component of high-performance computing. The paper introduces a two-phase load-balancing scheme for the parallel GIS operations in distributed environment. The paper focus on the parallel framework design and parallel strategy implement of the spatial operations in GIS. Two major aspects of the spatial data partitioning and dynamic load schedule are discussed in detail, declustering the massive data sets into two parts hierarchically: the dynamic share data and the static local data. In the experimental test, we build up the analytical cost model and evaluate the utilize rate of computational power and I/O resource, and analyze the efficiency of the proposed parallel prototype.

关键词： Geographic Information systems parallel processing Data engineering Load management Geology Processor scheduling Dynamic scheduling Costs Prototypes Application software

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Ontology Support for Biomedical Information Resources

Ontology Support for Biomedical Information Resources

引用

Annual IEEE symposium on Computer-Based Medical systems

作者： Tharam Dillon Elizabeth Chang Maja Hadzic Digital Ecosystems and Business Intelligence Institute Curtin University of Technology Australia

The increasing body of distributed and heterogeneous information and the autonomous, heterogeneous and dynamic nature of information resources are important issues hindering effective and efficient data access, retrieval and knowledge sharing. The importance of ontologies has been recognised within the biomedical domain and work has begun on developing and sharing biomedical ontologies. In this paper, we define ontology and ontology commitments and explain the main characteristics and representations of ontology models. Ontologies are highly expressive knowledge models and as such increase expressiveness and intelligence of a system. We highlight the significance of ontologies in a variety of semi-automatic and automatic tasks, and provide an illustrative example of an ontology-based multi-agent system designed to intelligently retrieve information about human diseases from a number of heterogeneous and dispersed information resources.

关键词： Ontologies Information resources Information retrieval Intelligent systems databases Multiagent systems Humans Knowledge management Content based retrieval Application software

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The Family of 4-phase Latch Protocols

The Family of 4-phase Latch Protocols

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international symposium on Advanced Research in Asynchronous Circuits and systems

作者： Graham Birtwistle Kenneth S. Stevens DCS UK ECE University of Utah USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780769531076

A complete family of untimed asynchronous 4-phase pipeline protocols is derived and characterised. This family contains all untimed protocols where data becomes valid before the request signal rises. Starting with a specification of the most parallel such protocol, rules are provided for concurrency reduction to systematically generate the family of all 137 related protocols that can be pipelined. Graphical and textual nomenclatures are developed to represent protocol properties and behaviours. The protocols are categorised according to their behaviours when composed into linear and structured parallel pipelines. Six basic categories emerge, along with several properties such as a single state that determines whether a protocol is fully or half buffered. When equivalence classes are calculated for parallel pipeline behaviours they are dominated by 15 shapes (all of which are delay-insensitive) which are related by a simple lattice. Several published circuits are shown to map to 16 of our 137 family members. This work enhances the understanding of handshake protocols, their properties, and relationships between different implementations in terms of concurrency and behavioural properties.

关键词： Protocols Latches Concurrent computing Pipelines Carbon capture and storage Lattices Asynchronous circuits distributed control Shape Delay

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An efficient hybrid peer-to-peer system for distributed data sharing

An efficient hybrid peer-to-peer system for distributed data...

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international symposium on parallel and distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： Min Yang Yuanyuan Yang Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering State University of New York Stony Brook NY USA

Peer-to-peer overlay networks are widely used in distributed systems. Based on whether a regular topology is maintained among peers, peer-to-peer networks can be divided into two categories: structured peer- to-peer networks in which peers are connected by a regular topology, and unstructured peer-to-peer networks in which the topology is arbitrary. Structured peer-to-peer networks usually can provide efficient and accurate services but need to spend a lot of efforts in maintaining the regular topology. On the other hand, unstructured peer-to-peer networks are extremely resilient to the frequent peer joining and leaving but this is usually achieved at the expense of efficiency. The objective of this work is to design a hybrid peer-to-peer system for distributed data sharing which combines the advantages of both types of peer-to-peer networks and minimizes their disadvantages. The proposed hybrid peer-to-peer system is composed of two parts: the first part is a structured core network which forms the backbone of the hybrid system; the second part is multiple unstructured peer- to-peer networks each of which is attached to a node in the core network. The core structured network can narrow down the data lookup within a certain unstructured network accurately, while the unstructured networks provide a low cost mechanism for peers to join or leave the system freely. A data lookup operation first checks the local unstructured network and then the structured network. This two-tier hierarchy can decouple the flexibility of the system from the efficiency of the system. Our simulation results demonstrate that the hybrid peer-to-peer system can utilize both the efficiency of structured peer-to-peer network and the flexibility of the unstructured peer-to-peer network and achieve a good balance between the two types of networks.

关键词： Peer to peer computing Network topology Spine distributed computing Computer networks Costs Collaboration Maintenance engineering Data engineering Telecommunication traffic

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Scalable architecture for context-aware activity-detecting mobile recommendation systems

Scalable architecture for context-aware activity-detecting m...

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IEEE international symposium on World of Wireless Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM)

作者： Michael Roberts Nicolas Ducheneaut Bo Begole Kurt Partridge Bob Price Victoria Bellotti Alan Walendowski Paul Rasmussen Palo Alto Research Center Inc.orporated Palo Alto CA USA

One of the main challenges in building multi-user mobile information systems for real-world deployment lies in the development of scalable systems. Recent work on scaling infrastructure for conventional web services using distributed approaches can be applied to the mobile space, but limitations inherent to mobile devices (computational power, battery life) and their communication infrastructure (availability and quality of network connectivity) challenge system designers to carefully design and optimize their software architectures. Additionally, notions of mobility and position in space, unique to mobile systems, provide interesting directions for the segmentation and scalability of mobile information systems. In this paper we describe the implementation of a mobile recommender system for leisure activities, codenamed Magitti, which was built for commercial deployment under stringent scalability requirements. We present concrete solutions addressing these scalability challenges, with the goal of informing the design of future mobile multi-user systems.

关键词： Servers Mobile communication Computational modeling databases Scalability Computer architecture Filtering

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Performance evaluation of NSF application benchmarks on parallel systems

Performance evaluation of NSF application benchmarks on para...

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international symposium on parallel and distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： Rod Fatoohi San Jose State University Foundation San Jose CA USA

The National Science Foundation (NSF) recently released a set of application benchmarks that would be a key factor in selecting the next-generation high- performance computing environment. These benchmarks are designed to capture the salient attributes of those science and engineering applications placing the most stringent demands on the system to be provisioned. The application benchmarks consist of six codes that require large amount of memory and work with large data sets. In this work, we study the complexity, performance, and scalability of these codes on four machines: a 512-processor SGI Altix 3700, a 512-processor SGI Altix 3700/BX2, a 512-processor dual-core based SGI Altix 4700, and a 128-processor Cray Opteron cluster interconnected by the Myrinet network. We evaluated these codes for two different problem sizes using different numbers of processors. Our results show that per processor the SGI machines, using the Intel Itanium-2 processor, are faster than the Cray cluster, using the AMD Opteron processor, by a factor of up to three. Also, we found out that some of these codes scale up very well as we increase the number of processors while others scaled up poorly. In addition, one of the codes achieved about 2/3 of the peak rate of an SGI Altix processor. Moreover, the dual-core based system achieved comparable performance results to the single-core based system. Finally, we provide some limitations and concluding remarks.

关键词： Benchmark testing Scalability Bandwidth High performance computing Design engineering Petascale computing Concurrent computing System performance Kernel Delay

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Resource Allocation for distributed Streaming Applications

Resource Allocation for Distributed Streaming Applications

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international Conference on parallel Processing (ICPP)

作者： Qian Zhu Gagan Agrawal Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ohio State Uinversity Columbus OH USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424432134

We consider resource allocation for distributed streaming applications running in a grid environment, where continuously streaming data needs to be aggregated and processed to produce output streams. Because such an application comprises a pipeline of processing stages, both communication and computational requirements need to be taken into account while performing resource allocation. In this paper, we give a rigorous formulation of this resource allocation problem, based on the DAG representation of the application as well as the environment. We have shown how we can use the notion of subgraph isomorphism and developed an effective resource allocation algorithm. The main observations from the experiments we conducted to evaluate our algorithms were as follows: the overhead caused by our algorithm is comparable to an existing algorithm, Streamline, which is based onheuristics. At the same time, the application performance was improved by 30% on average. When compared to the allocation performed by the optimal algorithm, which enumerates all mappings, the application performance with our algorithm was within 4%. At the same time, unlike the optimal algorithm, our algorithm scaled well to large graphs.

关键词： Resource management Heuristic algorithms distributed databases Data models Streaming media Real time systems Book reviews

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GloSDC: A Framework for a Global Spatial Data Catalog

GloSDC: A Framework for a Global Spatial Data Catalog

引用

IEEE international symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： Wu Peng-fei Fang Yu Chen Bin Wu Xi Institute of RS & GIS Peking University China

GloSDC is a JXTA-based three-tiered framework for global catalog in grid GIS, which is a mechanism of using P2P model to solve the problem of grid replica organization. We use horizontal non-overlapping fragmentation method to partition a logical layer into physical fragments according spatial extent. A fragment layer is an autonomous layer stored in a grid node, being accessed through node SDE. There are no centralized data dictionary and managing node in the grid spatial database. In order to improve the efficiency, we use R-tree index in fragment layers, quad-tree in fragment catalogs. The lazy release consistency is used to maintain the consistency between secondary and master replicas. The soft-state protocol is used to keep the catalog consistent. Based on concurrent spatial queries, data refinement, spatial analysis and asynchronous rendering, the response latency on clients is reduced remarkably.

关键词： Geographic Information systems Peer to peer computing Spatial databases Protocols Delay Relational databases Technology management Resource management distributed computing Dictionaries

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Gedae’s automated management of hierarchical memories on multicore processors Commercial Tutorial

Gedae’s automated management of hierarchical memories on mu...

引用

international symposium on parallel and distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： William Lundgren Gedae Inc.

Multicore processors present new programming challenges even to those with experience programming parallel and distributed systems. Gedae offers improved productivity and an expanded developer pool for these architectures by automating many of the difficult and tedious issues such as threading, deadlock avoidance, planning of memory use, and runtime observability. Gedae is able to address these issues will still creating highly efficient applications through the automatic incorporation of target-optimized compute kernels and minimal impact of the Gedae scheduler during runtime. The focus of this tutorial is one of those challenges heightened by the advent of multicores - the management of hierarchical memories. Because multiple cores are being brought together on the limited real estate of a single chip, there is limited room to provide core-specific memory, bringing about programming challenges for the software developer. An example is the cell broadband engine (Cell/B.E.) processor. The Cell/B.E. processor combines 8 synergistic processing elements (SPEs) with one power processing element (PPE). The SPEs each have a small, 256 kB local storage, while the system has a larger monolithic memory available to all PEs. Accessing the system memory from the SPEs must utilize a single memory interface with limited bandwidth compared to the element interconnect bus (EIB) between the SPEs. Programming this hierarchical memory involves manual management of the SPEs' local storage, overlapping of memory puts and gets with computation, and special consideration of alignment issues to provide high performance. While the Cell/B.E. memory structure presents special programming considerations, other multicores also utilize hierarchical memory structures, such as the use of core-specific multilayered cache on Intel Core 2 and Tilera Tile64 processors. Gedae is a programming language, compiler, and analysis tools that provide a method for specifying the use of hierarchical memory and

关键词： Tutorial Memory management Multicore processing parallel programming Runtime Automatic programming Productivity Computer architecture System recovery Observability

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A parallel Schur method for solving continuous-time algebraic Riccati equations

A parallel Schur method for solving continuous-time algebrai...

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IEEE international symposium on Computer Aided Control System Design (CACSD)

作者： Robert Granat Bo Kagstrom Daniel Kressner Seminar für angewandte Mathematik Zurich Switzerland Department of Computing Science and HPC2N Umeå University Umea Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781424422210

Numerical algorithms for solving the continuous-time algebraic Riccati matrix equation on a distributed memory parallel computer are considered. In particular, it is shown that the Schur method, based on computing the stable invariant subspace of a Hamiltonian matrix, can be parallelized in an efficient and scalable way. Our implementation employs the state-of-the-art library ScaLAPACK as well as recently developed parallel methods for reordering the eigenvalues in a real Schur form. Some experimental results are presented, confirming the scalability of our implementation and comparing it with an existing implementation of the matrix sign iteration from the PLiCOC library.

关键词： Control systems USA Councils

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