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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： T. Kamiya S. Kusumoto K. Inoue Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka Japan

To analyse the complexity of object-oriented software, several metrics have been proposed. Among them, Chidamber and Kemerer's (1994) metrics are well-known object-oriented metrics. Also, their effectiveness has been empirically evaluated from the viewpoint of estimating the fault-proneness of object-oriented software. In the evaluations, these metrics were applied, not to the design specification but to the source code, because some of them measure the inner complexity of a class, and such information cannot be obtained until the algorithm and the class structure are determined at the end of the design phase. However, the estimation of the fault-proneness should be done in the early phase so as to effectively allocate effort for fixing the faults. This paper proposes a new method to estimate the fault-proneness of an object class in the early phase, using several complexity metrics for object-oriented software. In the proposed method, we introduce four checkpoints into the analysis/design/implementation phase, and we estimate the fault-prone classes using applicable metrics at each checkpoint.

关键词： Software testing Phase estimation Electrical capacitance tomography Programming Design methodology Postal services Electronic switching systems Ear Fault diagnosis Phase measurement

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The PURE family of object-oriented operating systems for deeply embedded systems

The PURE family of object-oriented operating systems for dee...

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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： D. Beuche A. Guerrouat H. Papajewski W. Schroder-Preikschat O. Spinczyk U. Spinczyk Department of Computer Science University of Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany

Deeply embedded systems are forced to operate under extreme resource constraints in terms of memory, CPU, time and power consumption. Automotive systems are a typical example: today's limousines can be considered as (large-scale) distributed systems on wheels. There are cars in daily operation consisting of over 60 networked processors (i.e. microcontrollers). Conservative estimations suggest that, in the near future, every car will be equipped with about 20 networked microcontrollers, on average. The complexity of these "decentralized computer architectures" can no longer be managed by the application alone. Dedicated embedded operating systems are required to ensure the manageability, adaptability, portability and efficiency of the software. Resource-sparing operations under (hard) real-time constraints must be the maxim. This paper discusses the design and implementation of PURE (Portable Universal Runtime Executive) for these classes of deeply embedded systems.

关键词： Operating systems Embedded system Microcontrollers Energy consumption Automotive engineering Large-scale systems Wheels Application software Embedded software Runtime

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Adaptive QoS support for distributed, Java-based applications

Adaptive QoS support for distributed, Java-based application...

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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： S. Chatterjee B. Sabata M. Brown SRI International Inc. Menlo Park CA USA

Describes SRI international's ERDoS (End-to-end Resource management of distributed Systems) project. ERDoS is a distributed middleware with comprehensive resource management support, including application scheduling, resource allocation and graceful adaptation. We discuss how we have implemented this resource management as part of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). We have also provided a resource management application programming interface (API) as a new Java class library. The ERDoS development environment enables nonprogrammers to create complex distributed applications by simply stringing together multiple Java methods. The ERDoS runtime environment utilizes a structuring algorithm to create a distributed Java application dynamically, and then provides allocation, scheduling and content-based, graceful, adaptive QoS support to these applications. We demonstrate the benefits of content-based adaptation and of dynamic structuring of distributed applications, using a set of video applications.

关键词： Java Middleware Operating systems Microwave integrated circuits Indium tin oxide Contracts Trademarks Embedded system Internet Protocols

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Enhancing replica management services to tolerate group failures

Enhancing replica management services to tolerate group fail...

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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： P.D. Ezhilchelvan S.K. Shrivastava Department of Computing Science University of Newcastle Newcastle-upon-Tyne UK

In a distributed system, replication of components, such as objects, is a well known way of achieving availability. For increased availability, crashed and disconnected components must be replaced by new components on available spare nodes. In this context, we address the problem of reconfiguring a group after the group as an entity has failed. Such a failure is termed a group failure which, for example, can be the crash of every component in the group or the group being partitioned into minority islands. The solution assumes crash-proof storage, and eventual recovery of crashed nodes and healing of partitions. It guarantees that: (i) the number of groups reconfigured after a group failure is never more than one, and (ii) the reconfigured group contains a majority of the components which were members just before the group failed, so that the loss of state information due to group failure is minimal. The protocol is efficient in terms of communication rounds and use of stable store, during both normal operations and reconfiguration after a group failure.

关键词： Computer crashes Protocols Voting distributed computing Availability Resumes

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An object-level gateway supporting integrated-property quality of service

An object-level gateway supporting integrated-property quali...

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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： R. Schantz J. Zinky D. Karr D. Bakken J. Megquier J. Loyall GTE Internetworking BBN Technologies Inc. Cambridge MA USA

As networks and the use of communications within applications continue to grow and find more uses, so too does the demand for more control and manageability of various "system properties" through middleware. An important component supporting an integrated property architecture is the concept of an object gateway, which is a quality-of-service (QoS)-aware element transparently inserted at the transport layer between clients and objects to provide managed communication behavior for the particular property being supported. In this paper, we introduce the concept of a QoS-oriented gateway to integrate a variety of QoS enforcement and implementation mechanisms controlling the underlying distributed interactions. We discuss the functions performed by such a component in achieving the desired overall end-to-end QoS, and the design considerations underlying our current implementation. We conclude with experiences to date with two variations of the gateway: one controlling managed latency and throughput using bandwidth allocation, and one controlling dependability through the coordination of object replicas.

关键词： Quality of service Application software Electrical capacitance tomography Middleware Resource management Computer network management Computer networks Environmental management Mechanical factors Internetworking

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Society of distributed objects

Proceedings of the Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dep...

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Proceedings of the Workshop on object-oriented real-time Dependable Systems (WORDS) 1999年 91-94页

作者： Nielsen, Eric H. Sprint Technology Planning and Integration United States

This is a position paper that suggests changing the way we treat the technical problems that remain in defining a viable pervasive distributed object computing platform. The essence of this change is determine a set of common computing behavior rules that lead focus research and development on a less complex path to a solution that the rank and file can (and must) trust. This change is akin to treating the distributed objects as members of a society where they follow interaction rules, and they trust that others will do the same. Such a set of rules will minimize both the complexity of the solution and the number of potential solutions, thus speed research towards the goal of a distributed computing platform that is industrially viable, broadly usable, trusted, and depended upon.

关键词： distributed computer systems

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An extensible object model for QoS specification in adaptive QoS systems

An extensible object model for QoS specification in adaptive...

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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Y. Matsui S. Kihara A. Mitsuzawa S. Moriai H. Tokuda Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation Japan Faculty of Environmental Information Keio University Japan

Adaptive QoS systems are attractive for multimedia services that are accessed via the Internet or mobile computers. An important feature of an adaptive QoS system is that it allows application programs to specify the QoS level desired, and at the system to set the level according to the resources available. With an adaptive QoS system, the user should specify not only the target QoS, but also a QoS range to minimize the quality degradation resulting from resource shortages. The paper introduces QoSPath as an extensible object model for specifying, translating, and arbitrating QoS in adaptive QoS systems. The QoSPath model herein lets users and application programs specify their QoS preference by setting QoSPoints in a QoSPath, each of which specifies an objective QoS level against a subjective utility value. With the QoSPath model, a simple QoS preference can be specified by a few parameters, while more detailed specifications can be given by providing more information, thus the model offers both the simple and descriptive QoS specifications. It is designed to be flexible in that new QoS formats and translation modules can be easily defined with only a minimum knowledge of other parts of a system. It therefore separates the functions of QoS specification, translation/inverse-translation and arbitration.

关键词： Adaptive systems Quality of service Streaming media Multimedia systems Videoconference Mobile computing Degradation Telegraphy Internet telephony Web and internet services

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Proceedings - 1999 Pacific Rim international symposium on Dependable computing, PRDC 1999

Proceedings - 1999 Pacific Rim International Symposium on De...

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1999 Pacific Rim international symposium on Dependable computing, PRDC 1999

ISBN: (纸本)0769503713

The proceedings contain 32 papers. The topics discussed include: adaptive checkpointing with storage management for mobile environments;dependability issues in mobile distributed system;LLT and LTn schemes: error recovery schemes in mobile environments;a novel NMR structure with concurrent error location capabilities;a novel fault tolerant approach for SRAM-based FPGAs;an automatic testing and diagnosis for FPGAs;interconnecting lock-step synchronous fault-tolerant systems based on voting and error-correcting codes;hardware fault tolerance in arithmetic coding for data compression;testing-resource allocation for redundant software systems;empirical-Bayesian availability indices of safety time critical software systems with corrective maintenance;the design of a fault-tolerant cots-based bus architecture;FBD: a fault-tolerant buffering disk system for improving write performance of RAID5 systems;the effect of interconnect schemes on the dependability of a modular multi-processor system with shared resources;a fuzzy based approach for the design using the Markov model;enhancing dependability via parameterized refinement;the specified strong failure detector class for asynchronous distributed systems;approximate correctness checking of computational results;an architecture-based software reliability model;selective checkpointing and rollbacks in multithreaded object-oriented environment;networked windows NT system field failure data analysis;and using physical and simulated fault injection to evaluate error detection mechanisms.

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2nd international Conference on Unified Modeling Language, UML 1999

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2nd international Conference on Unified Modeling Language, UML 1999

ISBN: (纸本)3540667121

The proceedings contain 49 papers. The special focus in this conference is on Software Architecture, UML and Other Notations. The topics include: Architecting web-based systems with the unified modeling language;extending architectural representation in UML with view integration;enabling the refinement of a software architecture into a design;using the UML for architectural description;viewing the OML as a variant of the UML;a comparison of the business object notation and the unified modeling language;formalizing the UML class diagram using object-Z;a formal approach to collaborations in the unified modeling language;a formal semantics for UML interactions;UML 2.0 architectural crossroads;core meta-modelling semantics of UML;a metamodel for OCL;tool-supported compressing of UML class diagrams;a pragmatic approach for building a user-friendly and flexible UML model repository;modeling dynamic software components in UML;extending UML for modeling reflective software components;nine suggestions for improving UML extensibility;a classification of stereotypes for object-oriented modeling languages;first-class extensibility for UML;UML-based fusion analysis;using UML for modelling the static part of a software process;framework for describing UML compatible development processes;on the behavior of complex object-oriented systems;UML-RT as a candidate for modeling embedded real-time systems in the telecommunication domain;modeling hard real time systems with UML;UML based performance modeling framework for object-oriented distributed systems;defining the context of OCL expressions;mixing visual and textual constraint languages and correct realizations of interface constraints with OCL.

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A CORBA service enabling programmer-friendly object-oriented real-time distributed computing

A CORBA service enabling programmer-friendly object-oriented...

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Workshop on object-oriented real-time Dependable Systems (WORDS)

作者： K.H. Kim D. Beck J.Q. Liu H. Miyazaki E.H. Shokri DREAM Laboratory University of California Irvine Irvine CA USA Sun Microsystems Palo Alto CA USA

The TMO (time-triggered message-triggered object) structuring scheme has been established to remove the severe limitations of conventional object structuring techniques in developing real-time distributed computing (RTdC) applications. To facilitate the construction of TMO-structured RTdC applications consisting of CORBA-compliant TMO components, a middleware named TMO Execution Support (TMOES) has been created. TMOES itself is a CORBA object that can be supported by any ORB conforming to the standard specifications. Its instantiation must reside in every computing node involved in RTdC applications. This paper presents the architecture and an implementation model of TMOES.

关键词： distributed computing Electrical capacitance tomography Middleware Computer applications real time systems Operating systems Programming profession Sun Computer architecture Collaboration

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