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Efficient representation and streaming of 3D scenes

COMPUTERS & GRAPHICS-UK 2004年第1期28卷 15-24页

作者： Sahm, J Soetebier, I Birthelmer, H Fraunhofer Inst Graph Datenverarbeitung Abt Animat & Bildkommunikat D-64283 Darmstadt Germany

In the last few years several approaches (Proceedings of the Second international workshop on distributed interactive simulation and real-time Application, 1998, pp. 88-91;EUROGRAPHICS 2001, vol. 20(3) 2001) have been presented, which address the transmission and visualization of 3D scenes on distributed devices with different capabilities. These techniques are in the interest of a wide field of applications such as virtual chatrooms, product presentations, CAVE visualizations, 3D simulations, or 3D online games. In order to adapt the immense data effort to the capabilities of the devices and the networks, two basic problems have to be solved: the selection of the information according to the user's interest and the reduction of the selected data. Usually the first problem is reduced to visual aspects, which can be determined by visibility culling algorithms. This paper concentrates on the second problem and introduces a system in order to stream the data of even large 3D scenes to remote devices. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： curve, surface, solid, and object representations distributed data structures distributed/network graphics distributed virtual environment

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Visibility path-finding in relation to hybrid strategy-based models in distributed interactive applications 04

Visibility path-finding in relation to hybrid strategy-based...

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8th IEEE international Symposium on distributed simulation and real-time applications (DS-RT 2004)

作者： Madden, D Delaney, D McLoone, S Ward, T Natl Univ Ireland Dept Comp Sci Maynooth Kildare Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)0769522327

The hybrid strategy-based modeling approach is a method for reducing the number of network packets that need to be transmitted to maintain global consistency in distributed interactive applications. It combines a short-term model such as dead reckoning with a long-term strategy model. A key aspect of this approach is to determine strategies that users adopt in navigating the simulated environment to satisfy some objective or goal. Computer-generated artificial entities called BOTS, navigate by employing an Artificial Intelligence technique called path finding. This paper proposes using the A* pathfinding algorithm to automatically compute strategies that human users might take through the simulated environment. Since the A* algorithm operates on a graph representation of the environment and because of the real-time constraints imposed on distributed interactive applications, the paper also carries out a comparative analysis of two extreme graph representations of the environment - a standard regular grid and a minimal grid representation. The comparison shows that the minimal grid leads to an order of magnitude reduction in real-time computation compared to the regular grid. In addition the paths computed using the minimal grid and the A* algorithm are used to determine strategy models as part of the hybrid strategy-based modeling approach. It is shown that this reduces the network traffic required to maintain global consistency of entity dynamics in two simulated environments.

关键词： Computational modeling Navigation Grid computing Application software Dead reckoning Artificial intelligence Humans Algorithm design and analysis Telecommunication traffic Traffic control

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Stateless application-level multicast for dynamic group communication 04

Stateless application-level multicast for dynamic group comm...

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8th IEEE international Symposium on distributed simulation and real-time applications (DS-RT 2004)

作者： Popescu, G Liu, Z IBM Corp TJ Watson Res Ctr Armonk NY 10504 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769522327

Group communication in large-scale interactive applications such as real-time conferencing and collaboration, networked virtual environments (e.g. massively multi-player games) requires efficient, low-overhead group communication mechanisms. In this paper we consider the application-level (or end-system) multicast and propose a stateless group communication mechanism together with its tree building algorithms. Stateless multicast reduces the control signaling of dynamic multicast groups linearly with the group size. To support interactive applications involving a large number of dynamic multicast groups, the application level multicast uses stateless forwarding within clusters of network nodes and hierarchical aggregation of multicast group membership. We show that dynamic tree construction achieve low computation overhead with a controlled degradation of the end-to-end data path performance.

关键词： Communication system control Large-scale systems Peer to peer computing Multicast algorithms Quality of service Virtual environment Delay distributed control Scalability Bandwidth

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Investigating behavioural state data-partitioning for user-modelling in distributed interactive applications 04

Investigating behavioural state data-partitioning for user-m...

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8th IEEE international Symposium on distributed simulation and real-time applications (DS-RT 2004)

作者： McCoy, A McLoone, S Ward, T Delaney, D Natl Univ Ireland Dept Elect Engn Maynooth Kildare Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)0769522327

distributed interactive applications (DIAs) have been gaining commercial success in recent years due to the widespread appeal of networked multiplayer computer games. Within these games, participants interact with each other and their environment, producing complex behavioural patterns that evolve over time. These patterns are non-linear, and often appear to exhibit dependencies under certain conditions. In this paper, we analyse the behavioural patterns of two users interacting in a DIA. Our motivation behind this analysis is to construct models of user behaviour that can be used within Entity-State-Update (ESU) mechanisms. By representing their behaviour as time-series datasets, we investigate the use of simple statistical dependence measures to help partition the datasets and identify three different types of behavioural states exhibited by the two users. It is our intention that future research on ESU mechanisms can utilize this behavioural partitioning to reduce the network traffic in a DIA based on a hybrid-model approach.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Application software Computer networks distributed computing Computer science Electronic mail Pattern analysis Telecommunication traffic Virtual reality Collaboration

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Collaboration around shared objects in immersive virtual environments 04

Collaboration around shared objects in immersive virtual env...

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8th IEEE international Symposium on distributed simulation and real-time applications (DS-RT 2004)

作者： Wolff, R Roberts, DJ Otto, O Univ Salford Ctr Virtual Environm Salford M5 4WT Lancs England

ISBN: (纸本)0769522327

Many teamwork tasks in the real world require the shared manipulation of objects, both sequentially and concurrently. Collaborative virtual environments (CVE) bring remote people together in an interactive, spatial social and information context that is distributed over a network. Supporting highly collaborative tasks in a natural manner requires a thorough understanding of event traffic as distinct forms of shared object manipulation are bound to diverse real-time and consistency constraints. This position paper summarises our findings during user trials around the shared manipulation of objects within linked immersive displays and introduce a CVE system with a flexible event-handling framework that allows task-oriented consistency control.

关键词： Virtual environment international collaboration

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interactive virtual reality on the grid 04

Interactive virtual reality on the grid

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8th IEEE international Symposium on distributed simulation and real-time applications (DS-RT 2004)

作者： Kranzlmüller, D Rosmanith, H Heinzlreiter, P Polak, M Univ Linz GUP A-4040 Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)0769522327

The grid has received a substantial amount of interest (and funding) over the past few years, even though the majority of grid applications are still batch-oriented. For this reason, extensions to grid middle-ware are a basic necessity to advance the idea of the grid into new application domains. The glogin tool and its integration into the Grid Visualization Kernel (GVK) yield both, interactivity and visualization, into the grid. While glogin enables the tunneling of arbitrary interactive traffic in and out of the grid, GVK offers transparent visualization services for grid applications while exploiting the grid's performance for time-consuming visualization tasks. In this paper, the utilization of glogin and GVK is demonstrated for Virtual reality (VR) environments. Two distinct approaches for VR, using either abstract visualization objects or video streams, are explained, highlighting advantages and disadvantages of each.

关键词： Virtual reality Grid computing Data visualization Kernel Workstations Contracts Tunneling High performance computing Application software Middleware

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Monitoring of HLA grid application federates with OCM-G 04

Monitoring of HLA grid application federates with OCM-G

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8th IEEE international Symposium on distributed simulation and real-time applications (DS-RT 2004)

作者： Rycerz, K Balis, B Szymacha, R Bubak, M Sloot, P AGH Univ Sci & Technol Inst Comp Sci PL-30059 Krakow Poland

ISBN: (纸本)0769522327

In this paper we describe a Grid-enabled system for monitoring HLA-based applications to enable load balancing by migration of federates. The monitoring is based on the OCM-G system [2]. We show how the design concepts of the OCM-G enable easy adaptation to monitoring of HLA, C++-based applications. The solution presented in this paper is transparent to the user application and does not require any changes to the original HLA RTI code. We also describe the role of monitoring the whole system for managing execution of HLA-based applications described in [25]. We discuss implementation issues and present test results for the monitoring overhead.

关键词： interactive simulation monitoring OCM-G grid computing HLA OGSA

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3D web-based virtual simulation environments extensibility through interactive non-linear stories 04

3D web-based virtual simulation environments extensibility t...

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8th IEEE international Symposium on distributed simulation and real-time applications (DS-RT 2004)

作者： Boukerche, A de Araujo, RB Duarte, DD Univ Ottawa SITE Ottawa ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0769522327

3D virtual simulation environments (VE) applications have been impelled mainly by the computer games industry, military and industrial training and product design development. However, most of the existing systems are focused on specific tasks and have a supporting structure, which is closely tight to the application. As a consequence, a change in the application usually means a change in the supporting structure too, making it difficult and expensive to develop new or to extend existing VEs. In this paper, we present a novel approach to building and extending 3D virtual simulation environments through the integration of interactive non-linear stories and Virtual reality. With this approach, VEs are composed as non-linear stories which can be changed either completely or partly, making it easier for developers to build and/or extend VEs applications, such as highly dynamic marketing campaigns to 3D virtual shops, customized training courses, educational and entertainment games, etc. Moreover, the use of a nonlinear story for building a VE application can also facilitate the communication among the different professionals involved in the building of complex VE applications.

关键词： Application software Computational modeling Computer simulation Military computing Industrial training Computer industry Defense industry Toy industry Product design Buildings

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An optimal charge balancing model for fast distributed SystemC simulation in IP/SoC design

An optimal charge balancing model for fast distributed Syste...

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4th IEEE international workshop on System-on-Chip for real-time applications (IWSOC 2004)

作者： Meftali, S Dekeyser, JL LIFL France

ISBN: (纸本)0769521827

In this paper, we present a novel and systematic approach to resolve the problem of charge balancing to reduce the simulation time for distributed simulation models. Our model is based on an exact method and permits obtaining an optimal repartition of the SystemC modules constituting a SoC on several simulators in geographically distributed hosts, connected through a network (Internet, Intranet). The model is an integer linear program with Boolean variables, where the objective is to minimize the simulation time, under some simple constraints. This keeps the program's complexity very acceptable. The effectiveness of this approach is shown on a packet routing switch example.

关键词： Logic design

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ReTiS: A real-time simulation tool for the analysis of distributed real-time applications

ReTiS: A real-time simulation tool for the analysis of distr...

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2004 IEEE international workshop on Factory Communication Systems - Proceedings, WFCS 2004

作者： Briday, Mikaël Béchennec, Jean-Luc Trinquet, Yvon IRCCyN UMR CNRS 6597 1 rue de la Noë 44321 Nantes Cedex 3 France

This paper presents a simulation tool for real-time applications analysis. simulation concerns the operational architecture and takes into account the executable code of real-time tasks and the execution support model: set of processors, network and basic software (real-time executive and communication system). We show in this paper a mechanism allowing to track data transfers and its interest for the analysis of the temporal behavior of real-time programs in a distributed system. © 2004 IEEE.

关键词： distributed computer systems

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