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A model-driven formal methods approach to software architectural security vulnerabilities specification and verification

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND software 2025年 219卷

作者： Rouland, Quentin Hamid, Brahim Jaskolka, Jason Univ Quebec Outaouais Comp Sci & Engn Dept 283 Alexandre Tache Blvd Gatineau PQ J8X 3X7 Canada Univ Toulouse IRIT 118 Route Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse Occitanie France Carleton Univ Syst & Comp Engn 1125 Colonel By Dr Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada

Detecting and addressing security vulnerabilities in software designs is crucial for ensuring the reliable and safe operation of systems. Existing approaches for vulnerability specification lack the necessary flexibility for practical use. To tackle this issue, we propose an integrated model-driven approach for vulnerability detection and treatment during software architecture design. The approach involves specifying vulnerabilities as properties of a modeled system in a technology-independent language, expressing conditions for vulnerability detection using a language supported by automated tools, and recommending security requirements to mitigate detected vulnerabilities. Formalized vulnerabilities and security requirements are presented as model libraries to facilitate reuse. Our methodology employs first-order and modal logic as a technology-independent formalism, with Alloy as the tool-supported language for modeling and software development. We have developed a model-driven engineering (MDE) tool to implement this approach. To validate our work, we apply it to representative vulnerabilities based on the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) classifications within the context of secure component-based software architecture development.

关键词： engineering secure systems model-driven approach software architecture Vulnerability Formal methods Metamodel

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Bridging MDE and AI: a systematic review of domain-specific languages and model-driven practices in AI software systems engineering

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software AND SYSTEMS modelING 2025年第2期24卷 445-469页

作者： Raedler, Simon Berardinelli, Luca Winter, Karolin Rahimi, Abbas Rinderle-Ma, Stefanie Tech Univ Munich TUM Sch Computat Informat & Technol Dept Comp Sci Boltzmannstr 3 D-85748 Garching Germany Vienna Univ Technol Business Informat Grp Favoritenstr 9-11 194-3 A-1040 Vienna Austria Johannes Kepler Univ Linz Dept Business Informat Software Engn Altenberger Str 69 A-4040 Linz Austria Eindhoven Univ Technol Dept Ind Engn & Innovat Sci Groene Loper 3 NL-5612 AE Eindhoven Netherlands

Technical systems are becoming increasingly complex due to the increasing number of components, functions, and involvement of different disciplines. In this regard, model-driven engineering techniques and practices tame complexity during the development process by using models as primary artifacts. modeling can be carried out through domain-specific languages whose implementation is supported by model-driven techniques. Today, the amount of data generated during product development is rapidly growing, leading to an increased need to leverage artificial intelligence algorithms. However, using these algorithms in practice can be difficult and time-consuming. Therefore, leveraging domain-specific languages and model-driven techniques for formulating AI algorithms or parts of them can reduce these complexities and be advantageous. This study aims to investigate the existing model-driven approaches relying on domain-specific languages in support of the engineering of AI software systems to sharpen future research further and define the current state of the art. We conducted a Systemic Literature Review (SLR), collecting papers from five major databases resulting in 1335 candidate studies, eventually retaining 18 primary studies. Each primary study will be evaluated and discussed with respect to the adoption of (1) MDE principles and practices and (2) the phases of AI development support aligned with the stages of the CRISP-DM methodology. The study's findings show that language workbenches are of paramount importance in dealing with all aspects of modeling language development (metamodel, concrete syntax, and model transformation) and are leveraged to define domain-specific languages (DSL) explicitly addressing AI concerns. The most prominent AI-related concerns are training and modeling of the AI algorithm, while minor emphasis is given to the time-consuming preparation of the data sets. Early project phases that support interdisciplinary communication of requirements,

关键词： model-driven engineering Artificial intelligence MDE4AI Domain-specific language SLR Literature review Machine learning

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A Systematic Review of model-driven Game development Studies

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GAMES 2025年第1期17卷 1-12页

作者： Payandeh, Amirreza Sharbaf, Mohammadreza Rahimi, Shekoufeh Kolahdouz Univ Isfahan Dept Software Engn Esfahan *** Iran Univ Roehampton Sch Arts London SW15 5PH England

model-driven game development (MDGD) leverages the concept of model-driven engineering and game development. The focus of MDGD is to automate the game development process by emphasizing a higher level of abstraction, which will make game development faster and easier. In recent years, researchers in the MDGD community have developed several approaches in this domain. The goal of this article is to survey and classify existing works in MDGD, identify the challenges in this domain, and provide promising future research directions. To achieve this, we conducted a systematic review by selecting 43 articles from a set of 849. The results show that MDE techniques are used to develop games in various genres. 42% of the investigated studies proposed a graphical concrete syntax for game specification and 56% of them used different target environment tools, such as Unity Engine. Moreover, our suggestions include taking advantage of tooling environments and focusing on game components rather than a complete game.

关键词： Games Computational modeling Systematics software Planning Codes Video games Domain-specific language (DSL) game development game feature model model-driven software engineering

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Requirements specification using templates: a model-driven approach

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software AND SYSTEMS modelING 2025年 1-38页

作者： Darif, Ikram El Boussaidi, Ghizlane Kpodjedo, Segla Ecole Technol Super Dept Software & IT Engn Montreal PQ Canada

Requirements specification and verification are crucial processes of software development. These processes are particularly costly for safety critical systems due to the high number of requirements and their complexity. For such systems, it is important to use natural language for the specification, as requirements need to be readable by non-technical stakeholders and certification agents. To mitigate the inherent ambiguity caused by the use of natural language, controlled natural languages (CNL) are introduced as a means to constrain the specification while maintaining readability. In this paper, we leverage model-driven engineering (MDE) to propose RESPECT, REquirements SPECification using Templates, a CNL-based approach for requirements specification and verification. The fundamental idea of RESPECT is to use MDE techniques to: 1) model requirements' templates and thus ease their creation, implementation and evolution and 2) link the template models to existing domain models to support, to some extent, requirements verification and auto-filling. We provide a systematic process for the creation of customizable and reusable templates, which, to the best of our knowledge, represents a novel contribution. The application of this systematic process to a subset of the ARINC-653 standard from the avionics domain, resulted in seven templates that cover various types of requirements. We developed a tool, called MD-RSuT, that supports the specification of requirements using the seven templates created for ARINC-653, and the automated verification and auto-filling of requirements using an ARINC domain model. We evaluated the applicability of the approach across domains, and its effectiveness in improving requirements quality in terms of necessity, unambiguity, completeness, singularity, and verifiability. To do so, we applied the approach on three case studies coming from different domains, namely avionics, automotive, and general purpose software. This evaluation encompass

关键词： model-driven engineering Requirements specification Requirements verification Controlled natural language Requirement templates Domain models Safety critical systems

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Modular language product lines: concept, tool and analysis

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software AND SYSTEMS modelING 2024年 1-30页

作者： de Lara, Juan Guerra, Esther Bottoni, Paolo Univ Autonoma Madrid Modelling & Software Engn Res Grp Madrid Spain Sapienza Univ Rome Dept Comp Sci Rome Italy

modelling languages are intensively used in paradigms like model-driven engineering to automate all tasks of the development process. These languages may have variants, in which case the need arises to deal with language families rather than with individual languages. However, specifying the syntax and semantics of each language variant separately in an enumerative way is costly, hinders reuse across variants, and may yield inconsistent semantics between variants. Hence, we propose a novel, modular and compositional approach to describing product lines of modelling languages. It enables the incremental definition of language families by means of modules comprising meta-model fragments, graph transformation rules, and rule extensions. language variants are configured by selecting the desired modules, which entails the composition of a language meta-model and a set of rules defining its semantics. This paper describes: a theory for checking well-formedness, instantiability, and consistent semantics of all languages within the family;an implementation as an Eclipse plugin;and an evaluation reporting drastic specification size and analysis time reduction in comparison to an enumerative approach.

关键词： model-driven engineering Graph transformation Product lines Meta-modelling software language engineering

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End-to-end development of product lines for web systems

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON software TOOLS FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2025年第2期27卷 201-219页

作者： Setyautami, Maya R. A. Haehnle, Reiner Azurat, Ade Budiardjo, Eko K. Univ Indonesia Fac Comp Sci Depok Jawa Barat Indonesia Tech Univ Darmstadt Dept Comp Sci Darmstadt Germany

This article proposes a novel framework for the development of product lines for web systems. software product line engineering is a well-established reuse mechanism to aid development of related software products with a large degree of variability. Web systems, which exhibit high variability (different capabilities in each deployment) and commonality (similar user interfaces and functionalities), are very well suited for this approach. At the same time, web systems are amenable to model-driven software engineering, because they typically encompass loosely coupled and fixed functionality, which makes code generation feasible. In consequence, a model-driven software product line engineering (MDSPLE) approach to develop web systems is natural and in fact was variously suggested. However, all existing MDSPLE proposals either cover mainly the problem space. If they address the solution space at all, the technology is not variability-aware. In consequence, they lack reusability at the code level and feature-granular traceability. Our contribution is an MDSPLE-based framework that permits seamless end-to-end development of web systems. The framework is fully implemented and evaluated with realistic web systems in actual use. Our solution consists of two parts: A variability-aware extension of UML diagrams in the problem space and a feature-oriented behavioral modeling language in the solution space. Both languages have been carefully chosen (and extended) to provide a tightly fitting technology match and are based on delta-oriented programming.

关键词： Delta-oriented programming software product line engineering UML profile Web system Code generation

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modeling and Digital Twins: Insights and Strategies for software Engineers

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IEEE software 2025年第2期42卷 92-96页

作者： Abrahao, Silvia Staron, Miroslaw Michael, Judith Combemale, Benoit Chechik, Marsha Univ Politecn Valencia Dept Comp Syst & Computat Software Engn Valencia 46022 Spain Chalmers Univ Technol Comp Sci & Engn Dept Interact Design & Software Engn Div SE-41296 Gothenburg Sweden Univ Gothenburg SE-41296 Gothenburg Sweden Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Chair Software Engn D-52062 Aachen Germany Univ Rennes Dept Comp Sci F-35065 Rennes France Univ Toronto Dept Comp Sci Toronto ON M5S 2E4 Canada

software modeling and digital twins are transforming the way software engineers design, operate, and maintain complex systems. In this column, we highlight cutting-edge research presented at the ACM/IEEE 27th International Conference on model-driven engineering languages and Systems (modelS 2024) and the 1st International Conference on engineering Digital Twins (EDTconf 2024). The selected papers tackle critical challenges in improving system understanding, enhancing stakeholder communication, streamlining design and development processes, optimizing lifecycles, and enabling seamless integration of complex systems.

关键词： software model driven engineering Digital Twins Stakeholders Complex Systems software Technology Digital Twin Complex Systems Design Process Systems engineering modeling Techniques International Conference Sequence Diagram Federation Syntactic Natural language Variety Of Sources Power Grid Manufacturing Industry Application Programming Interface Automotive Industry Ethical Requirements Rule Based Approach Smart Meters Space Technology Agile development Automotive Manufacturing Semantic Interoperability Domain Specific languages

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Exploring the Effectiveness and Trends of Domain-Specific model driven engineering: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR)

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IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 86809-86830页

作者： Zafar, Amina Azam, Farooque Latif, Afshan Anwar, Muhammad Waseem Safdar, Aon Natl Univ Sci & Technol Coll Elect & Mech Engn Dept Comp & Software Engn Islamabad 44000 Pakistan

Rapid technological advancements have resulted in increasingly complex software systems, posing challenges during development in terms of time and cost. Adopting domain-specific modeling (DSM) brings numerous benefits to software engineering, including enhanced efficiency, improved maintenance capabilities, higher software quality, reduced development time, and increased potential for cost-effective software solutions through improved reusability. Despite the proven effectiveness of DSM in various domains, a study summarizing recent advancements is hard to find in the state-of-the-art. Therefore, in this article, we present a comprehensive systematic literature review that examines the application of DSM in various domains (4). We selected 99 studies and classified those into four categories, i.e., meta-modeling (42), domain-specific languages (39), UML profiles (9), and general (9) based on the use of DSM approaches. We identified various tools from the selected studies, i.e., 21 existing and 91 proposed or developed. Moreover, model-driven engineering (MDE) techniques, including validation (12), simulation (5), verification (4), and software architectural modeling (3), are presented and analyzed. We further explained the type of model transformation employed in each study, i.e., model-to-text (49) and model-to-model (4). Finally, the regions participating in DSM's growth are also investigated. It is concluded that Ecore is the leading meta-modeling tool, Xtext is the often-used domain-specific tool, Sirius is graphical, and UPPAAL is the most utilized verification tool identified. Moreover, Validation is a frequently used MDE technique, and model-to-text transformation with Acceleo is the most utilized transformation type in the selected studies. The comprehensive results of this research provide valuable guidance for DSM researchers and practitioners in choosing a suitable tool and technique that meets their specific requirements.

关键词： model-driven engineering domain-specific modeling domain-specific language

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A personal retrospective on language workbenches

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software AND SYSTEMS modelING 2023年第3期22卷 847-850页

作者： van den Brand, Mark Eindhoven Univ Technol Dept Math & Comp Sci Groene Loper NL-5612 AZ Eindhoven Netherlands

model-driven software engineering and specifically domain-specific languages have contributed to improve the quality of software and the efficiency in the development of software. However, the design and implementation of domain-specific languages requires still an enormous investment. language workbenches are the most important tools in the field of software language engineering. The introduction of language workbenches has alleviated partly the development effort, but there are still a few major challenges that need to be tackled. This paper presents a personal perspective on the development of tools for language engineering and language workbenches in particular and future challenges to be tackled.

关键词： language engineering DSLs Programming environment generators language workbenches

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Cross-platform edge deployment of machine learning models: a model-driven approach

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software AND SYSTEMS modelING 2025年 1-25页

作者： Landgren, Albin Karlsson Johnsen, Philip Perhult Struber, Daniel Chalmers Univ Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Gothenburg Sweden Univ Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Radboud Univ Nijmegen Dept Software Sci Nijmegen Netherlands

Deploying machine learning (ML) models on edge devices presents unique challenges, arising from the different environments used for developing ML models and those required for their deployment, leading to a gray area of competence and expertise between ML engineers and application developers. In this paper, we explore the use of model-driven engineering to simplify the deployment of ML models on edge devices, specifically smartphones. We present a DSL for the specification of the ML serving pipelines (pre- and postprocessing of data before and after inference), together with a model interpretation approach that allows to make changes to the pipeline during runtime, thus removing the need to re-release an application upon changes to a pipeline. We followed a design science approach, in which we elicited requirements through an initial artifact study and interviews with engineers at an industrial partner. This was followed by the design and implementation of a lightweight, JSON-based domain-specific language designed to describe ML serving pipelines, along with an accompanying Flutter library to execute the pipelines during runtime. A preliminary evaluation with four developers shows the potential of this approach to increase development speed, decrease the amount of code required to make changes to an ML serving pipeline, and make less-experienced engineers more confident contributing to the domain.

关键词： model-driven engineering MDE4AI AI engineering Mobile applications

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