Step Chemical Reaction Networks (step CRNs) are an augmentation of the Chemical Reaction Network (CRN) model where additional species may be introduced to the system in a sequence of "steps." We study step C...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783031637421
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031637414;9783031637421
Step Chemical Reaction Networks (step CRNs) are an augmentation of the Chemical Reaction Network (CRN) model where additional species may be introduced to the system in a sequence of "steps." We study step CRN systems using a weak subset of reaction rules, void rules, in which molecular species can only be deleted. We demonstrate that step CRNs with only void rules of size (2,0) can simulate threshold formulas (TFs) under linear resources. These limited systems can also simulate threshold circuits (TCs) by modifying the volume of the system to be exponential. We then prove a matching exponential lower bound on the required volume for simulating threshold circuits in a step CRN with (2,0)-size rules under a restricted gate-wise simulation, thus showing our construction is optimal for simulating circuits in this way.
Categorical and numerical attributes occur frequently in cluster analysis tasks. To bridge the information gap between the heterogeneous categorical and numerical attributes in cluster analysis, the existing approache...
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This work addresses the long quest for proving full (adaptive) security for attribute-based encryption (ABE). We show that in order to prove full security in a black-box manner, the scheme must be "irregular"...
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Designing seamless, frictionless user experiences has long been a dominant trend in both applied behavioral science and artificial intelligence (AI), in which the goal of making desirable actions easy and efficient in...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031613524;9783031613531
Designing seamless, frictionless user experiences has long been a dominant trend in both applied behavioral science and artificial intelligence (AI), in which the goal of making desirable actions easy and efficient informs efforts to minimize friction in user experiences. However, in some settings, friction can be genuinely beneficial, such as the insertion of deliberate delays to increase reflection, preventing individuals from resorting to automatic or biased behaviors, and enhancing opportunities for unexpected discoveries. More recently, the popularization and availability of AI on a widespread scale has only increased the need to examine how friction can help or hinder users of AI;it also suggests a need to consider how positive friction can benefit AI practitioners, both during development processes (e.g., working with diverse teams) and to inform how AI is designed into offerings. This paper first proposes a 'positive friction' model that can help characterize how friction is currently beneficial in user and developer experiences with AI, diagnose the potential need for friction where it may not yet exist in these contexts, and inform how positive friction can be used to generate solutions, especially as advances in AI continue to be progress and new opportunities emerge. It then explores this model in the context of AI users and developers by proposing the value of taking a hybrid 'AI+human' lens, and concludes by suggesting questions for further exploration.
Online Social Networks (OSNs) have become ubiquitous platforms for individuals to express their thoughts and emotions, making them valuable sources for studying mental health. This paper presents a novel Deep Learning...
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In machine learning, efficiently leveraging large datasets is essential, particularly when computational resources are limited. Sample compression techniques, which involve using carefully chosen subsets of data to tr...
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Current software development has moved away from the traditional manual workshop model and emphasizes improving software product quality. To address the issue of repetitive work, software reuse techniques can be adopt...
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In multidimensional geriatric assessment, elderly patients are evaluated from different points of view to decide whether to accept or reject their requests for special benefits. The decision is taken in several stages...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031782374;9783031782381
In multidimensional geriatric assessment, elderly patients are evaluated from different points of view to decide whether to accept or reject their requests for special benefits. The decision is taken in several stages and it does not currently rely on any decision support system. The need to make it more equitable and consistent gave rise to this case study, based on data relating to a retrospective cohort of patients over 67 years of age, who underwent a geriatric examination and geriatric multi-dimensional assessment. To avoid selection and evaluation bias, it was deemed appropriate to consider only patients evaluated with the same methodology and measurement scales. In a preliminary step some inconsistencies were identified in the available data-set. Then, a subset of patients in need for a re-evaluation was defined by a suitable combination of different methods: namely, threshold values related to single indicators, dominance analysis and search for inconsistent pairs. This subset of patients was re-evaluated and a tentative classification model was developed. Therefore, the outcome of the case study was a critical review of the data, the model and the decision-making process.
Machine learning has made remarkable advancements, but confidently utilising learning-enabled components in safety-critical domains still poses challenges. Among the challenges, it is known that a rigorous, yet practi...
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The paper describes and analyzes an Average Schwarz Method with spectrally enriched coarse space for a reduced Hsieh-Clough-Tocher (RHCT) finite element discretization of a 4th-order elliptic multiscale problem. The d...
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