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CURRENT BIOLOGY 2010年第18期20卷 1589-1601页

作者： Cachero, Sebastian Ostrovsky, Aaron D. Yu, Jai Y. Dickson, Barry J. Jefferis, Gregory S. X. E. MRC Lab Mol Biol Div Neurobiol Cambridge CB2 0QH England Res Inst Mol Pathol A-1030 Vienna Austria

Background: Sex-specific behavior may originate from differences in brain structure or function. In Drosophila, the action of the male-specific isoform of fruitless in about 2000 neurons appears to be necessary and sufficient for many aspects of male courtship behavior. Initial work found limited evidence for anatomical dimorphism in these fru+ neurons. Subsequently, three discrete anatomical differences in central brain fru+ neurons have been reported, but the global organization of sex differences in wiring is unclear. Results: A global search for structural differences in the Drosophila brain identified large volumetric differences between males and females, mostly in higher brain centers. In parallel, saturating clonal analysis of fru+ neurons using mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker identified 62 neuroblast lineages that generate fru+ neurons in the brain. Coregistering images from male and female brains identified 19 new dimorphisms in males;these are highly concentrated in male-enlarged higher brain centers. Seven dimorphic lineages also had female-specific arbors. In addition, at least 5 of 51 fru+ lineages in the nerve cord are dimorphic. We use these data to predict >700 potential sites of dimorphic neural connectivity. These are particularly enriched in third-order olfactory neurons of the lateral horn, where we provide strong evidence for dimorphic anatomical connections by labeling partner neurons in different colors in the same brain. Conclusion: Our analysis reveals substantial differences in wiring and gross anatomy between male and female fly brains. Reciprocal connection differences in the lateral horn offer a plausible explanation for opposing responses to sex phero-mones in male and female flies.

关键词： SEXUAL dimorphism in animals BRAIN -- physiology NEURONS COURTSHIP in animals DROSOPHILA -- Behavior SEX differences (Biology)

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Robust multi-component modeling of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging data

Robust multi-component modeling of diffusion tensor magnetic...

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medical imaging 2005 Conference

作者： Kadah, YM Ma, XY LaConte, S Yassine, I Hu, XP Cairo Univ Dept Biomed Engn Giza Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)0819457205

In conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) based on magnetic resonance data, each voxel is assumed to contain a single component having diffusion properties that can be fully represented by a single tensor. In spite of its apparent lack of generality, this assumption has been widely used in clinical and research purpose. This resulted in situations where correct interpretation of data was hampered by mixing of components and/or tractography Even though this assumption can be valid in some cases, the general case involves mixing of components resulting in significant deviation from the single tensor model. Hence, a strategy that allows the decomposition of data based on a mixture model has the potential of enhancing the diagnostic value of DTI. This work aims at developing a stable solution for the most general problem of multi-component modeling of diffusion tensor imaging data. This model does not include any assumptions about the nature or volume ratio of any of the components and utilizes a projection pursuit based strategy whereby a combination of exhaustive search and least-squares estimation is used to estimate ID projections of the solution. Then, such solutions are combined to compute the multidimensional components in a fast and robust manner. The new method is demonstrated by both computer simulations and real diffusion-weighted data. The preliminary results indicate the success of the new method and its potential to enhance the interpretation of DTI data sets.

关键词： diffusion imaging magnetic resonance imaging projection pursuit regression

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medical imaging 2002: physiology and function from multidimensional images

Medical imaging 2002: Physiology and function from multidime...

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medical imaging 2002: physiology and function from multidimensional images

The proceedings contains 53 papers from the conference on medical imaging 2002: physiology and function from Multimensional images. Topics discussed include: dual-modality imaging of function and physiology;contactless mapping of rhythmical phenomena in tissue perfusion using PPGI;improved cardiac wall motion tracking based on harmonic phase technique;covering all clinically significant areas of the colon surface in virtual colonscopy;and multiresolution retinal vessel tracker based on directional smoothing.

关键词： medical imaging

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Erratum: (medical imaging 2002 - physiology and function from multidimensional images (24-26 February 2002))

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical ...

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Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 2002年 4683卷 501-501页

作者： Clough, Anne V. Chen, Chin-Tu

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medical imaging 2001 : physiology and function from multidimensional images

Medical imaging 2001 : Physiology and function from multidim...

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medical imaging 2001: physiology and function from multidimensional images

The proceedings contains 62 papers from medical imaging 2001: physiology and functions from multidimensional images. The topics discussed included: physiologic modeling from images;virtual endoscopy;dynamic imaging;new development in functional imaging;lung imaging;imaging of the vasculature;functional magnetic resonance imaging;brain imaging and poster session.

关键词： medical imaging

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Dual-modality imaging of function and physiology

Dual-modality Imaging of function and physiology

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medical imaging 2002 Conference

作者： Hasegawa, BH Iwata, K Wong, KH Wu, MC Da Silva, A Tang, HR Barber, WC Hwang, AB Sakdinawat, AE Univ Calif San Francisco Phys Res Lab San Francisco CA 94080 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444286

Dual-modality imaging is a technique where computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is combined with positron emission tomography or single-photon computed tomography to acquire structural and functional images with an integrated system. The data are acquired during a single procedure with the patient on a table viewed by both detectors to facilitate correlation between the structural and function images. The resulting data can be useful for localization for more specific diagnosis of disease. In addition, the anatomical information can be used to compensate the correlated radionuclide data for physical perturbations such as photon attenuation, scatter radiation, and partial volume errors. Thus, dual-modality imaging provides a priori information that can be used to improve both the visual quality and the quantitative accuracy of the radionuclide images. Dual-modality imaging systems also are being developed for biological research that involves small animals. The small-animal dual-modality systems offer advantages for measurements that currently are performed invasively using autoradiography and tissue sampling. By acquiring the required data noninvasively, dual-modality imaging has the potential to allow serial studies in a single animal, to perform measurements with fewer animals, and to improve the statistical quality of the data.

关键词： dual-modality imaging PET/CT SPECT/CT small animal imaging

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Reconstruction of 3D geometric models of pulmonary arteries from cardiac CT images

Reconstruction of 3D geometric models of pulmonary arteries ...

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medical imaging 2002 Conference

作者： Yu, CC Ching, YT Chen, SJ Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Comp & Informat Sci Hsinchu 30050 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0819444286

We present a method to construct the geometric model of the pulmonary arteries from a set of cardiac CT scan images. It is desired that the model is in rectangular meshes. The main difficulties in this work are insufficient resolution along z-direction, the requirement of the rectangular meshes, and the geometric shape of the pulmonary arteries. We present a method that is based on estimation the medial axis and the radii of the vessel along the axis. We evaluate the proposed method using a phantom data set. The proposed method can achieve good reconstructed result for the phantom data set.

关键词： pulmonary arteries 3D geometric model spline curve CT scan

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Noninvasive functional cardiac electrical source imaging - Combining MRI and ECG mapping for imaging electrical function

Noninvasive functional cardiac electrical source imaging - C...

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medical imaging 2002 Conference

作者： Tilg, B Modre, R Fischer, G Hanser, F Messnarz, B Schocke, MFH Kremser, C Roithinger, FX Univ Hlth Informat & Technol Tyrol A-6020 Innsbruck Austria

ISBN: (纸本)0819444286

Inverse electrocardiography has been developing for several years. By coupling electrocardiographic mapping and 3D+time anatomical data, the electrical excitation sequence can be imaged completely noninvasively in the human heart. In this study, a bidomain theory based surface heart model activation time imaging approach was applied to single beat data of atrial and ventricular depolarization. For sinus and paced rhythms, the sites of early activation and the areas with late activation were estimated with sufficient accuracy. In particular for focal arrhythmias, this model-based imaging approach might allow the guidance and evaluation of antiarrhythmic interventions, for instance, in case of catheter ablation or drug therapy.

关键词： medical imaging human heart transmembrane potential activation time electrocardiography nonlinear ill-posed inverse problem magnetic resonance imaging

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3-d inter-subject warping and registration of pulmonary CT images for a human lung model

3-d inter-subject warping and registration of pulmonary CT i...

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medical imaging 2002 Conference

作者： Li, BJ Christensen, GE Dill, J Hoffman, EA Reinhardt, JM Univ Iowa Dept Biomed Engn Iowa City IA 52242 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444286

CT can be used to study pulmonary structure-function relationships. There is a growing clinical need to match pulmonary structures across individuals to detect abnormal structure due to disease and to compare regional pulmonary function. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme for registering and warping 3-D pulmonary CT images of different subjects in two main steps: 1) identify a set of reproducible feature points for each CT image to establish correspondences across subjects;2) use a landmark and intensity-based consistent image registration algorithm to warp a template image volume to the rest of the lung volumes. Effectiveness of the pro posed scheme is evaluated and visualized using both gray-level and segmented CT images. Results show that the proposed scheme is able to reduce landmark registration error and relative volume overlapping error from 10.5 mm and 0.70 before registration to 0.4 mm. and 0.11, respectively. The proposed scheme can be used to construct a computerized human lung model (or atlas) to help detect abnormal lung structural changes.

关键词： Lung Image registration Computed tomography 3D image processing Image segmentation 3D modeling Image processing Computer simulations Scanners Visualization

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Determining velocity displacement field from cardiac image sequence

Determining velocity displacement field from cardiac image s...

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medical imaging 2002 Conference

作者： Meyering, WI Gutierrez, MA Robilotta, CC Furuie, SS Univ Sao Paulo Med Sch Hosp Heart Inst InCor BR-05403000 Sao Paulo Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)0819444286

Estimation of left ventricle motion and deformation from series of images has been an area of attention in the medical image analysis and still remains an open and challenging problem. Left ventricle contractile abnormalities can be an important manifestation of coronary artery disease. The proper motion tracking of left ventricle wall can contribute to isolate the location and extent of ischemic or infarcted myocardium and constitutes a fundamental goal of image modalities, such as Nuclear Medicine. This work describes a method to automatically estimate the velocity vector field for a beating heart based on the study of variation in frequency content in a series of 2D images, as time varies. The frequency analysis is performed by computing the Wigner-Ville and the Choi-Williams distributions to each image pixel, yielding the corresponding 3D-frequency spectrum. from this 3D spectrum the local velocity of each pixel is calculated by employing a multiple linear regression model. Experimental validation was carried out using synthetic phantoms that simulate translation and rotation between successive frames. Results obtained from gated SPECT perfusion studies are also presented.

关键词： 3D modeling medical imaging Single photon emission computed tomography Heart Motion estimation Arteries Nuclear medicine Error analysis Motion models Visualization

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