medicalimaging's technological evolution in the next century will continue to include Picture Archive and Communication Systems (pacs) and teleradiology. It is difficult to predict radiology's future in the n...
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medicalimaging's technological evolution in the next century will continue to include Picture Archive and Communication Systems (pacs) and teleradiology. It is difficult to predict radiology's future in the new millennium with both computed radiography and direct digital capture competing as the primary image acquisition methods for routine radiography. Changes in Computed Axial Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) continue to amaze the healthcare community. No matter how the acquisition, display, and archive functions change, Quality Control (QC) of the radiographic imaging chain will remain an important step in the imaging process. The Task Allocation Chart (TAC) is a tool that can be used in a medical facility's QC process to indicate the testing responsibilities of the image stakeholders and the medical informatics department. The TAC shows a grid of equipment to be serviced, tasks to be performed, and the organization assigned to perform each task. Additionally, skills, tasks, time, and references for each task can be provided. QC of the pacs must be stressed as a primary element of a pacs' implementation. The TAC can be used to clarify responsibilities during warranty and paid maintenance periods. Establishing a TAC as part of a pacs implementation has a positive affect on patient care and clinical acceptance.
For institutions with existing radiology information system (RIS), laboratory information system (LIS), hospital information system (HIS), and picture archiving and communications system (pacs), opportunities exist to...
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For institutions with existing radiology information system (RIS), laboratory information system (LIS), hospital information system (HIS), and picture archiving and communications system (pacs), opportunities exist to reduce the cost and complexity of clinical information system (CIS) implementation, given that the aim is to achieve single-point-of-access integration to radiology images, reports, and laboratory results. Leveraging existing interfaces can make a Universal clinical Desktop (UCD) relatively straight-forward, as opposed to a full CIS. Though this does not provide such facilities as data mining access, nor retrospective analysis, it would provide many institutions a significant fraction of the clinical utility of a full CIS.
Traditionally, to guarantee the network performance of medical image data transmission, imaging traffic was isolated on a separate network. Organizations are depending on a new generation of multi-purpose networks to ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081943597X
Traditionally, to guarantee the network performance of medical image data transmission, imaging traffic was isolated on a separate network. Organizations are depending on a new generation of multi-purpose networks to transport both normal information and image traffic as they expand access to images throughout the enterprise. These organizations want to leverage their existing infrastructure for imaging traffic, but are not willing to accept degradations in overall network performance. To guarantee 'on demand' network performance for image transmissions anywhere at any time, networks need to be designed with the ability to 'carve out' bandwidth for specific applications and to minimize the chances of network failures. This paper will present the methodology Cincinnati Children's Hospital medical Center (CHMC) used to enhance the physical and logical network design of the existing hospital network to guarantee a class of service for imaging traffic. pacs network designs should utilize the existing enterprise local area network i.e.(LAN) infrastructure where appropriate. Logical separation or segmentation provides the application independence from other clinical and administrative applications as required, ensuring bandwidth and service availability.
The concept of pacs was initiated in 1982 during the First International Conference and Workshop on Picture Archiving and Communication System, held in Newport Beach, California, January 1982, sponsored by SPIE. Durin...
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The concept of pacs was initiated in 1982 during the First International Conference and Workshop on Picture Archiving and Communication System, held in Newport Beach, California, January 1982, sponsored by SPIE. During the past seventeen years, many large and small PAC systems have been installed and are running smoothly. Around the world, many more systems will be planned and installed for years to come. This paper describes the author's personal pacs implementation experience including in-house development, partnership with manufacturers, and participation as a member of the advisory board in both the hospital and the manufactures. In the latter case, three examples are described for a very large urban hospital, a small community hospital, and a pacs manufacturer in the Far East. Lessons learned from each case are given.
Data security becomes an important issue in telemedicine when medical information is transmitted over a wide area network. Generally, security if characterized in terms of privacy, authenticity and integrity of digita...
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Data security becomes an important issue in telemedicine when medical information is transmitted over a wide area network. Generally, security if characterized in terms of privacy, authenticity and integrity of digital data. A method which can meet these requirements for archiving and transmitting of sectional image is presented.
With the advent of the new Millennium, Picture Archive and Communications System (pacs) technology has matured to levels sufficient to support open systems based, regional implementations. This shifts the site-centric...
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With the advent of the new Millennium, Picture Archive and Communications System (pacs) technology has matured to levels sufficient to support open systems based, regional implementations. This shifts the site-centric pacs paradigm into broader scale, impacting facilities, workflow, business plans and ultimately patient care on a regional basis. Prudent and effective management of a regional implementation is critical to overall project success based upon a number of competing influences fundamental to the pacs including network infrastructure, clinical workflow, acquisition modalities, planning documentation, site preparation, acceptance testing, project communication, interface integration issues, etc. Risk mitigation is possible by understanding and managing the interrelationships of these influences through a phased approach with embedded management controls. The overall phases of regional implementation are not unlike site-centric implementations, consisting of Discovery, Planning, Preparation, Installation;Acceptance and Warranty/Maintenance;however, details which manifest over time are what provide significant management challenges. When balanced using a culturally reinforced policy of open, frequent and hands-on communication, regional pacs projects can be successfully implemented maintaining budget, schedule and scope thresholds.
The specification of security features of the DICOM (digital imaging and communication in medicine) standard is not clear where encryption and decryption are concerned. In the age of digital medicine, a growing need f...
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The specification of security features of the DICOM (digital imaging and communication in medicine) standard is not clear where encryption and decryption are concerned. In the age of digital medicine, a growing need for secure transfer and storage of patient data is obvious. In medical science, the design of a pacs (picture archiving and communication system) is essential for storing digital images. This paper describes an alternative method of integrating encryption as a DICOM-conform mechanism in a pacs and via a DICOM-conform directory service in a HIS (hospital information system)/RIS (radiological information system). It is useful to integrate these systems in order to be able to merge existing patient data with DICOM images. The DICOM supplement SR (structured reporting) is used for encryption and as an interface-specification for databases. SR also allows the definition of private coding schemes. It is possible to integrate security in a pacs by using one, private, coding scheme for encryption and a different coding scheme for decryption. The interface to the databases is a directory service that uses its attributes to store orders from databases and which retrieves orders for the databases. This method makes the construction of a secure HIpacs (hospital integrated picture archiving system) possible.
User-centered design is a critical step in the product development cycle. It is an iterative process consisting of product design, implementation, and evaluation stages. Industry-standard usability metrics were employ...
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User-centered design is a critical step in the product development cycle. It is an iterative process consisting of product design, implementation, and evaluation stages. Industry-standard usability metrics were employed to evaluate two sequential versions of commercial Picture Archiving and Communications System (pacs) workstation software as part of this process. They were evaluated 6 months apart by five radiologists with varying pacs experience. All radiologists were naive to the specific workstation tested. After a brief workstation overview, they were videotaped as they completed scenarios that closely simulated typical radiological practice. Each scenario consisted of various task categories. The task duration, nature and number of errors, help requests, and operator's manual consultations were recorded. After evaluating the fast software version, areas for improvement were identified and the application design modified. An unexpected result was the rewriting of the software manual to be task- and process-based rather than feature-based. Testing of the second version revealed a 22% improvement in performance time and 30% decrease in the number of errors compared to the first. Usability testing objectively identifies areas for improvement in the pacs workstation software. Additionally, it provides quantitative measures that may be used to prioritize and suggest future design efforts. Performing this evaluation as early as possible results in the rapid evolution of an application that will maximize radiologists' productivity and satisfaction.
Inductive Modeling Techniques (IMT) in a stand alone, distributed Picture Archiving and Communication System (pacs) or telemedicine environment can be utilized to monitor SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) enab...
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Inductive Modeling Techniques (IMT) in a stand alone, distributed Picture Archiving and Communication System (pacs) or telemedicine environment can be utilized to monitor SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) enabled devices such as network switches, servers or workstations. A comprehensive approach using IMT is presented across the stages of the pacs lifecycle: Pre-pacs, Implementation, and clinical Use. At each stage of the cycle, the results of IMT can be utilized to assist in assessing and forecasting future system loading. This loading represents a clinical trend analysis equating to the clinical workflow and delivery of services. Specific attention is directed to an understanding and thorough depiction of IMT methodology, focusing on the use of SNMP, the Management Information Base (MIB), and the data stream output that is mapped and placed in an object-oriented database and made available for web-based, real time, in-depth viewing and/or analysis. A thorough description of these outputs is presented, spotlighting potential report applications such as system failures;existing system, CPU, workstation, server and LAN/WAN link utilization;packet rates;application isolation;notification of system alarms;fault isolation;high/low bandwidth users;and data transfer rates. These types of data are increasingly required for programming LAN/WAN upgrades as digital imaging and pacs are implemented.
The diffusion of pacs technology within the Department of Veterans Affairs has followed the `S' curve transition originally described by Ryan and Gross in 1943. They described a paradigm that describes the diffusi...
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The diffusion of pacs technology within the Department of Veterans Affairs has followed the `S' curve transition originally described by Ryan and Gross in 1943. They described a paradigm that describes the diffusion of a new technology into the community. However the rate of adoption of filmless radiology by the VA has been much higher than that of the general healthcare system. This is likely due to the fact that the VA and Department of Defense medical systems are somewhat isolated and independent from other health care systems and are subject to a different rate of diffusion of technology. The early introduction and success of pacs in the VA undoubtedly accelerated its acceptance throughout the system. An additional impetus to the growth of pacs in the VA has been the development of an image management system that has been incorporated into the electronic medical record. The universal use of the VISTA HIS and RIS system throughout the VA and the fact that it was developed `in-house' as well as its extensive support for DICOM functionality have also played a major role in facilitating the acceptance of Picture Archival and Communication Systems throughout the VA.
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