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A key transport protocol based on secret sharing applications to information security

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2002年第4期48卷 816-824页

作者： Eskicioglu, AM Delp, EJ Purdue Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn VIdeo & Image Proc Lab W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

Digital multimedia content is delivered to homes via the Internet, satellite, terrestrial and cable networks. Scrambling is a common approach used by conditional access systems to prevent unauthorized access to audiovisual data. The descrambling keys are securely distributed to the receivers in the same transmission channel. Their protection is an important part of the key management problem. Although public-key cryptography provides a viable solution, alternative methods are sought for economy and efficiency. Message authentication is an important objective of information security in modern electronic distribution networks. This objective is met by providing the receiver of a message an assurance of the sender's identity. As physical protection such as sealed envelopes is not possible for messages expressed as binary sequences, digital tools have been developed using cryptography. A major limitation of all cryptographic methods for message authentication lies in their use of algorithms with fixed symmetric or public keys. This paper presents a key transport protocol based on secret sharing. Conditional access and message authentication are two important application areas for which the advantages of the proposed protocol are discussed. The protocol eliminates the need for a cipher, yet effectively combines the advantages of symmetric and public-key ciphers. It can be used to build a new key management scheme that allows the service providers to generate different keys for different sets of receivers, and to renew these keys in a convenient way.

关键词： cipher conditional access content protection data integrity digital signature encryption hashing key transport message authentication multimedia public-key cryptography prepositioned secret sharing

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A generic mapping mechanism between content description metadata and user environments

A generic mapping mechanism between content description meta...

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Internet multimedia Management systems iii Conference

作者： Lerouge, S Rogge, B De Sutter, R Bekaert, J Van De Ville, D Van de Walle, R State Univ Ghent Multimedia Lab Dept Elect & Informat Syst B-9000 Ghent Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)0819446416

The number of terminals that have access to multimedia content by means of a network is rapidly increasing. More and more, the characteristics of different terminals are increasing in variety. In addition, their users can have different preferences. Therefore, the adaptation of multimedia content to a specific terminal and/or its user has become an important research issue. Such an adaptation is mainly based on two aspects: the description of the multimedia content and the description of the user environment. Both can be considered as metadata, and can be formatted in an XML language (e.g., MPEG-7 and CC/PP). However, it is not yet clear how we can realize a generic mapping mechanism between two such vocabularies. We feel that such a mechanism is necessary to accomplish a mature content adaptation framework. This paper describes how such a mechanism can be achieved. We attach requirements and preferences of the user environment to specific aspects of the description of multimedia content. Based on this information, we try to maximize the value of the adapted content, while making it appropriate for the terminal. We also take into account the extensibility of the existing vocabularies we focus on, because this means our mechanism will also be extensible.

关键词： content adaptation metadata content description user environment CC/PP MPEG-7

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Proceedings of SPIE: Internet multimedia management system iii

Proceedings of SPIE: Internet multimedia management system I...

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Internet multimedia Management systems iii

The proceedings contains 30 papers from the Proceedings of SPIE: Internet multimedia Management systems iii. Topics discussed include: analysis of multimedia formats for content description;generic mapping mechanism between content description metadata and user environments;metadata-based access to multimedia architectural and historical archive collections;relevance feedback as distribution generation;and extending relevance feedback with a group-based user interface.

关键词： multimedia systems

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Dynamic adaptation of multimedia data for mobile applications

Dynamic adaptation of multimedia data for mobile application...

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Internet multimedia Management systems iii Conference

作者： De Sutter, R Lerouge, S Bekaert, J Rogge, B Van De Ville, D Van de Walle, R State Univ Ghent Multimedia Lab Dept Elect & Informat Syst B-9000 Ghent Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)0819446416

The current explosive expansion of mobile communication systems will lead to an increased demand for multimedia applications. However, due to the large variety of mobile terminals (such as mobile phones, laptops...) and, because of this, a wide collection of different terminal possibilities and terminal characteristics, it is difficult to create a mobile multimedia application which can be used on mobile devices of different types. In this paper, we propose a mobile multimedia application that adapts its content to the possibilities of the mobile terminal and to the end-user preferences. Also the application takes changing device characteristics into account. To make this possible, a software framework is set up to enable negotiation between the mobile terminal and the content server. During the initial negotiation, the concept of the Universal multimedia access framework is used. Subsequent negotiations take place after changing terminal characteristics or end-user preferences, and this by means of time-dependent metadata. This newly created flexible and extendable framework makes it possible that multimedia applications interact with the content provider in order to deliver an optimal multimedia presentation for any arbitrary mobile terminal at any given time.

关键词： mobile multimedia software framework universal multimedia access metadata MPEG-7 MPEG-21

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Dynamic reconfiguration of continuous media server with changing access frequency

Dynamic reconfiguration of continuous media server with chan...

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Internet multimedia Management systems iii Conference

作者： Kim, SH Yong, L Univ Denver Dept Comp Sci Denver CO 80208 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819446416

Due to skewed popularity of objects in many continuous media applications, data placement, techniques such as selective replication have been introduced to resolve potential load imbalance problem by providing more replicas for more popular objects, resulting in a higher availability of hot objects and a more efficient usage of bourided storage space. To fully harness the advantage of selective replication technique, one may need to periodically reconfigure the number of instances of objects and data placement of them to tune up the system performance because, in reality, access frequency varies over time in many reasons. Reconfiguration usually requires time and disk bandwidth resulting in a degradation of the system performance during the process. This paper proposes algorithms for dynamic reconfiguration of continuous media servers based on ever changing popularity of objects. This paper quantifies the expected startup latency and reconfiguration overhead. Proposed analytic models and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed reconfiguration process is feasible in a reasonable amount of time. They also show tolerable performance degradation due to bandwidth overhead during reconfiguration process, which is critical for most real applications.

关键词： reconfiguration video server startup latency access frequency replication.

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Internet multimedia - Streaming media (Tutorial)

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Joint International Workshop on Interactive Distributed multimedia systems/Protocols for multimedia systems (IDMS/PROMS 2002)

作者： Schulzrinne, H Columbia Univ New York NY 10027 USA

ISBN: (纸本)3540001697

Over the past decade, a set of protocols have been developed that support a variety of multimedia applications on the Internet, ranging from streaming media to Internet radio and TV to Internet telephony. All of these require new protocols and algorithms. The tutorial will review the principal components of the current multimedia architecture and outline how the challenges posed by a largely best-effort network can be met. It will also highlight some of the on-going developments such as fresh attempts at scalable resource reservation protocols. Topics: Types of Internet multimedia (streaming, continuous media, interactive media); Challenges of Internet multimedia (differences to other Internet traffic types; summary of codecs); Components of the Internet multimedia architecture; multimedia transport (RTP; loss compensation and recovery; scalable feedback); Session setup and control for streaming media (RTSP); Internet telephony (session initiation: SIP and H.323; address mapping: ENUM; gateway location: TRIP; convergence with IM, presence and events); Future challenges: content distribution networks.

关键词： Media streaming

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Extending relevance feedback with a group-based user interface

Extending relevance feedback with a group-based user interfa...

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Internet multimedia Management systems iii Conference

作者： Nakazato, M Huang, TS Univ Illinois Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol Urbana IL 61801 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819446416

In the traditional user interfaces of Query-by-Example (QbE) in content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR), finding good combinations of query examples is essential for successful retrieval. Unfortunately, the traditional user interfaces are not suitable for trying different combinations of query examples. These systems assumed query examples are added incrementally. The only way to refine the query was to add more example images. When no additional example is found in the result set, the search is considered to have converged. Furthermore, no place was provided to hold previous query results. We are developing ImageGrouper, a new interface for content-based image retrieval. In this system, the users can interactively compare different combinations of query examples by dragging and grouping images on the workspace (Query-by-Group.) Unlike the traditional systems, a group of images is considered as the basic unit of the query. Because the query results are displayed on another pane, the user can quickly review the results. Combining different query results is also easier. ImageGrouper makes possible new image search methods that were difficult in the traditional user interfaces. First, since the user can annotate text information on each group, integration of keyword-based and content-based search becomes easy. Second, by creating a hierarchy of query examples, the user can begin with collecting relatively generic image first, then narrow down the search to more specific images. Finally, the user can create multiple groups of positive examples. Therefore, we can extend relevance feedback algorithms from two-classes problem (positive and negative) to multiple-classes problem (multiple positive and negative classes.).

关键词： content-based image retrieval graphical user interface relevance feedback Image database digital photography

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Intelligent systems for Video Analysis and access Over the Internet

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2002年

作者： Wensheng Zhou C C Jay Kuo

ISBN: (纸本)9780130471178

From the Book: PREFACE The explosion of on-line web information has given rise to many query-based textsearch engines (such as Alta Vista) and manually constructed topic hierarchies (suchas Yahoo!). With the current growth rate of web information, especially broadbandmultimedia data, query data are growing incomprehensibly large and manual classification in topic hierarchies is creating a major bottleneck. Consequently, the hugeamount of multimedia data is imposing on people a heavy burden of manipulating, searching, interpreting, skimming, and integrating information. Thus, efficientmultimedia content analysis tools are needed to address these user's needs. This book presents a solution to problems arising from the demand for fastinformation access and for sharing in real-time multimedia transmission over theInternet. We present in this book a solution which exploits software agents thatare placed throughout the network environment. These hierarchical video analysisagents process multimedia streams in real time, and automatically decompose andunderstand the multimedia content so as to facilitate information access and sharing. multimedia content contains both the perceptual content such as color, motion,or acoustic features and the conceptual content, which is specified based on conceptsor semantics that can be expressed by text descriptions. Both types of contents areembedded simultaneously in multimedia streams, and usually are complementaryto each other. This book adaptively analyzes both kinds of video contents bycombining mixed media cues from audio, video and text. First, a high-performance module for on-line video segmentation based on scene-change detection isdescribed. The module serves as the first step of any videostream construction and analysis. To meet the high computational demand, ourproposed video scene change detection algorithms are very efficient while maintaining high accuracy and recall rates for fast on-line video analysis. Second, the percep

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A dynamic multimedia annotation tool

A dynamic multimedia annotation tool

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Conference on Internet Imaging iii

作者： Pfund, T Marchand-Maillet, S Univ Geneva Comp Vis Grp CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)081944412X

Annotating image collections is crucial for different multimedia applications. Not only this provides an alternative access-to visual information but it is a critical step to perform the evaluation of content-based image retrieval systems. Annotation is a tedious task so that there is a real need for developing tools that lighten the work of annotators. The tool should be flexible and offer customization so as to make the annotator the most comfortable. It should also automate the most tasks as possible. In this paper, we present a still image annotation tool that has been developed with the aim of being flexible and adaptive. The principle is to create a set of dynamic web pages that are an interface to a SQL database. The keyword set is fixed and every image receives from concurrent annotators a set of keywords along with time stamps and annotator IDs. Each annotator has the possibility of going back and forth within the collection and its previous annotations. He is helped by a number of search services and customization options. An administrative section allows the supervisor to control the parameter of the annotation, including the keyword set, given via an XML structure. The architecture of the tool is made flexible so as to accommodate further options through its development.

关键词： image content annotation description web tool

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SIRSALE:: Integrated video databases management tools

SIRSALE:: Integrated video databases management tools

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Internet multimedia Management systems iii Conference

作者： Brunie, L Favory, L Gelas, JP Lefèvre, L Mostefaoui, A Nait-Abdesselam, F Inst Natl Sci Appl Informat Syst Engn Lab F-69621 Villeurbanne France

ISBN: (纸本)0819446416

Video databases became an active field of research during the last decade. The main objective in such systems is to provide users with capabilities to friendly search, access and playback distributed stored video data in the same way as they do for traditional distributed databases. Hence, such systems need to deal with hard issues : (a) video documents generate huge volumes of data and are time sensitive (streams must be delivered at a specific bitrate), (b) contents of video data are very hard to be automatically extracted and need to be humanly annotated. To cope with these issues, many approaches have. been proposed in the literature including data models, query languages, video indexing etc. In this paper, we present SIRSALE : a set of video databases management tools that allow users to manipulate video documents and streams stored in large distributed repositories. All the proposed tools are based on generic models that can be customized for specific applications using ad-hoc adaptation modules. More precisely, SIRSALE allows users to : (a) browse video documents by structures (sequences, scenes, shots) and (b) query the video database content by using a graphical tool, adapted to the nature of the target video documents. This paper also presents an annotating interface which allows archivists to describe the content of video documents. All these tools are coupled to a video player integrating remote VCR functionalities and are based on active network technology. So, we present how dedicated active services allow an optimized video transport for video streams (with Tamanoir active nodes). We then describe experiments of using SIRSALE on an archive of news video and soccer matches. The system has been demonstrated to professionals with a positive feedback. Finally, we discuss open issues and present some perspectives.

关键词： video databases content-based retrieval video querying video annotating video transport active networking SIRSALE Tamanoir

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