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检索条件"任意字段=Optical Materials and Biomaterials in Security and Defence Systems Technology XIII"

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Liquid explosive detection using near infrared LED 11

Liquid explosive detection using near infrared LED

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Conference on Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, and defence XI;and optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology XII

作者： Itozaki, Hideo Ito, Shiori Sato-Akaba, Hideo Miyato, Yuji Osaka Univ Grad Sch Engn Sci 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 5608531 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781628418620

A bottle scanner to detect liquid explosive has been developed using technologies of near infrared. Its detection rate of liquid explosive is quite high and its false alarm rate of safe liquids quite low. It uses a light source with wide spectrum such as a halogen lamp. Recently a variety of LEDs have been developed and some of them have near infrared spectrum. Here a near infrared LED is tested as a light source of the liquid explosive detector. Three infrared LEDs that have a main peak of spectrum at 901nm, 936nm, and 1028 nm have been used as a light source to scan liquids. Spectrum widths of these LEDs are quite narrow typically less than 100 nm. Ten typical liquids have been evaluated by these LEDs and the correlation coefficients of a spectrum by an LED and a tungsten lamp were more than 0.98. This experiment shows that the infrared LED can be used as a light source for the liquid scanner. An LED has some merits, such as long life of more than some ten thousand hours and small consumption electric power of less than 0.2 W. When the LED is used as a light source for the liquid scanner, it is also more compact and handy.

关键词： liquid explosives near infrared bottled liquid airport security LED

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Automatic detection of suspicious behavior of pickpockets with track-based features in a shopping mall 10

Automatic detection of suspicious behavior of pickpockets wi...

引用

Conference on Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, and defence X;and optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology XI

作者： Bouma, Henri Baan, Jan Burghouts, Gertjan J. Eendebak, Pieter T. van Huis, Jasper R. Dijk, Judith van Rest, Jeroen H. C. TNO NL-2597 AK The Hague Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781628413168

Proactive detection of incidents is required to decrease the cost of security incidents. This paper focusses on the automatic early detection of suspicious behavior of pickpockets with track-based features in a crowded shopping mall. Our method consists of several steps: pedestrian tracking, feature computation and pickpocket recognition. This is challenging because the environment is crowded, people move freely through areas which cannot be covered by a single camera, because the actual snatch is a subtle action, and because collaboration is complex social behavior. We carried out an experiment with more than 20 validated pickpocket incidents. We used a top-down approach to translate expert knowledge in features and rules, and a bottom-up approach to learn discriminating patterns with a classifier. The classifier was used to separate the pickpockets from normal passers-by who are shopping in the mall. We performed a cross validation to train and evaluate our system. In this paper, we describe our method, identify the most valuable features, and analyze the results that were obtained in the experiment. We estimate the quality of these features and the performance of automatic detection of (collaborating) pickpockets. The results show that many of the pickpockets can be detected at a low false alarm rate.

关键词： Surveillance CCTV security behavior analysis threat recognition action recognition tracking

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Growth and study of nonlinear optical materials for frequency conversion devices with applications in defence and security 10

Growth and study of nonlinear optical materials for frequenc...

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Conference on Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, and defence X and optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology XI

作者： Tassev, V. Snure, M. Vangala, S. Kimani, M. Peterson, R. Schunemann, P. Air Force Res Lab Sensors Directorate Wright Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA Solid State Sci Corp Hollis NH 03049 USA BAE Syst Nashua NH 03061 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781628413168

A series of nonlinear materials including GaAs, GaP, and ZnSe have been examined to determine their suitability for non-linear frequency conversion devices (FCD) and more specifically their use as high power, compact and broadly tunable IR and THz sources for defense and security applications. The more mature GaAs was investigated to reveal the causes for the optical losses that restrict achievement of higher conversion efficiency in quasi-phasematched FCD, while the efforts with GaP were oriented in developing simple, cost effective techniques for fabrication of orientation patterned (OP) templates and optimizing the subsequent thick HVPE growth on these templates. Thus, average growth rates of 50-70 mu m/h were achieved in up to 8-hour long experiments. High optical layer quality was achieved by suitable control of the process parameters. The optimal orientation of the pattern was determined and used as essential feedback aiming to improve the template preparation. This led to the production of the first 300-400 mu m thick device quality OPGaP. Efforts to suppress the parasitic nucleation during growths with longer duration or to achieve thicker layers by a 2 step growth process were also made. The main challenge with the newer candidate, OPZnSe, was to establish suitable regimes for hydrothermal growth on plain (001) ZnSe seeds grown by chemical vapor deposition. Two different temperature ranges, 330-350 degrees C and 290-330 degrees C, were investigated. The mineralized concentration was also manipulated to accelerate the growth in (111) direction and, thus, to improve the growth in (001) direction. The next material in the line is GaN. The traditional HVPE approach will be combined with a growth at low reactor pressure. Growths will be performed in the next sequence: growth on thin GaN layers grown by MOCVD on sapphire wafers, growth on half-patterned GaN templates with different orientations and, finally, growth on OPGaN templates.

关键词： hydride vapor phase epitaxy nonlinear optical materials quasi-phase matching orientation patterned templates frequency conversion devices laser sources in the mid IR and THz region

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Proposal of a novel method for all optical switching with MMI coupler

Proposal of a novel method for all optical switching with MM...

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Conference on optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology IX

作者： Tajaldini, M. Jafri, Mohd Z. M. Univ Sains Malaysia Sch Phys George Town 11800 Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492869

This paper, propose a novel approach to access all optical switching performance usable in telecommunications and photonic signal processing circuits by one continuous MMI coupler under a nonlinear regime to achieve the switching at smallest length of Multimode interference waveguide. In past methods, there have been MMI switch with length about a few millimeters, but in this paper an MMI is presented for switching purposes with a length less than 100 mu m. In this approach, the wave propagation is studied base on MPA method. The nonlinear wave equation in presence of Kerr nonlinear effect is solved as a set of multiple coupled nonlinear equations, so each equations are related to one of guided modes in Multimode waveguide. With ability of calculating the electric field at the outputs channels, we are able to optimize the Multimode waveguide in terms of length. switching is performable with a variation of input intensity or electric field, thus the output fields have been measured with 10(5) different amounts of input electric fields for each lengths which are switching candidates, then switching operation is appeared in special length with its dependence input electric fields that each electric fields relate to switch the light to bar or cross outputs, this switch is the outstanding proposal for new all optical digital signal processing due to the compact size.

关键词： MMI MPA Multimode Interference switch Kerr nonlinear effect

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Noninvasive encapsulated fiber-optic probes for interferometric measurement 14

Noninvasive encapsulated fiber-optic probes for interferomet...

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Conference on optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology XIV

作者： Zboril, O. Cubik, J. Kepak, S. Nedoma, J. Fajkus, M. Zavodny, P. Vasinek, V. VSB Tech Univ Ostrava Fac Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept Telecommun 17 Listopadu 15 Ostrava 70833 Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9781510613454;9781510613447

This article focuses on the sensitivity of encapsulated interferometric probes. These probes are used mainly for BioMed and security applications. Fiber-optic sensors are interesting for these applications, as they are resistant to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and that also do not affect the surrounding medical and security equipment. Using a loop of the optical fiber with is not a suitable for these measurements. The optical fiber should be fixed to one position, and should not significantly bend. For these reasons, the optical fiber is encapsulated. Furthermore, it is necessary that the encapsulated measuring probes were flexible, inert, water resistant and not toxic. Fiber-optic sensors shouldn't be magnetically active, so they can be used for example, in magnetic resonance environments (MR). Probes meeting these requirements can be widely used in health care and security applications. Encapsulation of interferometric measuring arm brings changes in susceptibility of measurements in comparison with the optical fiber without encapsulation. To evaluate the properties of the encapsulated probes, series of probes made from different materials for encapsulation was generated, using two types of optical fibers with various degrees of protection. Comparison of the sensitivity of different encapsulated probes was performed using a series of measurements at various frequencies. The measurement results are statistically compared in the article and commented. Given the desired properties polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer has been proven the most interesting encapsulating material for further research.

关键词： Fiber-optic probes Interferometry security Applications BioMed Applications Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)

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Nonlinear optical materials for Sensor Protection against Pulsed Laser Radiation in the Visible Spectral Region 2

Nonlinear Optical Materials for Sensor Protection against Pu...

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Advanced materials, biomaterials, and Manufacturing Technologies for security and defence II 2024

作者： Dengler, Stefanie Henrichsen, Michael Fraunhofer IOSB Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Techhnologies and Image Exploitation Gutleuthausstr. 1 Ettlingen76275 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510681187

The growing use of lasers increases the risk of accidental or intentional damage to human eyes and optical sensor systems. Current protection equipment is based on optical filters with fixed spectral transmission bands or shutter systems, but optical filters only work in predefined wavebands and shutter-systems are too slow to protect against pulsed laser radiation. Passive self-activated devices, in contrast, offer the potential for short response times with a simple design. Nonlinear optical materials with the capability to strongly attenuate intense laser beams are particularly interesting. In this work, we present our research on the protection capability of C60 and self-produced silver nanoparticles as functional materials in a real application case. A camera with CMOS sensor can be completely protected from being damaged up to a maximum measured input energy of 2 mJ. Therefore, it has been demonstrated that optical limiting materials can be suitable in laser protection applications. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： Silver nanoparticles

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Video content analysis on body-worn cameras for retrospective investigation 11

Video content analysis on body-worn cameras for retrospectiv...

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Conference on Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, and defence XI;and optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology XII

作者： Bouma, Henri Baan, Jan ter Haar, Frank B. Eendebak, Pieter T. den Hollander, Richard J. M. Burghouts, Gertjan J. Wijn, Remco van den Broek, Sebastiaan P. van Rest, Jeroen H. C. TNO Oude Waalsdorperweg 63 NL-2597 AK The Hague Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781628418620

In the security domain, cameras are important to assess critical situations. Apart from fixed surveillance cameras we observe an increasing number of sensors on mobile platforms, such as drones, vehicles and persons. Mobile cameras allow rapid and local deployment, enabling many novel applications and effects, such as the reduction of violence between police and citizens. However, the increased use of bodycams also creates potential challenges. For example: how can end-users extract information from the abundance of video, how can the information be presented, and how can an officer retrieve information efficiently? Nevertheless, such video gives the opportunity to stimulate the professionals' memory, and support complete and accurate reporting. In this paper, we show how video content analysis (VCA) can address these challenges and seize these opportunities. To this end, we focus on methods for creating a complete summary of the video, which allows quick retrieval of relevant fragments. The content analysis for summarization consists of several components, such as stabilization, scene selection, motion estimation, localization, pedestrian tracking and action recognition in the video from a bodycam. The different components and visual representations of summaries are presented for retrospective investigation.

关键词： Surveillance CCTV security bodycam video content analysis (VCA) action recognition

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Direct 3D Printing of Smooth optical Elements 2

Direct 3D Printing of Smooth Optical Elements

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Advanced materials, biomaterials, and Manufacturing Technologies for security and defence II 2024

作者： Herder, Martin Kuehr, Stephan xolo GmbH Volmerstr. 9b Berlin12489 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510681187

Xolography is a volumetric 3D printing method utilizing dual-color photoinitiators to fabricate layer-free objects from photopolymer resins, ranging from millimeters to centimeters in size. It enables fast, continuous printing producing objects with smooth surfaces and free of internal interfaces immediately after printing and postcuring. Xolography has the potential to revolutionize prototyping and fabrication of optical elements by allowing their rapid additive manufacturing without the need for additional surface treatment. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： Color printing

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Track-based event recognition in a realistic crowded environment 10

Track-based event recognition in a realistic crowded environ...

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Conference on Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, and defence X and optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology XI

作者： van Huis, Jasper R. Bouma, Henri Baan, Jan Burghouts, Gertjan J. Eendebak, Pieter T. den Hollander, Richard J. M. Dijk, Judith van Rest, Jeroen H. C. TNO NL-2597 AK The Hague Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781628413168

Automatic detection of abnormal behavior in CCTV cameras is important to improve the security in crowded environments, such as shopping malls, airports and railway stations. This behavior can be characterized at different time scales, e.g., by small-scale subtle and obvious actions or by large-scale walking patterns and interactions between people. For example, pickpocketing can be recognized by the actual snatch (small scale), when he follows the victim, or when he interacts with an accomplice before and after the incident (longer time scale). This paper focusses on event recognition by detecting large-scale track-based patterns. Our event recognition method consists of several steps: pedestrian detection, object tracking, track-based feature computation and rule-based event classification. In the experiment, we focused on single track actions (walk, run, loiter, stop, turn) and track interactions (pass, meet, merge, split). The experiment includes a controlled setup, where 10 actors perform these actions. The method is also applied to all tracks that are generated in a crowded shopping mall in a selected time frame. The results show that most of the actions can be detected reliably (on average 90%) at a low false positive rate (1.1%), and that the interactions obtain lower detection rates (70% at 0.3% FP). This method may become one of the components that assists operators to find threatening behavior and enrich the selection of videos that are to be observed.

关键词： Surveillance CCTV security tracking behavior analysis action recognition threat

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Spectroelectrochemistry as a Strategy for Improving Selectivity of Sensors for security and Defense Applications

Spectroelectrochemistry as a Strategy for Improving Selectiv...

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Conference on optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology IX

作者： Heineman, William R. Seliskar, Carl J. Morris, Laura K. Bryan, Samuel A. Univ Cincinnati Dept Chem Cincinnati OH 45221 USA Pacif Northwest Natl Lab Richland WA 99352 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492869

Spectroelectrochemistry provides improved selectivity for sensors by electrochemically modulating the optical signal associated with the analyte. The sensor consists of an optically transparent electrode (OTE) coated with a film that preconcentrates the target analyte. The OTE functions as an optical waveguide for attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy, which detects the analyte by absorption. Alternatively, the OTE can serve as the excitation light for fluorescence detection, which is generally more sensitive than absorption. The analyte partitions into the film, undergoes an electrochemical redox reaction at the OTE surface, and absorbs or emits light in its oxidized or reduced state. The change in the optical response associated with electrochemical oxidation or reduction at the OTE is used to quantify the analyte. Absorption sensors for metal ion complexes such as [Fe(CN)(6)](4-) and [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) and fluorescence sensors for [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 1-hydroxypyrene have been developed. The sensor concept has been extended to binding assays for a protein using avidin-biotin and 17 beta-estradiol-anti-estradiol antibodies. The sensor has been demonstrated to measure metal complexes in complex samples such as nuclear waste and natural water. This sensor has qualities needed for security and defense applications that require a high level of selectivity and good detection limits for target analytes in complex samples. Quickly monitoring and designating intent of a nuclear program by measuring the Ru/Tc fission product ratio is such an application.

关键词： spectroelectrochemical sensor optically transparent electrode polymer film

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