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hybrid image and signal processing V

作者： Gustafson, Steven C. Little, Gordon R. Tuthill, Theresa A. Univ. of Dayton Dayton OH USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819421324

A digital image smoothing procedure is described that meets two requirements inferred from a recent model of biological vision. First, the smoothed image is a linear combination of basis functions formed by convolving a Gaussian function with each pixel. Second, the linear coefficients are evaluated by requiring that the integral of the smoothed image over each pixel equal the product of the gray value and area of that pixel. These requirement are in accordance with a model of visual hyperacuity that explains the ability of biological vision systems to resolve some image details that are much smaller than system photoreceptors. The procedure is demonstrated and compared with standard Gaussian convolution smoothing for both a simple one- dimensional example and a practical corner-of-an-eye test image.

关键词： image processing

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Application of smart pixels to digital image halftoning

Application of smart pixels to digital image halftoning

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Asilomar Conference on signals, systems & Computers

作者： A.H. Sayles B.L. Shoop Photonics Research Center United States Military Academy West Point NY USA

An innovative circuit for digital image halftoning applications has been implemented in several different hybrid fabrication processes. The circuits have been demonstrated to be compatible with several approaches to smart pixels and offer a wide range of options for realizing optical inputs and outputs. The 0.8 micron n-well CMOS process at MOSIS has been used in conjunction with SEED technology to implement a digital image halftoning algorithm that offers the potential for higher quality binary images. Similar algorithms have also been implemented using combined CMOS and liquid crystal on silicon processes as well as the Vitesse H-GaAs III foundry process.

关键词： Smart pixels digital images Circuits optical signal processing optical feedback optical filters optical network units signal processing algorithms Liquid crystal on silicon Integrated optics

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optoelectronic radar receiver for real-time radar imaging

Optoelectronic radar receiver for real-time radar imaging

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Conference on Radar/Ladar processing and Applications

作者： WASILOUSKY, PA PAPE, DR CARTER, JA SUNDERLIN, TA PHOTON SYST INC MELBOURNEFL 32901

ISBN: (纸本)0819419214

We have previously presented the architecture and basic analytic results for a functional 1D pipelined hybrid optical/digital processing concept capable of generating a target range- doppler profile in real time. Here we address the fundamental system processing algorithm and hardware development issues in some detail. The approach to performing real-time phase correction of the individual range profiles is outlined, along with the basic system operational runtime algorithms and system processing pipeline. A description of the receiver hardware and its component functionality in terms of the presented operational theory is given as well.

关键词： optical processing RANGE-DOPPLER image RADAR IMAGING optical CORRELATOR hybrid signal processing

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optical processor for SAR image formation: performance trades

Optical processor for SAR image formation: performance trade...

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Transition of optical Processors into systems 1995

作者： Aleksoff, Carl C. Subotic, Nikola S. Environmental Research Inst. of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819418420

We describe some performance trades for a hybrid optical processor for real-time synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation. A 2D Fourier transforming time-integrating interferometrically based optical processor is a key element of the system. The optical processor uses a modulated laser diode for radar signal insertion, crossed 1D acousto-optic scanners for 2D scanning, a modified Koster interferometer for fringe generation, and fast detector arrays (cameras) for light detection and integration. The image dynamic range is enhanced by processing many camera frames. digital pre- and post-processing play essential roles in the system enhancement. We present the characteristics of this type of processor and consider some of its performance trades. The optical processor design approach lends itself to the important attributes of high (real-time) data rates, multiple SAR mode processing capabilities, compact and rugged packaging, and power efficiency.

关键词： optical data processing

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Smart pixel devices and free-space digital optics applications

Smart pixel devices and free-space digital optics applicatio...

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IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)

作者： A.A. Sawchuk Signal and Image Processing Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA

We have investigated optoelectronic techniques for transferring the 2D output pages of a volume optical memory to a much smaller number of spatially parallel optical or electronic output lines, each operating at a very high data rate. The smart pixel detector array converts the data to electronic form, performs error correction and formatting, and transmits it in parallel optoelectronic form for input to a network or transfer to another storage device or processor. We are designing these smart pixel systems.

关键词： Smart pixels optical devices Holography Holographic optical components optical interconnections optical arrays optical signal processing Integrated circuit interconnections High speed optical techniques optical modulation

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image-SPECTRUM signal-TO-NOISE-RATIO IMPROVEMENTS BY STATISTICAL FRAME SELECTION FOR ADAPTIVE-OPTICS IMAGING THROUGH ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE

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optical ENGINEERING 1994年第10期33卷 3254-3264页

作者： ROGGEMANN, MC STOUDT, CA WELSH, BM HILL AFB RADAR EVALUAT SQUADRON 84HILL AFBUT 84056

Adaptive-optics systems have been used to overcome some of the effects of atmospheric turbulence on large-aperture astronomical telescopes. However, the correction provided by adaptive optics cannot restore diffraction-limited performance, due to discretized spatial sampling of the wavefront, limited degrees of freedom in the adaptive-optics system, and wavefront sensor measurement noise. Field experience with adaptive-optics imaging systems making short-exposure image measurements has shown that some of the images are better than others in the sense that the better images have higher resolution. This is a natural consequence of the statistical nature of the compensated optical transfer function in an adaptive-optics telescope. hybrid imaging techniques have been proposed that combine adaptive optics and postdetection image processing to improve the high-spatial-frequency information of images. Performance analyses of hybrid methods have been based on prior knowledge of the ensemble statistics of the underlying random process. Improved image-spectrum SNRs have been predicted, and in some cases experimentally demonstrated. In this paper we address the issue of selecting and processing the best images from a finite data set of compensated short-exposure images. image sharpness measures are used to select the data subset to be processed. Comparison of the image-spectrum SNRs for the cases of processing the entire data set and processing only the selected subset of the data shows a broad range of practical cases where processing the selected subset results in superior SNR.

关键词： digital image RECOVERY AND SYNTHESIS ADAPTIVE OPTICS IMAGING THROUGH TURBULENCE FRAME SELECTION image SHARPNESS METRICS

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SMART ZOOMING 4

SMART ZOOMING

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4th Conference on hybrid image and signal processing

作者： GUSTAFSON, SC RHOADARMER, TA LOOMIS, JS LITTLE, GR UNIV DAYTON RES INSTDAYTONOH 45469

ISBN: (纸本)0819415421

Smart zooming refers to certain digital image processing algorithms that enable the examination of detail ordinarily obscured by pixelation effects. These algorithms use radial basis function interpolation to smooth image blockiness due, for example, to magnification by pixel replication. They may permit more smoothing flexibility while retaining more image detail than conventional convolution smoothing methods.

关键词： Convolution image segmentation Spatial frequencies digital image processing digital imaging Evolutionary algorithms image processing algorithms and systems image resolution Integration Neural networks

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AIRBORNE VIDEO ENHANCEMENT processing AS AN UPGRADE TO IN-SERVICE AIRBORNE SURVEILLANCE systems 4

AIRBORNE VIDEO ENHANCEMENT PROCESSING AS AN UPGRADE TO IN-SE...

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4th Conference on hybrid image and signal processing

作者： BENNETT, S GEC MARCONI AVION LTD DIV SENSORSFUTURE SYST LABESSEX SS14 3ELENGLAND

ISBN: (纸本)0819415421

As the operational requirements placed on airborne surveillance systems increase many in-service systems are approaching the limits of their performance. This problem is compounded by modifications to the systems, such as the change of displays and addition of recording equipment which causes the systems not to be ergonomically and psychophysiologically optimized. Simulation has been conducted and sensor system modelling performed to assess the improvement in operational performance that is attainable by the application of image processing techniques viable for implementation in the real-time airborne environment. Equipments have been developed and operated in-service from which operational reports have confirmed the results of the system modelling. Future upgrades of the processing system will enable the application of such processing to a range of in-service systems as an intermediate, low cost system upgrade.

关键词： Sensors Minimum resolvable temperature difference Modeling digital filtering Modulation transfer functions Eye image processing Surveillance systems image sensors systems modeling

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SCALABLE DESIGN FOR A REAL-TIME optical CORRELATOR INTERFACED TO A MESH-BASED PARALLEL digital-COMPUTER 4

SCALABLE DESIGN FOR A REAL-TIME OPTICAL CORRELATOR INTERFACE...

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4th Conference on hybrid image and signal processing

作者： MATTHEWS, GD GRIFFIN, RD WESTINGHOUSE ELECT CORP CTR SCI & TECHNOLPITTSBURGHPA 15235

ISBN: (纸本)0819415421

We have designed and are building an acousto-optic, one- dimensional, space-integrating wide band optical correlator that is interfaced to a high-performance parallel computer (HPC) signal processing system through multiple 100 MB/s High Performance Parallel Interface (HiPPI) channels. The optical correlator system provides a high-speed matched filter 'engine' for the HPC, producing a maximum sustained computation rate equivalent to a digital processor operating at more than 15 GFLOPS, but with significantly lower power and volume requirements. The system is intended to demonstrate the synergistic capabilities of a hybrid digital-optical approach. The application is a matched-filter detection system that must perform real-time crosscorrelations between return signals and hundreds of time-warped (dilated or compressed) versions of a transmitted signal. The system uses a layered hardware approach consisting of an optical kernel, a high-speed custom electronic interface layer that keeps the optical kernel operating at peak efficiency, and a VME-based outer layer that uses commercial hardware to provide the main control and interface framework. The system includes multiple HiPPI channels that may be added in a modular fashion, two 12-bit, 200 MSPS arbitrary waveform generators, a 200 MSPS A/D converter subsystem, a custom quadrature demodulation post-processor, a direct digital synthesis clock and control subsystem, automatic gain control electronics, a system controller, and a Sun-based development and monitoring system. The designed system output bandwidth is 128 MB/s, although the optical engine is capable of greater throughput.

关键词： optical correlators Control systems Clocks Interfaces Adaptive optics signal processing signal detection Analog electronics Data conversion Filtering (signal processing)

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optical PROCESSOR FOR SAR image-FORMATION - SYSTEM-DEVELOPMENT

OPTICAL PROCESSOR FOR SAR IMAGE-FORMATION - SYSTEM-DEVELOPME...

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Conference on Transition of optical Processors into systems 1994

作者： ALEKSOFF, CC CINDRICH, I SUBOTIC, NS BLESSING, TJ PRZEBIENDA, LM ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN OPT & IR SCI LABDIV ADV CONCEPTSANN ARBORMI 48113

ISBN: (纸本)0819415405

We describe the current status of a hybrid optical processor being developed for real-time synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation. The processor is being developed for insertion into the ERIM spotlight mode SAR airborne data collection system under the ARPA TOPS program monitored by the Army Research Lab. A 2D Fourier transforming time-integrating interferometrically based optical processor is a key element of the system. The optical processor uses a modulated laser diode for radar signal insertion, crossed 1D acousto-optic scanners for 2D scanning, a modified Koster interferometer for fringe generation, and fast detector arrays for light detection and integration. The image space-bandwidth-product and dynamic range are enhanced by processing time-multiplexed interlaced image subpatches at real-time rates. digital pre- and post-processing play essential roles in the system enhancement. The final image is a mosaic of the subpatch images. The optical processor design approach lends itself to the important attributes of high (real-time) data rates, multiple SAR mode processing capabilities, compact and rugged packaging, and power efficiency.

关键词： signal processing image processing Synthetic aperture radar signal to noise ratio Radar Sensors Interfaces Detector arrays Fourier transforms Interference (communication)

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