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检索条件"任意字段=PLDI 2006 - 2006 ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation"

共 528 条记录，以下是391-400 订阅

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pldi 2006 Foreword

Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Lan...

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Proceedings of the acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (pldi) 2006年 2006卷 iii-iv页

作者： Ball, Thomas Schwartzbach, Michael

No abstract available

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Trace-based Just-in-Time Type Specialization for Dynamic languages 09

Trace-based Just-in-Time Type Specialization for Dynamic Lan...

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acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Gal, Andreas Eich, Brendan Shaver, Mike Anderson, David Mandelin, David Haghighat, Mohammad R. Kaplan, Blake Hoare, Graydon Zbarsky, Boris Orendorff, Jason Ruderman, Jesse Smith, Edwin Reitmaier, Rick Bebenita, Michael Chang, Mason Franz, Michael Intel Corp Santa Clara CA 95051 USA Univ Calif Irvine Irvine CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781605583921

Dynamic languages such as JavaScript are more difficult to compile than statically typed ones. Since no concrete type information is available, traditional compilers need to emit generic code that can handle all possible type combinations at runtime. We present an alternative compilation technique for dynamically-typed languages that identifies frequently executed loop traces at run-time and then generates machine code on the fly that is specialized for the actual dynamic types occurring on each path through the loop. Our method provides cheap inter-procedural type specialization, and an elegant and efficient way of incrementally compiling lazily discovered alternative paths through nested loops. We have implemented a dynamic compiler for JavaScript based on our technique and we have measured speedups of 10x and more for certain benchmark programs.

关键词： design Experimentation Measurement Performance JavaScript just-in-time compilation trace trees

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It's Alive! Continuous Feedback in UI programming

It's Alive! Continuous Feedback in UI Programming

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34th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (pldi)

作者： Burckhardt, Sebastian Faehndrich, Manuel de Halleux, Peli McDirmid, Sean Moskal, Michal Tillmann, Nikolai Kato, Jun Univ Tokyo Tokyo 1138654 Japan

Live programming allows programmers to edit the code of a running program and immediately see the effect of the code changes. This tightening of the traditional edit-compile-run cycle reduces the cognitive gap between program code and execution, improving the learning experience of beginning programmers while boosting the productivity of seasoned ones. Unfortunately, live programming is difficult to realize in practice as imperative languages lack well-defined abstraction boundaries that make live programming responsive or its feedback comprehensible. This paper enables live programming for user interface programming by cleanly separating the rendering and non-rendering aspects of a UI program, allowing the display to be refreshed on a code change without restarting the program. A type and effect system formalizes this separation and provides an evaluation model that incorporates the code update step. By putting live programming on a more formal footing, we hope to enable critical and technical discussion of live programming systems.

关键词： languages Human Factors Live programming Graphical User Interface

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Logical Inference Techniques for Loop Parallelization 12

Logical Inference Techniques for Loop Parallelization

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33rd acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Oancea, Cosmin E. Rauchwerger, Lawrence Univ Copenhagen HIPERFIT Dept Comp Sci DK-1168 Copenhagen Denmark Texas A&M Univ Parasol Lab College Stn TX 77843 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450312059

This paper presents a fully automatic approach to loop parallelization that integrates the use of static and run-time analysis and thus overcomes many known difficulties such as nonlinear and indirect array indexing and complex control flow. Our hybrid analysis framework validates the parallelization transformation by verifying the independence of the loop's memory references. To this end it represents array references using the USR (uniform set representation) language and expresses the independence condition as an equation, S = empty set, where S is a set expression representing array indexes. Using a language instead of an array-abstraction representation for S results in a smaller number of conservative approximations but exhibits a potentially-high runtime cost. To alleviate this cost we introduce a language translation F from the USR set-expression language to an equally rich language of predicates (F(S) double right arrow S = empty set). Loop parallelization is then validated using a novel logic inference algorithm that factorizes the obtained complex predicates (F(S)) into a sequence of sufficient-independence conditions that are evaluated first statically and, when needed, dynamically, in increasing order of their estimated complexities. We evaluate our automated solution on 26 benchmarks from PERFECT-CLUB and SPEC suites and show that our approach is effective in parallelizing large, complex loops and obtains much better full program speedups than the Intel and IBM Fortran compilers.

关键词： Performance design Algorithms auto-parallelization USR independence predicates

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Parcae: A System for Flexible Parallel Execution 12

Parcae: A System for Flexible Parallel Execution

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33rd acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Raman, Arun Zaks, Ayal Lee, Jae W. August, David I. Intel Res Santa Clara CA USA Intel Corp Haifa Israel Sungkyunkwan Univ Suwon South Korea Princeton Univ Princeton NJ 08544 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450312059

Workload, platform, and available resources constitute a parallel program's execution environment. Most parallelization efforts statically target an anticipated range of environments, but performance generally degrades outside that range. Existing approaches address this problem with dynamic tuning but do not optimize a multiprogrammed system holistically. Further, they either require manual programming effort or are limited to array-based data-parallel programs. This paper presents Parcae, a generally applicable automatic system for platform-wide dynamic tuning. Parcae includes (i) the Nona compiler, which creates flexible parallel programs whose tasks can be efficiently reconfigured during execution;(ii) the Decima monitor, which measures resource availability and system performance to detect change in the environment;and (iii) the Morta executor, which cuts short the life of executing tasks, replacing them with other functionally equivalent tasks better suited to the current environment. Parallel programs made flexible by Parcae outperform original parallel implementations in many interesting scenarios.

关键词： design Performance automatic parallelization code generation compiler flexible multicore parallel performance portability run-time adaptivity tuning

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Adaptive Input-aware Compilation for Graphics Engines 12

Adaptive Input-aware Compilation for Graphics Engines

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33rd acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Samadi, Mehrzad Hormati, Amir Mehrara, Mojtaba Lee, Janghaeng Mahlke, Scott Univ Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Microsoft Res Redmond WA USA NVIDIA Res Santa Clara CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450312059

While graphics processing units (GPUs) provide low-cost and efficient platforms for accelerating high performance computations, the tedious process of performance tuning required to optimize applications is an obstacle to wider adoption of GPUs. In addition to the programmability challenges posed by GPU's complex memory hierarchy and parallelism model, a well-known application design problem is target portability across different GPUs. However, even for a single GPU target, changing a program's input characteristics can make an already-optimized implementation of a program perform poorly. In this work, we propose Adaptic, an adaptive input-aware compilation system to tackle this important, yet overlooked, input portability problem. Using this system, programmers develop their applications in a high-level streaming language and let Adaptic undertake the difficult task of input portable optimizations and code generation. Several input-aware optimizations are introduced to make efficient use of the memory hierarchy and customize thread composition. At runtime, a properly optimized version of the application is executed based on the actual program input. We perform a head-to-head comparison between the Adaptic generated and hand-optimized CUDA programs. The results show that Adaptic is capable of generating codes that can perform on par with their hand-optimized counterparts over certain input ranges and outperform them when the input falls out of the hand-optimized programs' "comfort zone". Furthermore, we show that input-aware results are sustainable across different GPU targets making it possible to write and optimize applications once and run them anywhere.

关键词： design languages Performance Streaming Compiler GPU Optimization Portability

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DRFx: A Simple and Efficient Memory Model for Concurrent programming languages 10

DRFx: A Simple and Efficient Memory Model for Concurrent Pro...

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acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Marino, Daniel Singh, Abhayendra Millstein, Todd Musuvathi, Madanlal Narayanasamy, Satish Univ Calif Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450300193

The most intuitive memory model for shared-memory multi-threaded programming is sequential consistency (SC), but it disallows the use of many compiler and hardware optimizations thereby impacting performance. Data-race-free (DRF) models, such as the proposed C++0x memory model, guarantee SC execution for data-race-free programs. But these models provide no guarantee at all for racy programs, compromising the safety and debuggability of such programs. To address the safety issue, the Java memory model, which is also based on the DRF model, provides a weak semantics for racy executions. However, this semantics is subtle and complex, making it difficult for programmers to reason about their programs and for compiler writers to ensure the correctness of compiler optimizations. We present the DRFx memory model, which is simple for programmers to understand and use while still supporting many common optimizations. We introduce a memory model (MM) exception which can be signaled to halt execution. If a program executes without throwing this exception, then DRFx guarantees that the execution is SC. If a program throws an MM exception during an execution, then DRFx guarantees that the program has a data race. We observe that SC violations can be detected in hardware through a lightweight form of conflict detection. Furthermore, our model safely allows aggressive compiler and hardware optimizations within compiler-designated program regions. We formalize our memory model, prove several properties about this model, describe a compiler and hardware design suitable for DRFx, and evaluate the performance overhead due to our compiler and hardware requirements.

关键词： memory models sequential consistency data races memory model exception soft fences

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Exploiting hardware performance counters with flow and context sensitive profiling 97

Exploiting hardware performance counters with flow and conte...

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Proceedings of the 1997 acm SIGPLAM conference on programming language design and implementation, pldi

作者： Ammons, Glenn Ball, Thomas Larus, James R. Univ of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780897919074

A program profile attributes run-time costs to portions of a program's execution. Most profiling systems suffer from two major deficiencies: first, they only apportion simple metrics, such as execution frequency or elapsed time to static, syntactic units, such as procedures or statements;second, they aggressively reduce the volume of information collected and reported, although aggregation can hide striking differences in program behavior. This paper addresses both concerns by exploiting the hardware counters available in most modern processors and by incorporating two concepts from data flow analysis-flow and context sensitivity-to report more context for measurements. This paper extends our previous work on efficient path profiling to flow sensitive profiling, which associates hardware performance metrics with a path through a procedure. In addition, it describes a data structure, the calling context tree, that efficiently captures calling contexts for procedure-level measurements. Our measurements show that the SPEC95 benchmarks execute a small number (3-28) of hot paths that account for 9-98% of their L1 data cache misses. Moreover, these hot paths are concentrated in a few routines, which have complex dynamic behavior.

关键词： Computer programming languages

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Improving performance by branch reordering 98

Improving performance by branch reordering

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Proceedings of the 1998 Annual acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation, pldi

作者： Yang, Minghui Uh, Gang-Ryung Whalley, David B. Florida State Univ Tallahassee FL United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780897919876

The conditional branch has long been considered an expensive operation. The relative cost of conditional branches has increased as recently designed machines are now relying on deeper pipelines and higher multiple issue. Reducing the number of conditional branches executed can often result in a substantial performance benefit. This paper describes a code-improving transformation to reorder sequences of conditional branches. First, sequences of branches that can be reordered are detected in the control flow. Second, profiling information is collected to predict the probability that each branch will transfer control out of the sequence. Third, the cost of performing each conditional branch is estimated. Fourth, the most beneficial ordering of the branches based on the estimated probability and cost is selected. The most beneficial ordering often included the insertion of additional conditional branches that did not previously exist in the sequence. Finally, the control flow is restructured to reflect the new ordering. The results of applying the transformation were significant reductions in the dynamic number of instructions and branches, as well as decreases in execution time.

关键词： Computer systems programming

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Smooth Interpretation 10

Smooth Interpretation

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acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Chaudhuri, Swarat Solar-Lezama, Armando Penn State Univ University Pk PA 16802 USA MIT Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450300193

We present smooth interpretation, a method to systematically approximate numerical imperative programs by smooth mathematical functions. This approximation facilitates the use of numerical search techniques like gradient descent for program analysis and synthesis. The method extends to programs the notion of Gaussian smoothing, a popular signal-processing technique that filters out noise and discontinuities from a signal by taking its convolution with a Gaussian function. In our setting, Gaussian smoothing executes a program according to a probabilistic semantics;the execution of program P on an input x after Gaussian smoothing can be summarized as follows: (1) Apply a Gaussian perturbation to x-the perturbed input is a random variable following a normal distribution with mean x. (2) Compute and return the expected output of P on this perturbed input. Computing the expectation explicitly would require the execution of P on all possible inputs, but smooth interpretation bypasses this requirement by using a form of symbolic execution to approximate the effect of Gaussian smoothing on P. The result is an efficient but approximate implementation of Gaussian smoothing of programs. Smooth interpretation has the effect of attenuating features of a program that impede numerical searches of its input space-for example, discontinuities resulting from conditional branches are replaced by continuous transitions. We apply smooth interpretation to the problem of synthesizing values of numerical control parameters in embedded control applications. This problem is naturally formulated as one of numerical optimization: the goal is to find parameter values that minimize the error between the resulting program and a programmer-provided behavioral specification. Solving this problem by directly applying numerical optimization techniques is often impractical due to the discontinuities in the error function. By eliminating these discontinuities, smooth interpretation makes it possible to

关键词： Theory design Verification Program Smoothing Continuity Parameter Synthesis Abstract Interpretation Operational Semantics

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