South Africa's National Water Act strongly emphasis the need of public participation in water resource management decision-making ***,achieving meaningful participation continues to be a challenge especially for t...
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South Africa's National Water Act strongly emphasis the need of public participation in water resource management decision-making ***,achieving meaningful participation continues to be a challenge especially for the previously disadvantaged *** purpose of this research was to find out whether the disadvantaged community participants find their participation in Catchment Management Forum to be meaningful.A qualitative research approach that involved the use of primary and secondary data sources were used to achieve the aim of this *** obtained from participants were analysed *** results established that,the disadvantaged communities did not find their participation to be meaningful because their expectations have not yet been *** reliance on community organizations also excluded the majority of the population since these organizations did not interact with the community,hence not serving as ***,it was observed that participants did not understand the technical nature of information presented,which may be attributed to insufficient knowledge of water resource *** is suggested that,emphasis be placed on disadvantaged community participants ability to understanding the information presented in order to make a meaningful contribution.
Robustness of a software system is defined as the degree to which the system can behave ordinarily and in conformance with the requirements in extraordinary situations. By increasing the robustness many failures which...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780769546094
Robustness of a software system is defined as the degree to which the system can behave ordinarily and in conformance with the requirements in extraordinary situations. By increasing the robustness many failures which decrease the quality of the system can be avoided or masked. When it comes to specifying, testing and assessing software robustness in an efficient manner the methods and techniques are not mature yet. This paper presents RobusTest, a framework for testing robustness properties of a system with currently focus on timing issues. The expected robust behavior of the system is formulated as properties. The properties are then used to automatically generate robustness test cases and assess the results. An implementation of RobusTest in Java is presented here together with results from testing different, open-source implementations of the XMPP instant messaging protocol. By executing 400 test cases that were automatically generated from properties on two such implementations we found 11 critical failures and 15 nonconformance problems as compared to the XMPP specification.
It is considered that software architecture usually degrades as the system evolves. This phenomenon is termed as architectural degeneration. This paper describes a defect perspective for measuring architectural degene...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780769546094
It is considered that software architecture usually degrades as the system evolves. This phenomenon is termed as architectural degeneration. This paper describes a defect perspective for measuring architectural degeneration. Several metrics are defined for the measurement performed on two versions of a commercial compiler system. The main results are: (1) the architecture degenerates as the system evolves across the two versions;e.g., the quantity of code files changed to fix a source line of code in the following version increased by 90%;and (2) a few, correlated, components ("hotspots") in the architecture contribute more to the degeneration than other components. This implies that measuring architectural degeneration from the defect perspective can offer a potential to improve system quality and reduce maintenance costs.
Process algebras like Timed CSP offer a convenient level of abstraction for the specification and verification of distributed embedded real-time systems. Complex systems can be specified in terms of interacting module...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780769546094
Process algebras like Timed CSP offer a convenient level of abstraction for the specification and verification of distributed embedded real-time systems. Complex systems can be specified in terms of interacting modules whose interaction can be analyzed using the mechanisms of the process algebra. In this paper, we present a development approach that supports the construction of distributed real-time systems by exploiting Timed CSP's concept of modularity. Individual system components are refined to their low-level implementations and shown to be a formally correct implementation of their respective Timed CSP specifications. Their interaction can then be analyzed by composing the individual process specifications. The key idea underlying the presented approach is a formal relation between timed process algebraic specifications and implementations given in a general purpose programming language.
With the research and development of information integration platform in smart grid, the configuration for dynamic modeling database and some advanced features also made new demands. In comparing the existing cross-pl...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424462551
With the research and development of information integration platform in smart grid, the configuration for dynamic modeling database and some advanced features also made new demands. In comparing the existing cross-platform GUI development tools the pros and cons, the proposed configuration using Qt to develop software, and briefly describes the features of Qt and Qt-based development approach. It focuses on key technologies used in design and implementation of the configuration software. The configuration software has been successfully applied to Smart Substation reconstruction project implementation.
Diffusion bonding between the Cu-10%Fe and Al6061 alloys were successfully achieved at various temperatures(450-525?C) in the argon atmosphere. The bonding interface regions were analyzed using scanning electron micro...
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Diffusion bonding between the Cu-10%Fe and Al6061 alloys were successfully achieved at various temperatures(450-525?C) in the argon atmosphere. The bonding interface regions were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry and XRD. The presence of Fe particles in Cu was found to have an influence on the kinetics of intermetallic compound layer formation. Cu-Fe/Al 6061 exhibited the slower growth rate of intermetallic layers than Cu/Al 6061 after diffusion bonding. The movement of Cu-Fe/Cu9Al4 interface into Cu-Fe substrate appears to be hindered by the presence of populated Fe-containing particles and filaments. In addition to Cu9Al4, Cu Al and Cu Al2 intermetallic layers, Al7Cu2 Fe and unreacted Fe were observed to be present in the intermetallic layers. The intermetallic layers which are close to Cu such as Cu9Al4 and Cu Al were observed to be harder in Cu-10%Fe/Al 6061 than in Cu/Al 6061, suggesting Fe and its intermetallics have some strengthening effect on Cu9Al4 and Cu Al.
Demand profile analysis is very crucial in the evolution of intelligent demand side management and power dispatch planning practices. This is so, because not only a prior knowledge of the demand fluctuation is necessa...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781457705458
Demand profile analysis is very crucial in the evolution of intelligent demand side management and power dispatch planning practices. This is so, because not only a prior knowledge of the demand fluctuation is necessary, but also the sector of the demand causing the fluctuations. In this paper, a detailed demand profile analysis of Nigeria's annual electricity demand is presented using systems optimization approach of MESSAGE model. Since the MESSAGE load evaluation screen does not incorporate a module for the evaluation of peak to offpeak demand ratio, an extension of the model is proposed for this evaluation. The simulation results for the services, industrial and residential demand subsectors as well as the total demand were within expected pattern, with the services sector presenting the highest peak to off-peak demand ratio of 2.137.
Automotive software is required to collaboratively control multiple distributed processors, called ECUs (Electronic Control Units) connected through in-vehicle networks and embedded into different locations in a physi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780769546094
Automotive software is required to collaboratively control multiple distributed processors, called ECUs (Electronic Control Units) connected through in-vehicle networks and embedded into different locations in a physical system of a vehicle. The extremely high complexity of interactions among ECUs makes it difficult to design the collaborative control. For such systems, conventional design methodology based on the structure is not able to adequately present the architectural properties. This article proposes a design methodology for collaborative software architecture based on the behavioral properties. We define the property as attributes and states of the vehicle, surrounding environment and users. Based on the property model, we propose the extended DSM (Design Structure Matrix) and a set of associated models for modeling global behavior of systems for meeting NFRs (Non-Functional Requirements). We applied the proposed methodology to the VDM (Vehicle Dynamics Management System), one of the most complicated automotive control software, and demonstrated the effectiveness of the methodology.
AS the power transformer has been to the direction of high voltage and large capacity. Therefore, the calculation of major insulation and longitudinal insulation has been played a more and more important role in trans...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424462551
AS the power transformer has been to the direction of high voltage and large capacity. Therefore, the calculation of major insulation and longitudinal insulation has been played a more and more important role in transformer design. Use the simplified equivalent circuit as the calculated model. The calculation software for wave process of power transformer winding is developed with Matlab language and Matlab GUI, and the calculation examples are presented.
The aim of this study was to determine the level of nutrition knowledge,attitude and practices and nutritional status of school-going children in a semi arid food insecure Machakos District,Kenya.A cross-sectional stu...
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The aim of this study was to determine the level of nutrition knowledge,attitude and practices and nutritional status of school-going children in a semi arid food insecure Machakos District,Kenya.A cross-sectional study was conducted in 15 randomly selected primary schools.A sample size of 350 pupils was *** sampling method was used to select pupils by class and *** questionnaires,focus-group discussion guide,observation checklist and anthropometry were used to collect *** was analysed by SPSS version 11 and Nutri-Survey computer *** WHO 2006 growth standards were used to interpret nutrition data.A P-value of(P<0.05) was considered ***(P<0.05) more females(83.1%) than males(64.3%) formed the bulk of those without secondary *** 56.1% of pupils' parents were involved in casual *** 39.1% of the pupils' households had pit latrines made of banana/grass walls,earthen floor and no roof while 16.4% of the households disposed household refuse in open *** of nutrition knowledge,attitude and practices measured included;nutritive value of food,hygiene and safety,cooking methods,food selection for different groups,food production and food *** administered validated performance tests on nutrition knowledge and attitude levels showed that 4.6%,37.6% and 57.8% of pupils scored average,poor and very poor respectively indicating lack of adequate nutrition *** beliefs,taboos and attitudes negatively affected nutrition *** 8.8%,22.9% and 64.3% of pupils made food related decisions,prepared meals and washed up at home *** 14.5%,28.9% and 3.9% of the pupils were underweight(Weight-for-Age),stunted(Height-for-Age) and wasted(Weight-for-Height) *** education in primary schools has to be strengthened if any country has to effectively address malnutrition.
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