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2nd International Workshop on parallel Algorithms for Irregularly Structured Problems, IRREGULAR 1995

作者： Uhl, Andreas Research Institute for Softwaretechnology Salzburg University Austria

ISBN: (纸本)3540603212

Among other adaptive wavelet analysis methods, wavelet packet best basis selection has become a popular method in image compression. This paper introduces a subband based parallelization of the decomposition and the best basis selection. This approach overcomes most of the difficulties of a straightforward parallel version of the sequential algorithm. Beside the higher efficiency the algorithm is easier to implement than its classical version. Results are presented that are achieved through an implementation on a workstationcluster using PVM. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1995.

关键词： Wavelet analysis

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Region algorithms to evaluate parallel vision architectures

Region algorithms to evaluate parallel vision architectures

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Applications of Digital image processing XViiI

作者： Bonnin, Patrick J. Pissaloux, Edwige Univ. Paris XIII and ETCA Arcueil Cedex Fr

ISBN: (纸本)0819419230

The research presented here focuses on the general problem of finding tools and methods to compare and evaluate parallel architectures in this particular field: the computer vision. As there are several different parallel architectures proposed for machine vision, some means of comparison between them are necessary in order to employ the most suitable architecture for a given application. 'Benchmarks' are the most popular tools for machine speed comparison, but do not give any information on the most convenient hardware structures for implementation of a given vision problem. This paper tries to overcome this weakness by proposing a definition of the concept of a tool for the evaluation of parallel architecture (more general than a benchmark), and provides a characterization of the chosen algorithms. Taken into account different ways to process data, it is necessary to consider two different classes of machines: MISD and (MIMD, SPMD, SIMD) offering different programming models, thus leading to two classes of algorithms. Consequently, two algorithms, one for each class are proposed: 1) the extraction of connected components, and 2) a parallel region growing algorithm with data reorganization. The second algorithm tests the capabilities of the architecture to support the following: i) pyramidal data structures (initial region step), ii) a merge procedure between global and global information (adjacent regions to the growing region), and iii) a parallel merge procedure between local and global information (adjacent points to the growing region).

关键词： parallel processing systems

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Task allocation in distributed computer systems through an AI planner solver

Task allocation in distributed computer systems through an A...

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Proceedings of the IEEE 1995 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. Part 2 (of 2)

作者： Hopper, Chahira M. Pan, Yi Wright Lab Wright Patterson Air Force Base United States

Many avionics systems use specialized parallel architectures to speed processing and to increase system reliability. The software used therein is frequently divided into tasks and executed concurrently on multiple processors under strict real-time constraints critical to the mission's successful performance. Scheduling and planning are needed for effectively managing the computational resources on such avionics architectures. Since most real-time scheduling problems are known to be NP-hard, an approximation approach that applies heuristic methods using conventional computer algorithms has been used to solve these scheduling problems. Artificial Intelligence (AI) planners have been used extensively in manufacturing scheduling and operations research. In this paper, we demonstrate the idea of using AI planners to perform scheduling through an example. We derive a solution to scheduling several image tasks on a distributed computer system, using the AI planner PRODIGY. The basic characteristics of AI planners in general and the PRODIGY solver in particular are described, the domain theory and problem specification for our problem through the PRODIGY description language PDL are presented.

关键词： distributed computer systems

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A parallel row projection solver for large sparse linear systems

A parallel row projection solver for large sparse linear sys...

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Euromicro Workshop on parallel and distributed processing

作者： M. Dapuzzo M. Lapegna Dipartimento di Matematica e Applicazioni Naples Univ. Italy Dipartimento di Matematica e Applicazioni Università di Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy

In this paper we present a parallel iterative solver for large and sparse nonsymmetric linear systems. The solver is based on a row-projection algorithm, derived from the symmetrized block version of the Kaczmarz method with Conjugate Gradient acceleration. A comparison with some Krylov subspace methods shows the remarkable robustness of this algorithm when applied to systems with eigenvalues arbitrarily distributed in the complex plane. The parallel version of the algorithm was developed for MIMD distributed memory machines and it is based on a row partitioning approach which allows to compute each iteration as a simultaneous set of independent least squares problems. Moreover, we propose a data distribution strategy leading to a scalable communication scheme. The algorithm has been tested both on a system Intel iPSC/860 and on the Intel Touchstone DELTA System, running the Intel NX message passing environment.< >

关键词： Linear systems Partitioning algorithms Iterative algorithms Acceleration Robustness Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Concurrent computing distributed computing Least squares methods Distribution strategy

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PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE OF DNA-PLOIDY IN ORAL SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMAS - A RETROSPECTIVE HOW AND image CYTOMETRIC STUDY WITH COMPARISON OF DNA-PLOIDY IN EXCISIONAL BIOPSY SPECIMENS AND RESECTION SPECIMENS, PRIMARY TUMORS, AND LYMPH-NODE METASTASES

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ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY AND ENDODONTICS 1995年第1期79卷 68-76页

作者： BARETTON, G LI, X STOLL, C FISCHERBRANDIES, E SCHMIDT, M LOHRS, U WUHAN UNIV INST PATHOLWUHAN 430072PEOPLES R CHINA UNIV MUNICH DEPT ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURGMUNICHGERMANY UNIV MUNICH INST MED INFORMAT BIOMETRY & EPIDEMIOLMUNICHGERMANY

Deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy was determined in paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from 116 patients with primary oral squamous cell carcinomas (including 5 carcinomas of the lip and 14 of the tongue) by means of flow cytometry. One hundred six cases were suitable for evaluation (91%). Sixty-eight percent of the cases (n = 72) showed a nondiploid nuclear DNA content. Nondiploidy correlated significantly with presence of lymph node metastases (p < 0.02) but not with tumor stage, grading (World Health Organization), or relapse-free and overall survival. Carcinomas of the lip and tongue turned out to be diploid more frequently than other oral squamous cell carcinomas (p = 0.002). In the 21 cases in which a comparison of DNA content of excisional biopsy specimens and subsequent resection specimens was possible a difference in DNA ploidy was found in one case only. The comparison of primary tumors and their lymph node metastases in 30 cases revealed a discrepancy of DNA content in five cases (17%), which was connected with a shift from nondiploidy to diploidy in four out of five cases. Fifty cases studied in parallel by means of image cytometry with Feulgen-stained tissue sections exhibited a concordance of the ploidy status in 87% and a significant correlation of the DNA index values obtained with both methods (p < 0.01). These results demonstrate that DNA ploidy in oral squamous cell carcinomas is distributed rather homogeneously within the tumors and remains rather stable in the lymph node metastases. Despite a significant correlation between nondiploidy and presence of lymph node metastases, ploidy failed to be a statistically significant parameter for prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinomas in our investigation.

关键词： Aneuploidy Carcinoma Squamous Cell Chi-Square Distribution DNA Neoplasm Female Flow Cytometry Humans image processing Computer-Assisted Linear Models Lip Neoplasms Lymphatic Metastasis Male Middle Aged Mouth Neoplasms Neoplasm Staging Prognosis Retrospective Studies Survival Analysis Tongue Neoplasms

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New data-parallel language features for sparse matrix computations

New data-parallel language features for sparse matrix comput...

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International Symposium on parallel processing

作者： M. Ujaldon E.L. Zapata B.M. Chapman H.P. Zima Department of Computer Architecture University of Malaga Malaga Spain Institute for Soft. Technology and Parallel Systems University of Technology Vienna Vienna Austria

High level data parallel languages such as Vienna Fortran and High Performance Fortran (HPF) have been introduced to allow the programming of massively parallel distributed memory machines at a relatively high level of abstraction, based on the single program multiple data (SPMD) paradigm. Their main features include mechanisms for expressing the distribution of data across the processors of a machine. The paper introduces additional language functionality to allow the efficient processing of sparse matrix codes. It introduces methods for the representation and distribution of sparse matrices, which forms a powerful mechanism for storing and manipulating sparse matrices able to be efficiently implemented on massively parallel machines.< >

关键词： Sparse matrices Educational programs Finite element methods image reconstruction Data structures

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A hierarchical image matching scheme based on the dynamic detection of interesting points

A hierarchical image matching scheme based on the dynamic de...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： J. You E. Pissaloux H.A. Cohen School of Computer and Information Science University of South Australia SA Australia Institut dElectronique Fondamentale Université Paris XI Orsay France Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering La Trobe University Bundoora VIC Australia

This paper presents a parallel approach to a hierarchical image matching scheme using the Hausdorff distance for object recognition and localization in aerial images. Unlike the conventional matching methods in which edge pixels are considered as image feature pixels, the distance transform and the blind pointwise comparison procedure is simplified and extended in terms of the Hausdorff distance, and a guided image matching system is developed by the hierarchical detection of interesting points via a dynamic thresholding scheme for the search of the best matching between two image sets. Furthermore, the concept of remote procedure call (RPC) in distributed systems is introduced for the parallel implementation to achieve the speedup without specific software and hardware requirements.

关键词： image matching image edge detection Pixel Object recognition Hardware

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distributed memory implementation of elliptic partial differential equations in a dataparallel functional language

Distributed memory implementation of elliptic partial differ...

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Programming Models for Massively parallel Computers

作者： H. Kuchen H. Stoltze I. Dimov A. Karaivanova Lehrstuhl fur Informatik II RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria

We show that the numerical solution of partial differential equations can be elegantly and efficiently addressed in a functional language. Two statistical numerical methods are considered. We discuss why current parallel imperative languages are difficult to use and why general (expression parallel) functional languages are not efficient enough. The key point of our approach is to offer "unique" arrays and some operations on them which allow to handle their elements in parallel, including operations which exchange the partitions of an array between the processors. These operations constitute a deadlock-free high-level way of communication.

关键词： Partial differential equations Programming profession System recovery Message passing parallel processing Data structures Genetic expression Partitioning algorithms Educational programs Load management

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Probabilistic adaptive direct optimism control in time warp

Probabilistic adaptive direct optimism control in time warp

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Workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed Simulation (PADS)

作者： A. Ferscha Institut für Angewandte Informatik Universität Wien Vienna Austria

In a distributed memory environment the communication overhead of Time Warp as induced by the rollback procedure due to "overoptimistic" progression of the simulation is the dominating performance factor. To limit optimism to an extent that can be justified from the inherent model parallelism, an optimism control mechanism is proposed, which by maintaining a history record of virtual time differences from the time stamps carried by arriving messages, and forecasting the timestamps of forthcoming messages, probabilistically delays the execution of scheduled events to avoid potential rollback and associated communication overhead (antimessages). After investigating statistical forecast methods which express only the central tendency of the arrival process, we demonstrate that arrival processes in the context of Time Warp simulations of timed Petri nets have certain predictable and consistent ARIMA characteristics, which encourage the use of sophisticated and recursive forecast procedures based on those models. Adaptiveness is achieved in two respects: the synchronization behavior of logical processes automatically adjusts to that point in the continuum between optimistically progressing and conservatively blocking, that is the most adequate for (i) the specific simulation model and (ii) the communication/computation speed characteristics of the underlying execution platform.< >

关键词： Programmable control Adaptive control Communication system control Time warp simulation Predictive models parallel processing History Delay effects Petri nets Context modeling

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Task allocation in distributed computer systems through an AI planner solver

Task allocation in distributed computer systems through an A...

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IEEE National Conference on Aerospace and Electronics (NAECON)

作者： C.M. Hopper Yi Pan Wright Laboratories OH USA Computer Science Dcpmnent University of Dayton Dayton OH USA

Many avionics systems use specialized parallel architectures to speed processing and to increase system reliability. The software used therein is frequently divided into tasks and executed concurrently on multiple processors under strict real-time constraints critical to the mission's successful performance. Scheduling and planning are needed for effectively managing the computational resources on such avionics architectures. Since most real-time scheduling problems are known to be NP-hard, an approximation approach that applies heuristic methods using conventional computer algorithms has been used to solve these scheduling problems. Artificial intelligence (AI) planners have been used extensively in manufacturing scheduling and operations research. In this paper, we demonstrate the idea of using AI planners to perform scheduling through an example. We derive a solution to scheduling several image tasks on a distributed computer system, using the AI planner PRODIGY. The basic characteristics of AI planners in general and the PRODIGY solver in particular are described, the domain theory and problem specification for our problem through the PRODIGY description language PDL are presented.

关键词： distributed computing Artificial intelligence Job shop scheduling Processor scheduling Aerospace electronics Concurrent computing parallel architectures Reliability Software performance Resource management

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