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Proceedings - 18th International parallel and distributed processing Symposium, IPDPS 2004 (Abstracts and CD-ROM)

作者： Cooper, K. Dasgupta, A. Kennedy, K. Koelbel, C. Mandal, A. Marin, G. Mazina, M. Mellor-Crummey, J. Berman, F. Casanova, H. Chien, A. Dail, H. Liu, X. Olugbile, A. Sievert, O. Xia, H. Johnsson, L. Liu, B. Patel, M. Reed, D. Deng, W. Mendes, C. Shi, Z. YarKhan, A. Dongarra, J. Computer Science Dept. Rice University Dept. of Computer Science University of California San Diego Dept. of Computer Science University of Houston Dept. of Computer Science University of Illinois ICL University of Tennessee

ISBN: (纸本)0769521320

The goal of the Grid Application Development Software (GrADS) Project is to provide programming tools and an execution environment to ease program development for the Grid. This paper presents recent extensions to the GrADS software framework: (1) A new approach to scheduling workflow computations, applied to a 3-D image reconstruction application;(2) A simple stop/migrate/restart approach to rescheduling Grid applications, applied to a QR factorization benchmark;and (3) A process-swapping approach to rescheduling, applied to an N-body simulation. Experiments validating these methods were carried out on both the GrADS MacroGrid (a small but functional Grid) and the MicroGrid (a controlled emulation of the Grid) and the results were demonstrated at the SC2003 conference.

关键词： Software engineering

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Computing the success factors in consistent acquisition and recognition of objects in color digital images by explicit preconditioning

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JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING 2004年第2期30卷 179-198页

作者： Maglogiannis, IG Zafiropoulos, EP Platis, AN Gravvanis, GA Univ Aegean Dept Informat & Commun Syst Engn GR-83200 Karlovassi Samos Greece Natl Tech Univ Athens Sch Elect & Comp Engn GR-15773 Athens Greece Hellen Open Univ Dept Comp Sci Patras Greece

The paper studies the factors influencing the consistent acquisition and recognition of object's color and border features in digital imaging. The proposed image acquisition process is utilized by a computer supported imaging system implementing the acquisition and analysis of skin lesion images supporting medical diagnosis. In addition the same approach may be used for several problems requiring reliable color measurement and object identification. Two methodologies are adopted: The Bayesian Networks, which provide an efficient way of reasoning under uncertainty and are used to incorporate the expert judgement into the estimation of the probability of successful operation, and a Markov chain approach, which is generally used for the dynamic modeling of the system behavior. The Markov chain model requires asymptotically the solution of sparse linear systems. Explicit preconditioned methods are used for the efficient solution of the derived sparse linear system, and the parallel implementation of the dominant computational part is exploited.

关键词： digital image acquisition camera calibration color measurement reproducibility computer vision Bayesian networks Markov modeling Markov Reward Models approximate inverses preconditioning parallel computations

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Computing the success factors in consistent acquisition and recognition of objects in color digital images by explicit preconditioning

Computing the success factors in consistent acquisition and ...

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International Conference on parallel and distributed processing Techniques and Applications

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The 4D cluster visualization project

The 4D cluster visualization project

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Medical Imaging 2004 Conference

作者： Redmond, M Brodsky, E Hu, YH Grist, T Schulte, M Block, W Univ Wisconsin Madison WI 53792 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819452807

It is becoming increasingly common to image time-resolved flow patterns through the vascular system in all three spatial dimensions using non-invasive methods. The capability to generate four-dimensional (4D) (x, y, z and time) vascular flow data is growing in several modalities. Vastly undersampled Isotropic PRojection (VIPR) is one such method using high-resolution, fast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the vasculature system during intravenous contrast injection. VIPR currently produces 4D data sets of twenty to forty frames of 256(3) voxels each, and stronger magnets will allow higher resolution time series that generate gigabytes of data. Real-time visualization and analysis of 4D data can quickly overwhelm the memory and processing capabilities of desktop workstations. 4D Cluster Visualization (4DCV) offers a straightforward, scalable approach to interactively display and manipulate 4D, reconstructed, VIPR data sets. 4DCV exploits the inherently parallel nature of 4D frame data to interactively manipulate and render individual 3D data frames simultaneously across all nodes of a visualization cluster. An interactive animation is produced in real-time by reading back the 2D rendered results, to a central animation console where the image sequence is assembled into a continuous stream for display. Basic 4DCV can be extended to allow rendering of multiple frames on one node, compression of image streams for serving remote clinical workstations, and local archival storage of 3D data frames at the cluster nodes for quick retrieval of medical exams. 4D Cluster Visualization concepts can also be extended to distributed and Grid implementations.

关键词： medical imaging 4D visualization cluster visualization parallel rendering cluster animation

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parallelization and comparison of 3D iterative reconstruction algorithms

Parallelization and comparison of 3D iterative reconstructio...

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Euromicro Conference on parallel, distributed and Network-Based processing

作者： J.-R. Bilbao-Castro J.M. Carazo J.J. Fernandez I. Garcia Biocomputing Unit Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC Madrid Spain Department Arquitectura Computadores y Electrónica Universidad de Almería Universidad de Almería Ctra. Almeria Spain

High resolution structure determination of biological macromolecules by electron microscopy is central to understand their biological function. These structural analyses involve processing thousands projection images taken from the specimen at different orientations. Regularized iterative reconstruction methods are well suited to deal with the extremely noise conditions found in those studies, but they are computationally expensive. parallel computing then emerges as a natural solution for those problems allowing huge jobs to be run in clusters of workstations. This work describes and analyzes the parallel implementations of five 3D iterative reconstruction algorithms, including simultaneous and block-iterative methods. The evaluation of the parallel approaches is carried put in terms of speedups and computation versus communication times. It is shown that there are specific iterative methods that are specially well suited for parallelization, with a great level of scalability and fast convergence rates. This work draws the conclusion that the use of those parallel reconstruction methods is going to be central to afford "grand challenge " problems currently unapproachable in structural biology, such as structure determination at close-to-atomic resolution by electron microscopy.

关键词： Reconstruction algorithms Iterative methods Electron microscopy Molecular biophysics image analysis Biology computing parallel processing Workstations Algorithm design and analysis Concurrent computing

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Scalable regularized tomography without repeated projections

Scalable regularized tomography without repeated projections

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International Symposium on parallel and distributed processing (IPDPS)

作者： J. August T. Kanade The Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA

Summary form only given. X-ray computerized tomography (CT) and related imaging modalities (e.g., PET) are notorious for their excessive computational demands, especially when noise-resistant probabilistic methods such as regularized tomography are used. The basic idea of regularized tomography is to compute a smooth image whose simulated projections (line integrals) approximate the observed, noisy X-ray projections. The computational expense in previous methods stems from explicitly applying a large sparse projection matrix to enforce these smoothness and data fidelity constraints during each of many iterations of the algorithm. Here we review our recent work in regularized tomography in which the smoothness constraint is analytically transformed from the image to the projection domain, before any computations begin. As a result, iterations take place entirely in the projection domain, avoiding the repeated sparse matrix-vector products. A more surprising benefit is the decoupling of a large system of regularization equations into many small systems of simpler independent equations, whose solution requires an "embarassingly parallel" computation. Here, we demonstrate that this method provides linear speedup of regularized tomography for up to 20 compute nodes (Pentium 4, 1.5 GHz) on a 100 Mb/s network using a Matlab MPI implementation.

关键词： X-ray imaging Computed tomography Sparse matrices Equations Optical imaging Positron emission tomography Computational modeling image analysis Concurrent computing Computer networks

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Dynamic data access to the GT/CERCS Linux mirror site

Dynamic data access to the GT/CERCS Linux mirror site

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International Symposium on parallel and distributed processing (IPDPS)

作者： M. Mansour M. Wolf K. Schwan College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology USA

Summary form only given. The purpose of this work is to better understand the dynamic data sharing behavior of certain classes of grid end users. Toward this end, we study a large-scale data repository and the end users' access behaviors to this repository. Interesting insights from the study include that (1) the use of parallel methods for data downloads, via download accelerators, is common, despite qualms expressed by the community about the impacts of such behavior on wide area data distribution networks, (2) high levels of burstiness exist for such data movements, as also observed for scientific or populist data repositories and Web sites (e.g., space imagery, sports events), and (3) a large number of remote data retrievals are by single clients for single files. We finally discuss the impact of our observations on grid applications in general.

关键词： Linux Mirrors Information retrieval Grid computing distributed computing Educational institutions image retrieval Large-scale systems Collaborative work Collaboration

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High-level design environment for massive parallel VLSI-implementations of statistical signal- and image processing models

High-level design environment for massive parallel VLSI-impl...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： S. Stilkerich J.K. Anlauf Image and Signal Processing Groupe EADS Corporate Research Center Munich Germany Institute of Computer Science II University of Bonn Bonn Germany

In this paper we introduce and describe a generic and semiconductor-technology independent hardware development environment for a class of statistical signal- and image processing models. The statistical signal- and image processing approach under consideration formally adopts the Bayesian paradigm and uses discrete Markov random field (MRF) models for the processing models to derive the joint distribution of signal- and image processing problems by means of mathematically and computationally tractable conditional distributions. We experimentally demonstrate and prove the capabilities respectively the concepts of the proposed high-level design environment by detailed chip layouts of different neighbourhood topologies and a single processing element of a MRF-architecture, which solves the image processing problem of noise removing, restoration and intensity-level preserving.

关键词： Signal design Signal processing image processing Mathematical model Hardware Bayesian methods Markov random fields distributed computing Topology Working environment noise

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New grid scheduling and rescheduling methods in the GrADS project

New grid scheduling and rescheduling methods in the GrADS pr...

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International Symposium on parallel and distributed processing (IPDPS)

作者： K. Cooper A. Dasgupta K. Kennedy C. Koelbel A. Mandal G. Marin M. Mazina J. Mellor-Crummey F. Berman H. Casanova A. Chien H. Dail X. Liu A. Olugbile O. Sievert H. Xia L. Johnsson B. Liu M. Patel D. Reed W. Deng C. Mendes Z. Shi A. YarKhan J. Dongarra Computer Science Department Rice University USA Department of Computer Science University of California San Diego USA Department of Computer Science University of Houston USA Department of Computer Science University of Illinois USA ICL University of Tennessee Knoxville USA

Summary form only given. The goal of the Grid Application Development Software (GrADS) project is to provide programming tools and an execution environment to ease program development for the grid. We present recent extensions to the GrADS software framework: 1. A new approach to scheduling workflow computations, applied to a 3D image reconstruction application; 2. A simple stop/migrate/restart approach to rescheduling grid applications, applied to a QR 3. A process-swapping approach to rescheduling, applied to an N-body simulation. Experiments validating these methods were carried out on both the GrADS MacroGrid (a small but functional grid) and the MicroGrid (a controlled emulation of the grid) and the results were demonstrated at the SC2003 conference.

关键词： Grid computing Application software Computer science distributed computing Contracts Processor scheduling Software tools Instruments Usability Runtime

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Design of DCS duplexer using SAW ladder filter

Design of DCS duplexer using SAW ladder filter

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IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Signal processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS)

作者： Ru-Yue Lee Hung-Yu Lee Ruyen Ro Hsin-Yuan Tung Department of Electrical Engineering I-Shou University Kaohsiung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0780386396

The frequency responses of SAW ladder filters, which consist of a one-port resonator in a parallel arm and one in a series arm, are investigated and their applications in designing a duplexer are also illustrated. The one-port resonators with apodized interdigital transducers and width-controlled reflection gratings are employed to increase the operating bandwidth as well as to suppress the effects of spurious modes. The transmission matrix method along with the image parameter method is applied to design the duplexer, which consists of two SAW ladder filters connected in parallel. Simulation results indicate that with a proper design of transmission line for impedance matching, a switchless duplexer with very low loss can be tailored using SAW devices.

关键词： distributed control Surface acoustic waves Resonator filters Transmission line matrix methods Frequency Transducers Reflection Gratings Bandwidth Impedance matching

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