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International Conference on parallel and distributed Systems (ICPADS)

作者： K.L. Chung Y.W. Chen Department of Information Management National Taiwan Institute of Technology Taipei Taiwan

Embedding one parallel architecture into another is very important in the area of parallel processing because parallel architectures can vary widely. Given a pyramid architecture of (4/sup N/-1)/3 nodes and height N, this paper presents a mapping method to embed the pyramid architecture into a 2/sup N-1-k//spl times/2/sup N-1-k//spl times/(4/sup k+1/+2)/3 mesh for 0/spl les/k/spl les/N-1. Our method has dilation max{4/sup k/, 2/sup N-2-k/} and expansion 1+2/(4k+1). When setting k=(N-2)/3, the pyramid can be embedded into a 2/sup (2N-1//3)/spl times/2/sup (2N-1//3)/spl times/[4/sup (N+1//3)+2]/3 mesh, and it has dilation and expansion 1+2/[4/sup (N+1//3)]. This result has can optimal expansion when N is sufficiently large and is superior to the previous mapping methods in terms of the same gauges.

关键词： parallel architectures Tree graphs parallel processing Computer architecture Information management parallel algorithms image processing Concurrent computing Embedded computing Computational geometry

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Coarse-grain parallel genetic algorithms: categorization and new approach

Coarse-grain parallel genetic algorithms: categorization and...

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International Symposium on parallel and distributed processing (IPDPS)

作者： Shyh-Chang Lin W.F. Punch E.D. Goodman Genetic Algorithm Research and Applications Group Case Center and Department of Computer Science Michigan State University USA Dept. of Comput. Sci. Michigan State Univ. East Lansing MI USA

This paper describes a number of different coarse-grain GA's, including various migration strategies and connectivity schemes to address the premature convergence problem. These approaches are evaluated on a graph partitioning problem. Our experiments showed, first, that the sequential GA's used are not as effective as parallel GA's for this graph partition problem. Second, for coarse-grain GA's, the results indicate that using a large number of nodes and exchanging individuals asynchronously among them is very effective. Third, GA's that exchange solutions based on population similarity instead of a fixed connection topology get better results without any degradation in speed. Finally, we propose a new coarse-grained GA architecture, the Injection Island GA (iiGA). The preliminary results of iiGA's show them to be a promising new approach to coarse-grain GA's.< >

关键词： Genetic algorithms Convergence Genetic mutations Adaptive systems Circuit testing Application software Computer science Topology Optimization methods image recognition

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parallel implementation of vision algorithms on workstation clusters

Parallel implementation of vision algorithms on workstation ...

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International Conference on Pattern Recognition

作者： D. Judd N.K. Ratha P.K. McKinley J. Weng A.K. Jain Department of Computer Science Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA

parallel implementations of two computer vision algorithms on distributed cluster platforms are described. The first algorithm is a square-error data clustering method whose parallel implementation is based on the well-known sequential CLUSTER program. The second algorithm is a motion parameter estimation algorithm used to determine correspondence between two images taken of the same scene. Both algorithms have been implemented and tested on cluster platforms using the PVM package. Performance measurements demonstrate that it is possible to attain good performance in terms of execution time and speedup for large-scale problems, provided that adequate memory; swap space, and I/O capacity are available at each node.

关键词： Workstations Clustering algorithms Computer vision Clustering methods Parameter estimation Layout Testing Packaging Measurement Large-scale systems

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Data-parallel approach to the implementation of weighted medians technique on parallel/super-computers

Data-parallel approach to the implementation of weighted med...

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Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Symposium on parallel and distributed processing

作者： Lam, K.P. Horne, E. Univ of Kent Canterbury United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)081864222X

Non-linear filters have been used in many signal processing applications, for example, to obtain optimum signal extraction or detection in the presence of random noise. The weighted median filter (WMF), of which the standard median is a special case, is a novel non-linear technique designed for 2D image processing. A major advantage of the WMF is its flexibility in design to deal with a wide variety of properties. This paper describes a commonly used class W(4,4,1) of the WMF. As with most non-linear methods, the computational demands of this technique are high and require a non-trivial number of `expensive' operations. A data parallel approach for efficient implementation of the WMF is described and implemented on two architecturally dissimilar supercomputers, the Convex C3840 and the Connection Machine CM-200. An analysis of the performance obtained from these two high performance parallel platforms is presented.

关键词： parallel processing systems

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QUANTITATivE-ANALYSIS OF GEL ELECTROPHORETOGRAMS BY image-ANALYSIS AND LEAST-SQUARES MODELING

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ELECTROPHORESIS 1993年第7期14卷 601-612页

作者： VOHRADSKY, J PANEK, J CZECHOSLOVAK ACAD SCI INST MICROBIOL CS-11142 PRAGUE 1 CZECHOSLOVAKIA

A computer-aided quantitative method for a complex analysis of gel electrophoretograms is presented. The analysis consists of several steps: (i) determination of the background image by methods of mathematical morphology and its subtraction from the gel image, (ii) selection of an appropriate part of the gel lane including curved lanes and lanes with a nonuniform width, (iii) computation of the lane densitogram by averaging several lane-parallel scans, (iv) decomposition of the lane densitogram into component bands using a data selecting algorithm and Marquardt's minimizer. Several different functions for component bands are utilized. It is shown that the densitogram can be decomposed into component bands with reasonable accuracy only if an appropriate model function is chosen. The algorithms are tested on several different gel electrophoretograms which show typical features as a nonuniform background, curved lanes, an asymmetrical band shape and a superposition of small bands on the shoulders of big ones. It is shown that overlapped bands are best approximated by an asymmetrical Gaussian curve and an asymmetrical Gauss-Cauchy function. Linear response to the serial dilution of the protein sample is tested.

关键词： Densitometry DNA, Bacterial/analysis Electrophoresis, Agar Gel/methods Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel/methods Escherichia coli/genetics image processing, Computer-Assisted Least-Squares Analysis Mathematics Molecular Weight Plasmids Proteins/chemistry Ribosomal Proteins/analysis Streptomyces aureofaciens/chemistry

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EVOLVING NEURAL-NETWORK PATTERN CLASSIFIERS 2

EVOLVING NEURAL-NETWORK PATTERN CLASSIFIERS

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CONF ON NEURAL AND STOCHASTIC methods IN image AND SIGNAL processing 2

作者： MCDONNELL, JR WAAGEN, DE PAGE, WC Naval Command Control and Ocean Surveillance Ctr. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819412813

This work investigates the application of evolutionary programming for automatically configuring neural network architectures for pattern classification tasks. The evolutionary programming search procedure implements a parallel nonlinear regression technique and represents a powerful method for evaluating a multitude of neural network model hypotheses. The evolutionary programming search is augmented with the Solis & Wets random optimization method thereby maintaining the integrity of the stochastic search while taking into account empirical information about the response surface. A network architecture is proposed which is motivated by the structures generated in projection pursuit regression and the cascade-correlation learning architecture. Results are given for the 3-bit parity, normally distributed data, and the T-C classifier problems.

关键词： Computer programming Neural networks Network architectures Stochastic processes Neurons Evolutionary optimization Autoregressive models image classification Brain mapping Chemical elements

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SQUARE-ROOT FILTERING IN TIME-SEQUENTIAL ESTIMATION OF RANDOM-FIELDS

SQUARE-ROOT FILTERING IN TIME-SEQUENTIAL ESTIMATION OF RANDO...

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CONF ON VIDEO AND image processing

作者： CHIN, TM KARL, WC MARIANO, AJ WILLSKY, AS Univ. of Miami (United States) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819411361

As a time-sequential and Bayesian front-end for image sequence processing, we consider the square root information (SRI) realization of Kalman filter. The computational complexity of the filter due to the dimension of the problem -- the size of the state vector is on the order of the number of pixels in the image frame -- is decreased drastically using a reduced-order approximation exploiting the natural spatial locality in the random field specifications. The actual computation for the reduced-order SRI filter is performed by an iterative and distributed algorithm for the unitary transformation steps, providing a potentially faster alternative to the common QR factorization-based methods. For the space-time estimation problems, near- optimal solutions can be obtained in a small number of iterations (e.g., less than 10), and each iteration can be performed in a finely parallel manner over the image frame, an attractive feature for a dedicated hardware implementation.

关键词： Filtering (signal processing) image processing Electronic filtering Matrices image filtering Video processing Chemical elements Digital filtering Optimal filtering Information operations

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Edge detection on massively parallel machines: a local threshold approach

Edge detection on massively parallel machines: a local thres...

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Euromicro Workshop on parallel and distributed processing

作者： N. Scarabottolo D. Sorrenti M. Spertini Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione Politecnico di Milano Milano Italy

Describes an approach to edge detection particularly suited for implementation on distributed-memory massively parallel MIMD machines. One of the main tasks of this work is the identification of an optimal edge threshold, i.e. the value of the luminance gradient allowing one to identify actual edge pixels. Such identification has been done by adopting a local approach, where the image is a-priori partitioned into small square windows, and the optimal threshold is selected by ranking the outputs produced by several thresholds inside each window. The innovative contributions of this work lie in the fact that, by partitioning the image in suitably small windows, the probability of having only one edge chain in each window is maximized (thus enhancing the effectiveness of the optimal threshold selection criterion), and the scalability of the application is ensured (due to the high number of simple processing tasks into which the algorithm is subdivided).< >

关键词： image edge detection parallel machines Smoothing methods Partitioning algorithms Low pass filters Scalability Concurrent computing Pixel Algorithm design and analysis

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A data-parallel approach to the implementation of weighted medians technique on parallel/super-computers

A data-parallel approach to the implementation of weighted m...

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International Symposium on parallel and distributed processing (IPDPS)

作者： K.P. Lam E. Horne Computing Laboratory University of Kent Canterbury UK University of Kent Canterbury Kent GB Kent Univ. Canterbury UK

Nonlinear filters have been used in many signal processing applications, for example, to obtain optimum signal extraction or detection in the presence of random noise. The weighted median filter (WMF), of which the standard median is a special case, is a novel nonlinear technique designed for 2D image processing. A major advantage of the WMF is its flexibility in design to deal with a wide variety of properties. This paper describes a commonly used class W(4,4,1) of the WMF. AS with most nonlinear methods, the computational demands of this technique are high and require a non-trivial number of "expensive" operations. A data parallel approach for efficient implementation of the WMF is described and implemented on two architecturally dissimilar supercomputers, the Convex C3840 and the Connection Machine CM-200. An analysis of the performance obtained from these two high performance parallel platforms is presented.< >

关键词： Filters Concurrent computing Laboratories image processing image converters Performance analysis Control systems parallel algorithms parallel processing parallel architectures

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DATA parallel VISUAL RECONSTRUCTION AND PARTITIONING ALGORITHMS

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parallel processing Letters 1993年第3期3卷 267-277页

作者： PAUL C. XIROUCHAKIS PEARL Y. WANG OPHIR FRIEDER J.J.M.A. Inc. 2301 S. Jefferson Davis Hwy Suite 505 Arlington Virginia 22202 USA Computer Science Department George Mason University Fairfax Virginia 22030–4444 USA This research was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under contract number IRI-9357785.

Data parallel visual reconstruction and partitioning algorithms and the associated code are developed for a vector random access machine (V-RAM). Finite element algorithms are constructed for solving the one-dimensional visual reconstruction problem with the input data consisting of a symmetrical top hat loading for the modeling of interacting step discontinuities. The advantage of the V-RAM implementation is the general code applicability to a variety of architectures. A specific implementation is performed on a distributed Array Processor (DAP) simulator on the VAX 6000–420. Execution times on the DAP simulator are obtained and are found to be in agreement with the algorithmic complexities of the V-RAM code.

关键词： Data parallel algorithms visual reconstruction and partitioning algorithms finite element methods image processing numerical methods

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