The worldwide use of power system stabilizers (PSS) for an improved damping of power oscillations has stimulated the development of various concepts concerning transfer function and input signal of PSS. Till now howev...
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The worldwide use of power system stabilizers (PSS) for an improved damping of power oscillations has stimulated the development of various concepts concerning transfer function and input signal of PSS. Till now however there does not exist an overview over all practically used PSS systems taking the large bandwidth of network operating conditions into account. In a comparable study the paper highlights the different PSS-based interactions of generator, network, voltage- and turbine control under the aspects of light and heavy disturbances e.g. switching operation and three phase faults influence of network topology interconnected power system islanded power system. The combined investigation of short- and mid-term dynamics shows disadvantages of PSS properties with increasing degree of network disturbances. The results of non-linear time domain simulations show e.g. a sometimes detrimental effect of PSS to house load supply of the affected power plants. Considering frequency actuated load shedding concepts and the voltage dependence of loads, special PSS-types may produce long lasting power oscillations in multimachine powersystems. The comparison of PSS finally yields a recommendation for the adequate choice of PSS under the mentioned aspects.
This survey gives a short introduction to the present day robot structure and problems of motion control and some remarks for future aspects of lightweight, high performance robots, that will include parts with non ne...
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This survey gives a short introduction to the present day robot structure and problems of motion control and some remarks for future aspects of lightweight, high performance robots, that will include parts with non negligible flexibilities. How the modelling of this time variant elastic deformations, a substantial part of any control strategy, can principally be done is shown based on the recent literature.
In this paper, a new hierarchical static state estimation method for large-scale power system is introduced. For each subsystem and its tie-lines a robust local bad-data precleaning (BDPC) (detection, identification a...
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In this paper, a new hierarchical static state estimation method for large-scale power system is introduced. For each subsystem and its tie-lines a robust local bad-data precleaning (BDPC) (detection, identification and correction) is achieved before applying a new fast recursive state estimator (RSSE). The BDPC technique is based on non-linear transformation by which four bad data indicators (RV. RΘ′, RQ, RQI) are defined and used for precleaning bad data in all available types of measurements. The fast RSSE is based on the direct use of the measurement redundancy together with the network flow equations to achieve a recursive estimate that verifies the network conditions at stationary operation. A reasonable data exchange between the interconnected subsystems is exploited to handle tie-lines bad-data at the subsystem level. A comparison with a well known algorithm (Kurzyn, 1983, 1987) is given as well. The proposed algorithm has been applied on the AEP 30-bus test system. The results gained on this network demonstrate that the presented technique is a powerful tool for on-line monitoring and control in large-scale powersystems.
A new technique for economic dispatch based on the principle of dynamic programming and including both transmission limits and loss representation is presented. Despite the general view that DP is inherently time cons...
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A new technique for economic dispatch based on the principle of dynamic programming and including both transmission limits and loss representation is presented. Despite the general view that DP is inherently time consuming and requires enormous computer memory, the method described here has neither of these disadvantages. It has many desirable characteristics including numerical stability, high speed, high accuracy and superior capability in handling non-linear, non-convex generation costs. Individual line flow constraints are considered and the costs of transmission losses are included within the overall minimization stategy. Generating units in a station connected to the same busbar need not necessarily be lumped into a single entity but can be modelled separately. Because of its speed, the approach is potentially suitable for on-line application even for a very large system. The theoretical derivation of the method is presented and numerical results on applications to various networks including a data set from GEGB are reported.
A complex space phasor is continuously formed by any three given time-dependent real quantities, whose sum at any point in time is zero. Therefore, a space phasor represents unambiguously the heteropolar dynamic state...
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A complex space phasor is continuously formed by any three given time-dependent real quantities, whose sum at any point in time is zero. Therefore, a space phasor represents unambiguously the heteropolar dynamic state of a three-phase quantity, e.g. for powersystems monitoring and control. After an introduction, various measuring devices utilizing space phasors are described. In monitoring the three-phase voltage state in a network node or amperage state in a network branch, the undesired asymmetries and harmonics may be suppressed by special modal algorithms. Their fast versions of direct type need not more than 4 samples within 8 milliseconds, their more precise versions of Fourier- or Kalman-type require at least one period of 50 or 60 Hz. In a similar way the instantaneous heteropolar active and reactive power in a branch can be determined. In case of jeopardized stability the three-phase instantaneous frequency of a power system is of interest, whereby electromagnetic disturbances must be eliminated. For this purpose a three-phase dynamic frequency-meter has been developed, including an observer based filter for the separation of the slow aperiodic frequency components from the faster swinging components. The direction of harmonic currents caused by power converters or other harmonic generators can be best detected by filtering the space phasor. An elastic firing control of power converters based on measured space phasor voltages is proposed for improving the stability of three-phase powersystems energized by high voltage direct current transmission.
TDP-SELF, a computer program that facilitates the simulation of multivariable self-tuning controllers with distributed parameter process models, has been described. As such TDP-SELF is an interesting tool for research...
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TDP-SELF, a computer program that facilitates the simulation of multivariable self-tuning controllers with distributed parameter process models, has been described. As such TDP-SELF is an interesting tool for research, which was the basic motivation to write the program. However, the author feels that sooner or later also distributed parameter modelling will be included into the commercially available packages like SIMMON or PC-MATLAB. The good solution for distributed parameter system simulation would indeed be a very high level language like a superset of SIMNON. When that type of simulation languages emerge TDP-SELF will become obsolate but as far as the author knows such languages are not yet commercially available.
This paper deals with the formulation and its computational algorithm for overload release operation by generation rescheduling, line switching and also load shedding. The power dispatch problem is formulated as a mul...
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This paper deals with the formulation and its computational algorithm for overload release operation by generation rescheduling, line switching and also load shedding. The power dispatch problem is formulated as a multi-stage decision process with multi-criteria. First, performance index is set to minimize the maximum line overload to be relieved immediately after the overload occurrence. Next, after the initial optimization completed, operations are taken to suppress multiple overloads within a given upper bound. Subsequent operations are taken in the quickest way to restore shedded load. A multi-stage formulation has such an advantage that a dynamic generation scheduling problem which is cast into a linear programming framework to take advantage of sparse linear programming techniques. The advantages of an LP approach are complete computational reliability and very high speed, making it suitable for practical operation and also study-mode purpose. Numerical example in a test system are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach which are shown to have reliability for power system operation.
In order to prevent human error, the importance of training and improving the skills of personnel involved in operations and maintenance can never be overly emphasized. First, this paper gives a brief overview of Toho...
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In order to prevent human error, the importance of training and improving the skills of personnel involved in operations and maintenance can never be overly emphasized. First, this paper gives a brief overview of Tohoku Electric power Company's new Training Center Scheme for 21st Century education strategies. Second, it explains the design concepts of an advanced training simulator for power system operators, which will be installed in the Center in 1990. Conventional simulators used at other electric utilities are capable of training personnel in frequency, load flow and voltage control. However, the most critical operations during periods of emergency and restoration of power supply are switchgear operations in which procedure operators must infer from protective relay information where the disturbance has occurred and how to restore tripped-out transmission lines by separating disturbed lines or busbars. For this purpose, it is essential to have functions simulating the repercussions of fault phenomena activated by protective relays or breaker operations. This paper describes the most advanced technologies and innovations applied to the design of an epochal training simulator for power system operations.
A 500 MW unit superheater temperature control loop structure and parameter design using a state-space based CADCS package STAFCON is described. Special control loop structure with disturbance generator model is develo...
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A 500 MW unit superheater temperature control loop structure and parameter design using a state-space based CADCS package STAFCON is described. Special control loop structure with disturbance generator model is developed to increase disturbance compensation capabilities. Simulation results and brief STAFCON system description are also given.
The field of graphical environments for the computer-aided design of controlsystems is surveyed in this paper. It is shown that the principal developments have occurred in the past decade, during which the computing ...
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The field of graphical environments for the computer-aided design of controlsystems is surveyed in this paper. It is shown that the principal developments have occurred in the past decade, during which the computing power available, in terms of both hardware and software, has increased rapidly. The salient features of the work of major contributors to the field are described and discussed. Characteristics of a modern graphical environment are identified, and their influence on the design process for controlsystems is considered. Possible future developments are outlined, and it is concluded that graphical environments will have profound effects on the design, simulation and implementation of controlsystems, and on the philosophical basis of the whole of control engineering.
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