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Realization of virtual networks in the DECOS integrated architecture 06

Realization of virtual networks in the DECOS integrated arch...

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International symposium on Parallel and distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： R. Obermaisser P. Peti University of Technology Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781424400546

Due to the better utilization of computational and communication resources and the improved coordination of application subsystems. designers of large distributed embedded systems.(e.g., in the automotive domain) are eager to replace existing federated architectures with integrated ones. This paper focuses on the communication infrastructure of the DECOS integrated system architecture, which realizes for each application subsystem a so-called virtual network as an overlay network on top of a time-triggered communication protocol. Since all virtual networks share a single physical network, virtual networks promise massive cost savings through the reduction of physical networks and reliability improvements with respect to wiring and connectors. Furthermore, virtual networks support application subsystems.that range from ultra-dependable control applications (e.g., an X-by-wire system) to non safety-critical applications such as comfort systems. For this reason, two classes (event-triggered and time-triggered) of virtual networks are realized. Encapsulation mechanisms ensure that the temporal properties of each virtual network are known a priori and independent from the communication activities in other virtual networks. In order to ensure that the virtual network abstractions hold also in the case of software faults, each application subsystem possesses a dedicated virtual network with statically assigned resources at the underlying time-triggered communication service

关键词： Computer architecture distributed computing Embedded computing Embedded system Automotive engineering Protocols Costs Telecommunication network reliability Wiring Connectors

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Separating recovery strategies from application functionality: experiences with a framework approach

Separating recovery strategies from application functionalit...

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Annual symposium on reliability and Maintainability (RAMS)

作者： G. Deconinck V. De Florio O. Botti K. U. Leuven Division ACCA Leuven BELGIUM CESI S. p. A. Networks and Plants Automation Group Milano ITALY

ISBN: (纸本)0780366158

Industry-oriented fault tolerance solutions for embedded distributed systems.should be based on adaptable, reusable elements. software-implemented fault tolerance can provide such flexibility via the presented framework approach. It consists of (1) a library of fault tolerance functions, (2) a backbone coordinating these functions, and (3) a language expressing configuration and recovery. This language is a sort of ancillary application layer, separating recovery aspects from functional ones. Such a framework approach allows for a flexible combination of the available hardware redundancy with software-implemented fault tolerance. This increases the availability and reliability of the application at a justifiable cost thanks to the re-usability of the library elements in different targets systems. It also increases the maintainability due to the separation of the functional behavior from the recovery strategies that are executed when an error is detected as the modifications to functional and nonfunctional behavior are, to some extent, independent and hence less complex. Practical experience is reported from the integration of this framework approach in an automation system for electricity distribution. This case study illustrates the power of software-based fault tolerance solutions and of the configuration-and-recovery language ARIEL to allow flexibility and adaptability to changes in the environment.

关键词： Fault tolerance Application software software libraries Fault tolerant systems Spine Hardware Redundancy Availability Costs Maintenance

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Scheduling real time parallel structures on cluster computing with possible processor failures

Scheduling real time parallel structures on cluster computin...

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IEEE symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)

作者： A. Amin R. Ammar A. El Dessouly Computer Science and Engineering Department University of Connecticut USA Electronics Research Institute Giza Egypt

Efficient task scheduling is essential for achieving high performance computing applications for distributed systems. Most of existing real-time systems.consider schedulability as a main goal and ignores other effects such as machines failures. In This work we develop an algorithm to efficiently schedule parallel task graphs (fork-join structures). Our scheduling algorithm considers more than one factor at the same time. These factors are scheduability, reliability of the participating processors and achieved degree of parallelism. To achieve most of these goals, we composed an objective function that combines these different factors simultaneously. The proposed objective function is adjustable to provide the user with a way to prefer one factor to the others. The simulation results indicate that our algorithm produces schedules where the applications deadlines are met, reliability is maximized and the application parallelism is exploited.

关键词： Processor scheduling Concurrent computing Application software Real time systems Scheduling algorithm Parallel processing Telecommunication network reliability Computer science High performance computing Clustering algorithms

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A log(n) multi-mode locking protocol for distributed systems

A log(n) multi-mode locking protocol for distributed systems

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International symposium on Parallel and distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： N. Desai F. Mueller Computer Science North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA

Trends in high-end clusters are to deploy an ever larger number of processors to push the envelope on parallelizing scientific applications. A similar trend exists in server computing where more and more servers are composed into a farm. One of the main challenges in such environments is to achieve scalability of synchronization, specifically for locking. Our work focuses on scalable locking in distributed systems. At its essence is a peer-to-peer protocol for multi-mode hierarchical locking, which is applicable to transaction-style processing and distributed agreement. We demonstrate high scalability combined with low response times in high-performance cluster environments. Our experiments on an IBM SP show that the number of messages approaches an asymptote at 15 nodes, from which point on the message overhead is in the order of 3-9 messages per request, depending on system parameters. At the same time, response times increase linearly with a proportional increase in requests and, consequently, higher concurrency levels. We observed response times under 2 and 10 msec for up to 25 and 80 nodes for critical sections that are one 25th the size of non-critical code. Our approach benefits in large from high levels of concurrency upon resolving requests and dynamic path compression for request propagation. Besides its technical strengths, our approach is intriguing due to its simplicity and its wide applicability, ranging from large-scale clusters to server-style computing.

关键词： Peer to peer computing Delay Access protocols Scalability Concurrent computing database systems Broadcasting Computer science Application software Time factors

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Cassandra: a structured storage system on a P2P network 09

Cassandra: a structured storage system on a P2P network

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proceedings of the twenty-first annual symposium on Parallelism in algorithms and architectures

作者： Avinash Lakshman Prashant Malik Facebook Inc Palo Alto CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781605586069

Cassandra is a distributed storage system for managing structured data that is designed to scale to a very large size across many commodity servers, with no single point of failure. reliability at massive scale is a very big challenge. Outages in the service can have significant negative impact. Hence Cassandra aims to run on top of an infrastructure of hundreds of nodes (possibly spread across different datacenters). At this scale, small and large components fail continuously; the way Cassandra manages the persistent state in the face of these failures drives the reliability and scalability of the software systems.relying on this service. Cassandra has achieved several goals -- scalability, high performance, high availability and applicability. In many ways Cassandra resembles a database and shares many design and implementation strategies with databases. Cassandra does not support a full relational data model; instead, it provides clients with a simple data model that supports dynamic control over data layout and format.

关键词： distributed storage system eventual consistency distributed databases

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A lightweight software-based runtime temperature monitoring model for multiprocessor embedded systems 16

A lightweight software-based runtime temperature monitoring ...

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proceedings of the 29th symposium on Integrated Circuits and systems.Design: Chip on the Mountains

作者： Guilherme Castilhos Fernando Gehm Moraes Luciano Ost PUCRS University Porto Alegre Brazil University of Leicester Leicester UK

ISBN: (纸本)9781509027361

High-thermal variation and temperature operation can have a noteworthy impact on system performance, power consumption and reliability, which is a major and increasingly critical design metric in emerging multiprocessor embedded systems. Existing thermal management techniques rely on physical sensors to provide them with temperature figures to regulate the system's operating temperature and thermal variation at runtime. However, on-chip thermal sensors present limitations (e.g. extra power and area cost), which may restrict their use in large scale systems. In this regard, this paper proposes a lightweight software-based runtime temperature model, enabling to capture detailed temperature distribution information of multiprocessor systems.at a negligible overhead. To validate the proposal, the model is embedded in a distributed-memory MPSoC platform described in RTL. Further, results show that the average absolute error of the temperature estimation, compared to HotSpot is smaller than 4% in systems.with up to 36 processing elements.

关键词： NoC hostspot MPSoC monitoring temperature estimation

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A quality of service framework for dependability in large-scale distributed systems

A quality of service framework for dependability in large-sc...

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proceedings of 2011 IEEE 6th International symposium on Service Oriented System (SOSE)

作者： Peter Bull Lin Guan Iain Phill Alan Grigg Department of Computer Science Loughborough University Loughborough UK Loughborough University Loughborough Leicestershire GB Systems Engineering Innovative Centre BAE Systems Loughborough UK Systems Engineering Innovation Centre BAE Systems Loughborough UK

As recognition grows within industry for the advantages that can be gained through the exploitation of large-scale dynamic systems. a need emerges for dependable performance. Future systems.are being developed with a requirement to support mission critical and safety critical applications. These levels of criticality require predictable performance and as such have traditionally not been associated with adaptive systems. The software architecture proposed for such systems.takes its properties from the service-oriented computing paradigm and the communication model follows a publish/subscribe approach. While adaptive, such architectures do not, however, typically support real-time levels of performance. There is scope, however, for dependability within such architectures through the use of Quality of Service (QoS) methods. QoS is used in systems.where the distribution of resources cannot be decided at design time. In this paper a QoS based framework is proposed for providing adaptive and dependable behaviour for future large-scale dynamic systems.through the flexible allocation of resources. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the benefits of the QoS framework and the tradeoffs that occur between negotiation algorithms of varying complexities.

关键词： Quality of service reliability Adaptive systems Simulation Real time systems Computer architecture software architecture

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Fault-tolerance in a distributed management system: a case study

Fault-tolerance in a distributed management system: a case s...

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International Conference on software Engineering (ICSE)

作者： R. Smeikal K.M. Goeschka University of Technology Vienna Vienna Austria Frequentis Nachrichtentechnik GmbH Vienna Austria

Our case study provides the most important conceptual lessons learned from the implementation of a distributed Telecommunication Management System (DTMS), which controls a networked voice communication system. Major requirements for the DTMS are fault-tolerance against site or network failures, transactional safety, and reliable persistence. In order to provide distribution and persistence both transparently and fault-tolerant we introduce a two-layer architecture facilitating an asynchronous replication algorithm. Among the lessons learned are: component based software engineering poses a significant initial overhead but is worth it in the long term; a fault-tolerant naming service is a key requirement for fail-safe distribution; the reasonable granularity for persistence and concurrency control is one whole object; asynchronous replication on the database layer is superior to synchronous replication on the instance level in terms of robustness and consistency; semi-structured persistence with XML has drawbacks regarding consistency, performance and convenience; in contrast to an arbitrarily meshed object model, a accentuated hierarchical structure is more robust and feasible; a query engine has to provide a means for navigation through the object model; finally the propagation of deletion operation becomes more complex in an object-oriented model. By incorporating these lessons learned we are well underway to provide a highly available, distributed platform for persistent object systems.

关键词： Fault tolerant systems Fault tolerance Object oriented modeling Robust control Telecommunication network management Communication system control Control systems Telecommunication control Safety Telecommunication network reliability

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A scalable QoS routing architecture for real-time CSCW applications

A scalable QoS routing architecture for real-time CSCW appli...

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Real-Time Technology and Applications symposium

作者： I. Matta M. Eltoweissy College of Computer Science Northeastern University Boston MA USA Department of Computer Science Central Connecticut State University New Britain CT USA

Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) has the potential of providing the environment needed for groups of diverse users to cooperate in real-time to achieve their common goals. This potential has been under-utilized due to the lack of cooperation between CSCW systems.and the underlying network services to accommodate the dynamic behavior and varying quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of CSCW groups and the applications they use. To satisfy such requirements, QoS multicast routing should be employed. Unfortunately, current multicast services are inadequate for the traffic generated in CSCW environments. The authors present a CSCW-specific routing architecture that supports QoS requirements and is both scalable and robust. Scalability is needed to accommodate a large number of multicast groups and highly dynamic group membership and behavior, while robustness provides reliability and stable performance for each group during adaptation and in presence of the other existing groups. In the architecture, a router QoS manager, on behalf of a multicast routing manager, negotiates with host and CSCW-specific QoS managers for efficient resource utilization and guaranteed QoS delivery. The multicast routing manager switches between routing trees and algorithms as warranted by the changes in the characteristics and requirements of the CSCW systems.running at the hosts. They present a class-based and a partial view-based method to scalability. They also present a centralized and a distributed method to establishing a group's QoS multicast path while providing robustness.

关键词： Routing Resource management Robustness Scalability Computer architecture Application software Computer applications Collaborative work Quality of service Telecommunication traffic

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NASA Global Change Master Directory: an implementation of asynchronous management protocol in a heterogeneous distributed environment

NASA Global Change Master Directory: an implementation of as...

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International symposium on distributed Objects and Applications

作者： K.S. Nagendra O. Bukhres S. Sikkupparbathyam M. Areal Z.B. Miled L. Olsen C. Gokey D. Kendig T. Northcutt R. Kordova G. Major Indiana University Purdue University Computer Science Department Purdue University School of Science Indianapolis IN USA Engineering and Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Indiana University Purdue University Purdue University Indianapolis IN USA Goddard Space Flight Center Global Change Data Center NASA Greenbelt MD USA

The Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) is an earth science repository that specifically tracks research data on global climatic change. The GCMD is migrating from a centralized architecture to a globally distributed replicated heterogeneous federated system. One of the greatest challenges facing database research is the integration of heterogeneous systems.without compromising the local autonomy, reliability and transparency of the various databases that are participating in the integration. This paper discusses these challenges in the context of the design and implementation of the next version of the GCMD software (Version 8.0). The proposed system has been designed and developed using an object-oriented system architecture based on Java, RMI (Remote Method Invocation) and JDBC. This system enables other sources to be integrated into the GCMD system, with limited changes to the local system itself. This paper describes the components of the GCMD system and addresses the issues of heterogeneity, distribution and autonomy.

关键词： NASA Protocols Java databases Space technology Computer architecture Environmental management Computer science Aerospace engineering Geoscience

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