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International symposium on Parallel and distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： R. Bellofatto P.G. Crumley D. Darrington B. Knudson M. Megerian J.E. Moreira A.S. Ohmacht J. Orbeck D. Reed G. Stewart IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights NY USA IBM Systems and Technology Group Rochester MN USA IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights NY

In designing the management system for Blue Gene/L, we adopted a database-centric approach. All configuration and operational data for a particular Blue Gene/L system are stored in a relational database that is kept in the system's service node. The database also serves as the communication bus for the various processes implementing the management system. This design offers many advantages, including the ability to use SQL commands to retrieve reliability, availability, and serviceability (RAS) information about the system. Information about machine partitioning and user jobs can be obtained the same way. Leveraging the database, we have developed a Web interface for system management. This management system has been successfully implemented and deployed in all 19 Blue Gene/L installations at the time of this writing

关键词： Supercomputers Relational databases Computer networks High performance computing File servers Application software Control systems Ethernet networks Technology management Hardware

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Safety evaluation using behavioral simulation models

Safety evaluation using behavioral simulation models

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Annual symposium on reliability and Maintainability (RAMS)

作者： A.K. Ghosh B.W. Johnson J.A. Profeta University of Virginia Charlottesville USA Union Switch and Signal Company Pittsburgh USA

This paper describes a design environment called ADEPT (advanced design environment prototype tool) which enables designers to assess the dependability of systems.early in the design process using behavioral simulation models. ADEPT is an interactive graphical design environment which allows design and analysis of systems.throughout the entire design cycle. ADEPT supports functional verification, performance evaluation, and dependability analysis early in the design cycle from a single model in order to dramatically reduce design cycles and deliver products on schedule. In this paper, ADEPT is applied to the design of a distributed computer system used to control trains. Two distinct experiments were run to illustrate dependability evaluation using behavioral simulation models. The first experiment evaluates the effectiveness of using a simple (7,4) Hamming code for protecting information in a distributed system. The second experiment evaluates the effectiveness of a watchdog monitor whose role is to detect hardware and software errors in the distributed system. The experiments illustrate dependability analysis using behavioral simulation models. The first simulation demonstrates estimation of the error coverage of the (7,4) code and the mean time to hazardous event (MTTHE). The second experiment demonstrates functional verification and controllability of behavioral simulation experiments by testing the response of a watchdog monitor design to rare malicious events.

关键词： Safety Computer errors Discrete event simulation Virtual prototyping Process design Performance analysis Processor scheduling distributed computing Control systems Computational modeling

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software development on the DIII-D control and data acquisition computers

Software development on the DIII-D control and data acquisit...

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IEEE/NPSS symposium on Fusion Engineering

作者： B.G. Penaflor B.B. McHarg D. Piglowski General Atomics San Diego CA USA

The various software systems.developed for the DIII-D tokamak have played a highly visible and important role in tokamak operations and fusion research. Because of the heavy reliance on in-house developed software encompassing all aspects of operating the tokamak, much attention has been given to the careful design, development and maintenance of these software systems. software systems.responsible for tokamak control and monitoring, neutral beam injection, and data acquisition demand the highest level of reliability during plasma operations. These systems.made up of hundreds of programs totaling thousands of lines of code have presented a wide variety of software design and development issues ranging from low level hardware communications, database management, and distributed process control, to man machine interfaces. The focus of this paper will be to describe how software is developed and managed for the DIII-D control and data acquisition computers. It will include an overview and status of software systems.implemented for tokamak control, neutral beam control, and data acquisition. The issues and challenges faced developing and managing the large amounts of software in support of the dynamic and everchanging needs of the DIII-D experimental program will be addressed.

关键词： Programming Data acquisition Tokamaks software systems Communication system control Control systems software development management software maintenance Monitoring Particle beams

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Processor-embedded distributed MEMS-based storage systems.for high-performance I/O

Processor-embedded distributed MEMS-based storage systems fo...

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International symposium on Parallel and distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： S.C. Chiu Wei-keng Liao A.N. Choudhary Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL USA

Summary form only given. Built upon new data organization and access characteristics, MEMS-based storage devices have come under consideration as an alternative to disks for large data-intensive applications. While not already in commercial production, MEMS-based storage devices have outperformed disks in device-level simulations. Processor-embedded distributed disks improved performance of workloads by offloading application-level processing to the storage. To exploit the potential benefits offered by these emerging storage technologies and offloading models, we propose a processor-embedded distributed MEMS-based storage architecture, and evaluate the proposed architecture with representative database and data mining workloads. Our results show that MEMS-based storage improved the overall performance of these workloads over disk-based systems. and transformed the characteristics of several workloads, impacting the design points for future storage architectures.

关键词： Power system interconnection Power system reliability Delay Application software Production Microelectromechanical devices databases Data mining Bandwidth Parallel processing

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Multiple concurrency control policies in an object-oriented programming system

Multiple concurrency control policies in an object-oriented ...

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International symposium on Parallel and distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： G.E. Kaiser W. Hseush S.S. Popovich S.F. Wu Department of Computer Sciences Columbia University New York NY USA

The transaction model provides a good solution to many programming problems, but has been recognized as too strict for many applications. Different parallel and distributed applications have different consistency requirements, so multiple concurrency control policies are needed. When data is shared among applications with different policies, then the policies must operate simultaneously and compatibly. The authors investigate the interoperability of transactions and another consistency model, atomic blocks, which provide exclusive access to an individual object. They explore the implications of 'uncontrolled' concurrency within the same COOPS. The work has been in the context of the MELD object-oriented programming language.< >

关键词： Concurrency control Object oriented programming Object oriented modeling Application software Printers Computer science database systems Computational modeling Concurrent computing Yarn

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Cassandra: a structured storage system on a P2P network 09

Cassandra: a structured storage system on a P2P network

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proceedings of the twenty-first annual symposium on Parallelism in algorithms and architectures

作者： Avinash Lakshman Prashant Malik Facebook Inc Palo Alto CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781605586069

Cassandra is a distributed storage system for managing structured data that is designed to scale to a very large size across many commodity servers, with no single point of failure. reliability at massive scale is a very big challenge. Outages in the service can have significant negative impact. Hence Cassandra aims to run on top of an infrastructure of hundreds of nodes (possibly spread across different datacenters). At this scale, small and large components fail continuously; the way Cassandra manages the persistent state in the face of these failures drives the reliability and scalability of the software systems.relying on this service. Cassandra has achieved several goals -- scalability, high performance, high availability and applicability. In many ways Cassandra resembles a database and shares many design and implementation strategies with databases. Cassandra does not support a full relational data model; instead, it provides clients with a simple data model that supports dynamic control over data layout and format.

关键词： distributed storage system eventual consistency distributed databases

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View divergence control of replicated data using update delay estimation

View divergence control of replicated data using update dela...

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Reliable distributed systems

作者： T. Yamashita S. Ono Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation Musashino Tokyo Japan

We propose a method to control the view divergence of replicated data when copies of sites in a replicated database are asynchronously updated. The view divergence of the replicated data is the difference in the lateness of the updates reflected in the data acquired by clients. Our method accesses multiple sites and provides a client with data that reflects all the updates received by the sites. We first define the probabilistic lateness of updates reflected in acquired data as read data freshness (RDF). The degrees of RDF of data acquired by clients is the range of the view divergence. second, we propose a way to select sites in a replicated database by using the probability distribution of the update delays so that the data acquired by a client satisfies its required RDF. This way calculates the minimum number of sites in order to reduce the overhead of read transactions. Our method continues to adaptively and reliably provide data that meet the client's requirements in an environment where the delay of update propagation varies and applications' requirements change depending on situations. Finally, we evaluated the view divergence we can feasibly control using our method. The evaluation is done by means of simulations. The evaluation shows that our method can feasibly control the view divergence to about 1/4 that of a normal read transaction.

关键词： Delay estimation Resource description framework Telegraphy Telephony Computer networks Application software Electrical capacitance tomography Propagation delay Cost accounting distributed computing

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Simulation of object-oriented distributed systems.via compilation to concurrent process level

Simulation of object-oriented distributed systems via compil...

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Annual symposium on Simulation

作者： R. Manione A. Lagna Centro Studi E Laboratori CSELT Torino Italy

Object oriented simulation is becoming more and more important, as object based software architectures and platforms are gaining popularity. A prototype CASE environment is under development at CSELT which allows users to specify applications according to the ACE computational model, an object oriented based on the concept of Building Block, in turn derived by the TINA-C architecture. One of the features provided by ACE environment is the simulation of the specifications. The proposed approach to simulation is to first translate the object oriented specification to the process level, to use an already available simulation engine with a good efficiency and reliability and then bring the simulation results back to the object level. The semantics of the ACE language, which includes sophisticated primitives, like asynchronous method invocation, concurrent objects and method guards has been mapped at the process level using appropriate templates. The results show that a good efficiency has been obtained: around one hundred object level events per second are simulated on a state of the art workstation.< >

关键词： Object oriented modeling Computational modeling software architecture software prototyping Prototypes Computer aided software engineering Application software Computer architecture Engines Discrete event simulation

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Fault tolerance protocols for parallel programs based on tasks replication

Fault tolerance protocols for parallel programs based on tas...

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International symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication systems.(MASCOTS)

作者： J. Aguilar M. Hernandez CEMISID. Dpto. de Computación. University de Los Andes Merida Venezuela PRISM. University de Versailles Versailles France

In this paper we propose a fault-tolerant mechanism for parallel programs based on task replication. We use a sequential discrete-event simulator of a distributed system subject to failures to compare a semi-active approach and a passive approach of the protocol. In our model, each time a task of a given parallel program is allocated, a copy of it is stored in a second processor, called the buddy processor. If the original processor fails, the copies of the tasks at the buddy processor will be processed, providing fault tolerance. Some performance measures, such as program execution times and processor utilization factors, are given for the different versions of the mechanism. The performance has been studied as a function of processor degradation, and program and system sizes.

关键词： Fault tolerance Protocols Hardware Computer network reliability Computer networks Costs software performance Redundancy Application software Computational modeling

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Strategic and operational characteristics of a distributed phased archive for a multivendor incremental implementation of picture archiving and communications systems

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Journal of Digital Imaging 1999年第2 SUPPL. 1期12卷 71-74页

作者： Smith, Edward M. Wandtke, John Robinson, Arvin Department of Radiology Univ. of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY United States Department of Radiology Univ. of Rochester Medical Center Box 620 601 Elmwood Ave Rochester NY 14642-8648 United States

The long-term (10 years) multimodality distributed phased archive for the Medical Information, Communication and Archive System (MICAS) is being implemented in three phases. The selection process took approximately 10 months. Based on the mandatory archive attributes and desirable features, Cemax-Icon (Fremont, CA) was selected as the vendor. The archive provides for an open-solution allowing incorporation of leading edge, `best of breed' hardware and software and provides maximum flexibility and automation of workflow both within and outside of radiology. The solution selected is media-independent, provides expandable storage capacity, and will provide redundancy and fault tolerance in phase II at minimum cost. Other attributes of the archive include scalable archive strategy, virtual image database with global query, and an object-oriented database. The archive is seamlessly integrated with the radiology information system (RIS) and provides automated fetching and routing, automated study reconciliation using modality worklist manager, clinical reports available at any Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) workstation, and studies available for interpretation whether validated or not. Within 24 hours after a new study is acquired, four copies will reside within different components of the archive including a copy that can be stored off-site. Phase II of the archive will be installed during 1999 and will include a second Cemax-Icon archive and database using archive manager (AM) Version 4.0 in a second computer room.

关键词： Image communication systems

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