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IEEE/ACM International symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGRID)

作者： O. Aumage R. Hofman H. Bal Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9780780390744

Grids are more heterogeneous and dynamic than traditional parallel or distributed systems. both in terms of processors and of interconnects. A grid communication system must handle many issues: first, it must run on networks that are not yet determined when the application is launched, including user-space interconnects; second, it must transparently run on different networks at the same time; third, it should yield performance close to that of specialized communication systems. In this paper, we present NETIBIS, a new Java communication system that provides a uniform interface for any underlying inter-cluster or intracluster network. NETIBIS solves the heterogeneity issues posed by grid computing by dynamically constructing network protocol stacks out of drivers, self-contained building blocks for flexible configuration, with limited functionality per driver. We describe the design and implementation of the major NETIBIS drivers for serialization, multicast, reliability, and various underlying networks. We also describe various optimizations for performance, like layer collapsing for the GMdriver. We evaluate the performance of NETIBIS on several platforms, including a European grid.

关键词： Java Grid computing Protocols Runtime Supercomputers Programming environments System software Application software Communication system software software systems

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Communication in Low-Cost CIM systems.A New Approach

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IFAC proceedings Volumes 1992年第23期25卷 89-94页

作者： N. Girsule R. Probst Institute of Handling Devices and Robotics University of Technology Vienna Austria

Computer Integrated Manufacturing is based on computer communication. Data exchange is done by connecting workstations, manufacturing cells, machine tools, robots, etc. by networks. Many protocols and standards are defined to ensure safety and reliability of communication. Usually one problem arises in CIM: software costs explode, because CIM solutions almost are specialised programs for one distinct environment. A second problem in automation are the hardware requirements for CIM-software. software developers assume, that appropriate hardware is present. Many software packages are available only for workstations and mainframes, which are much more expensive than simple PCs. In most cases small or medium sized enterprises do not have the financial power to buy- large computers and sophisticated software packages. They do not really need all the options and processing speed of these solutions. What they need are flexible, small programs, which can be adapted and supplemented easily and fast without external help. This paper presents an unusual approach to organise communication in small CIM systems. Microsoft Windows 3x Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) combined with NetBIOS handle all data exchange and sessions. Both systems.use the client/server architecture and work together properly. MS-Windows is in use world-wide. NetBIOS is available for most of the common networks today. Using a small MS-Windows application for DDE-routing full DDE-communication is possible. For external databases or external LANs with different protocols some gateway applications can be designed, which are used as database or communication servers. Users can easily program new applications by hand of the various, really simple programming tools for MS-Windows.

关键词： CIM Computer communication distributed databases Networks

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DOORS: towards high-performance fault tolerant CORBA

DOORS: towards high-performance fault tolerant CORBA

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International symposium on distributed Objects and Applications

作者： B. Natarajan A. Gokhale S. Yajnik D.C. Schmidt Department of Computer Science Washington University Saint Louis MO USA Bell Laboratories Lucent Technologies Inc. Murray Hill NJ USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Irvine CA USA

An increasing number of applications are being developed using distributed object computing middleware, such as CORBA. Many of these applications require the underlying middleware, operating systems. and networks to provide end-to-end quality of service (QoS) support to enhance their efficiency, predictability, scalability, and fault tolerance. The Object Management Group (OMG), which standardizes CORBA, has addressed many of these application requirements in the Real-time CORBA and Fault-Tolerant CORBA specifications. We provide four contributions to the study of fault-tolerant CORBA middleware for performance-sensitive applications. First, we provide an overview of the Fault Tolerant CORBA specification. second, we describe a framework called DOORS, which is implemented as a CORBA service to provide end-to-end application-level fault tolerance. Third, we outline how the DOORS' reliability and fault-tolerance model has been incorporated into the standard OMG Fault-tolerant CORBA specification. Finally, we outline the requirements for CORBA ORB core and higher-level services to support the Fault Tolerant CORBA specification efficiently.

关键词： Fault tolerance Middleware distributed computing Scalability Protocols Quality of service Application software Operating systems Fault diagnosis Yarn

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Making a case for a Green500 list 06

Making a case for a Green500 list

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International symposium on Parallel and distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： S. Sharma Chung-Hsing Hsu Wu-chun Feng Advanced Computing Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM USA Department of Computer Science Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424400546

For decades now, the notion of "performance" has been synonymous with "speed" (as measured in FLOPS, short for floating-point operations per second). Unfortunately, this particular focus has led to the emergence of supercomputers that consume egregious amounts of electrical power and produce so much heat that extravagant cooling facilities must be constructed to ensure proper operation. In addition, the emphasis on speed as the performance metric has caused other performance metrics to be largely ignored, e.g., reliability, availability, and usability. As a consequence, all of the above has led to an extraordinary increase in the total cost of ownership (TCO) of a supercomputer. Despite the importance of the TOP500 List, we argue that the list makes it much more difficult for the high-performance computing (UPC) community to focus on performance metrics other than speed. Therefore, to raise awareness to other performance metrics of interest, e.g., energy efficiency for improved reliability, we propose a Green500 List and discuss the potential metrics that would be used to rank supercomputing systems.on such a list

关键词： Computer aided software engineering Supercomputers Measurement Availability Laboratories Costs Power system reliability Energy efficiency Cooling High performance computing

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Leveraging run time knowledge about event rates to improve memory utilization in wide area data stream filtering

Leveraging run time knowledge about event rates to improve m...

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International symposium on High Performance distributed Computing

作者： B. Plale Computer Science Department Indiana University Bloomington IN USA

The dQUOB system conceptualization of data streams as database and its SQL interface to data streams is an intuitive way for users to think about their data needs in a large scale application containing hundreds if not thousands of data streams. Experience with dQUOB has shown the need for more aggressive memory management to achieve the scalability we desire. This paper addresses the problem with a two-fold solution. The first one is replacement of the existing first-come first-served scheduling algorithm with an earliest job first algorithm which we demonstrate to yield better average service time. The second one is an introspection algorithm that sets and adapts the sizes of join windows in response to the knowledge acquired at runtime about event rates. In addition to the potential for significant improvements in memory utilization, the algorithm presented here also provides a means by which the user can reason about join window sizes. Wide area measurements demonstrate the adaptive capability required by the introspection technique.

关键词： Scalability Scheduling algorithm Relational databases Filtering Computer science Large-scale systems Application software Memory management Runtime Wide area measurements

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An Incremental File System Consistency Checker for Block-Level CDP systems

An Incremental File System Consistency Checker for Block-Lev...

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Reliable distributed systems

作者： Maohua Lu Tzi-cker Chiueh Shibiao Lin Department of Computer Science Stony Brook University USA Google Inc.

A block-level continuous data protection (CDP) system logs every disk block update from an application server (e.g., a file or DBMS server) to a storage system so that any disk updates within a time window are undoable, and thus is able to provide a more flexible and efficient data protection service than conventional periodic data backup systems. Unfortunately, no existing block-level CDP systems.can support arbitrary point-in-time snapshots that are guaranteed to be consistent with respect to the metadata of the application server. This deficiency seriously limits the flexibility in recovery point objective (RTO) of block-level CDP systems.from the standpoint of the application servers whose data they protect. This paper describes an incremental file system check mechanism (iFSCK) that is designed to address this deficiency for file servers, and exploits file system-specific knowledge to quickly fix an arbitrary point-in-time block-level snapshot so that it is consistent with respect to file system metadata. Performance measurements taken from a fully operational iFSCK prototype show that iFSCK can turn a 10 GB point-in-time block-level snapshot to be file-system consistent in less than 1 second, and takes less than 25% of the time required by the Fsck utility for vanilla ext3 under relaxed metadata consistency requirements.

关键词： File systems File servers Protection Network servers Image storage Access protocols Computer network reliability Computer science Application software Measurement

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Collaborative and interactive room design on the web

Collaborative and interactive room design on the web

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International symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms and Networks (ISPAN)

作者： Hao Wang Xiaoyan Xie Zhiyong Huang School of Computing National University of Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)0769509363

Design on the Web raises challenging questions concerning how users interact with objects, applications, and other users. In this work, we propose a collaborative and interactive client-server design framework and implement a room design system for our study. We have integrated technologies used in distributed computation (Java and CORBA) and computer graphics (VRML). It divides the design process into three tiers. First, collaborative and interactive design, viewing, and publishing. second, scene generation. Third, scene database management. Our system can be applied in Electronic Commerce to improve the existing systems.by allowing customers to select furniture and to visualize the whole furnished room in 3D.

关键词： Collaboration Collaborative work Layout Application software distributed computing Java Computer graphics Process design Publishing Visual databases

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A Recovery Protocol for Middleware Replicated databases Providing GSI

A Recovery Protocol for Middleware Replicated Databases Prov...

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International Conference on Availability, reliability and Security, ARES

作者： J.E. Armendariz F.D. Munoz-Esco J.R. Juarez J.R.G. de Mendivil B. Kemme Instituto Tecnológico de Informática Valencia Spain Instituto Tecnologico de Informatica Valencia Spain Universidad Pública de Navarra Pamplona Spain McGill University Montreal Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9780769527758;0769527752

Middleware database replication is a way to increase availability and afford site failures for dynamic content Websites. There are several replication protocols that ensure data consistency for these systems. The most attractive ones are those providing generalized snapshot isolation (GSI), as read operations never block. These replication protocols are based on the certification process, however, up to our knowledge, they do not cope with the recovery of a replica. In this paper we propose a recovery protocol that ensures GSI (we provide an outline of its correctness) that does not interfere with user transactions and permits the execution of transactions in the recovering node, even though the recovery process has not finished

关键词： Protocols Middleware Certification Web server distributed databases Availability Web pages Business Open source software Transaction databases

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NASA Global Change Master Directory: an implementation of asynchronous management protocol in a heterogeneous distributed environment

NASA Global Change Master Directory: an implementation of as...

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International symposium on distributed Objects and Applications

作者： K.S. Nagendra O. Bukhres S. Sikkupparbathyam M. Areal Z.B. Miled L. Olsen C. Gokey D. Kendig T. Northcutt R. Kordova G. Major Indiana University Purdue University Computer Science Department Purdue University School of Science Indianapolis IN USA Engineering and Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Indiana University Purdue University Purdue University Indianapolis IN USA Goddard Space Flight Center Global Change Data Center NASA Greenbelt MD USA

The Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) is an earth science repository that specifically tracks research data on global climatic change. The GCMD is migrating from a centralized architecture to a globally distributed replicated heterogeneous federated system. One of the greatest challenges facing database research is the integration of heterogeneous systems.without compromising the local autonomy, reliability and transparency of the various databases that are participating in the integration. This paper discusses these challenges in the context of the design and implementation of the next version of the GCMD software (Version 8.0). The proposed system has been designed and developed using an object-oriented system architecture based on Java, RMI (Remote Method Invocation) and JDBC. This system enables other sources to be integrated into the GCMD system, with limited changes to the local system itself. This paper describes the components of the GCMD system and addresses the issues of heterogeneity, distribution and autonomy.

关键词： NASA Protocols Java databases Space technology Computer architecture Environmental management Computer science Aerospace engineering Geoscience

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distributed MIMD multiprocessor system with MicroAda/SuperMicro(TM) for asynchronous concurrent Newton's algorithms 82

Distributed MIMD multiprocessor system with MicroAda/SuperMi...

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proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGSMALL symposium on Small systems

作者： Shohei Fujita

ISBN: (纸本)9780897910835

This paper presents a pragmatic example of how to use Ada tasks with Add machines such as SuperMicro(TM) for scientific computing. First, a class of asynchronous concurrent Newton's algorithms: Purely-Asynchronous (PAN), Asynchronous (AN), and Semi-Asynchronous (SAN) algorithms are introduced for distributed computing environment. A sufficient condition is shown to guarantee local convergence of these asynchronous algorithms. Moreover, it is proved that the PAN algorithm is linearly convergent, the AN algorithm is super-linearly convergent, and the SAN algorithm is quadratically convergent. The order of convergence depends on the degree of interaction among computing modules. second, a non-deterministic program for the asynchronous algorithm is provided by using Ada tasks. The asynchronous algorithm/program is superior to the synchronized counterpart with respect to computation speed and reliability. Lastly, this paper describes a way where the asynchronous algorithm/program can be realized as a hierarchic distributed system with Ada machines. A preliminary result is shown with MicroAda/SuperMicro(TM).

关键词： Non-deterministic algorithm/program Quadratic convergence Ada tasks Super-linear convergence Communication modules Data dependency Linear convergence Active data structure Asynchronous concurrent iteration Computing modules Portable numerical software Decentralized computation Real time applications

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