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The impact of hardware on database systems

引用

international symposium on Database systems of the 90s, 1990

作者： Selinger, Patricia G. IBM Almaden Research Center 650 Harry Road San JoseCA95120 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783540533979

Relational database management systems translate queries posed in a non-procedural language into an efficiently executable plan. The plan consists of primitive database operators that use underlying database management system facilities or exploit the capabilities of the underlying operating system and hardware platform. The high level of the user’s queries provides a substantial opportunity for hardware to increase the response time or throughput capacity of the DBMS. Such speedup can be derived from special devices for specific functions, such as sorting, or from entireiy new architectures that apply more MIPS to the same data, such as database machines. Besides these opportunities, relational databases can utilize hardware support in providing new capabilities for their end users. Examples include the use of fiber optics for fast communication in distributed database management, or vector processing facilities attached to general purpose processors for supporting additional datatypes and operations for engineering. There is another type of hardware impact on databases. This is the area of input/output (I/O), where specialized hardware provides either the source or target of the database data and operations. In this category are disk arrays, used for high bandwidth data storage and retrieval, or highly parallel data access. Less frequently mentioned are sensor-based input or realtime control output (e.g. robots). In this paper, we will discuss all three categories of hardware support: hardware that speeds up response time or throughput, hardware that enables the database to offer new functions efficiently, and I/O hardware that affects the kind of functions a database can offer. Throughout this discussion, we will restrict our focus to relational databases, but of course the discussion pertains to some areas of hierarchical, network, and object oriented databases as well. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1990.

关键词： Object-oriented databases

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Multi-version memory: software cache management for concurrent B-trees

Multi-version memory: software cache management for concurre...

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international symposium on parallel and distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： W.E. Weihl P. Wang MIT Laboratory for Computer Science Cambridge MA USA

The authors describe a new concurrent B-tree algorithm. The algorithm is designed to work well in large-scale parallel or distributed systems in which the number of processors sharing the tree is large or the communication delay between processors (or between processors and the global memory for a shared-memory system) is large relative to the speed of local computation. The basis of the algorithm is an abstraction that is similar to coherent shared memory, but provides a weaker semantics; this abstraction is called multiversion memory. Multi-version memory uses caches but weakens the semantics of ordinary shared memory by allowing process reading data to be given an old version of the data. This semantics is adequate for the non-leaf nodes in the B-tree algorithms presented.< >

关键词： Memory management Algorithm design and analysis Delay Read-write memory Analytical models Technology management Laboratories Computer science databases Contracts

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distributed optimistic concurrency control for high performance transaction processing

Distributed optimistic concurrency control for high performa...

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international Conference on databases, parallel Architectures and Their Applications

作者： E. Rahm A. Thomasian FB Informatik University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights NY USA

A novel optimistic concurrency control (OCC) protocol for distributed high-performance transaction systems is presented. Unlike other proposals for OCC in distributed systems, this scheme limits the number of restarts by acquiring locks to guarantee a failed transaction a successful second execution. Lock acquisition and validation are imbedded in the commit protocol in order to avoid any extra messages. Deadlocks are avoided by requesting all locks at once before performing validation. The protocol is fully distributed and employs parallel validation and lock acquisition. A main advantage compared with distributed locking schemes is that locks are held only during commit processing in general, thus considerably reducing the degree of lock contention. As first simulation results have confirmed, this is of particular benefit for high-performance transaction-processing complexes with fast processors.< >

关键词： Concurrency control System recovery Database systems distributed databases Hardware Throughput Optimization methods Proposals Access protocols Virtual prototyping

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Structured evaluation of database management systems

Structured evaluation of database management systems

引用

international Conference on databases, parallel Architectures and Their Applications

作者： G.L. Schaps N. Rishe Cordis Corporation Miami FL USA Florida International University Miami FL USA

An analytical framework for evaluating database management systems is presented. Four RDBMSs (relational database management systems) are chosen for design review: Sybase, Oracle, Ingres, and informix. Five categories of design characteristics are considered: (1) query processing, (2) query optimization, (3) distributed query, (4) concurrency control, and (5) crash recovery. On the basis of the material considered here, Sybase appears to have the best distributed architecture and the most advanced transaction control, integrity checks, and crash recovery features.< >

关键词： Database systems Query processing Benchmark testing Buildings Large-scale systems Performance evaluation Prototypes Relational databases Concurrent computing Control systems

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A transaction definition based on message passing

A transaction definition based on message passing

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international symposium on parallel and distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： F. Mariategui M.H. Eich Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern Methodist University Dallas TX USA

In object oriented databases (OODB) all interactions among objects are via messages. A message can be viewed as a command to activate a specific method within the object to which the message is sent. The paper motivates and proposes an OODB transaction definition based on message passing. It first describes several previous OODB transaction definitions and identifies requirements for a transaction definition based on message passing. Then it provides an introduction to transaction trees, a view of an OODB transaction. A more formal definition of a transaction tree is then given, followed by an indication of areas for future research.< >

关键词： Message passing Transaction databases Tree graphs Computer science Object oriented databases Object oriented modeling Concurrency control Materials science and technology

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A time-stamp based concurrency control mechanism for redundant computing systems

A time-stamp based concurrency control mechanism for redunda...

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international Conference on databases, parallel Architectures and Their Applications

作者： K. Saisho Y. Kambayashi Department of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan

The use of shuffled execution systems to construct redundant executing systems is considered. The following two problems connected with the implementation of this method are discussed: (1) how to combine normal operations and voting operations and how to return to the normal situation when voting operations fail; and (2) how to apply timestamp ordering techniques to the system model.< >

关键词： Concurrency control Voting Fault tolerant systems Database systems Computer science Redundancy Concurrent computing distributed databases Transaction databases

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parallel join algorithms for nested relations on shared-memory multiprocessors

Parallel join algorithms for nested relations on shared-memo...

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international symposium on parallel and distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： V. Deshpande P.-A. Larson T.P. Martin Department of Computer Sciences University of Waterloo Waterloo ONT Canada Department of Computing and Information Science Queen's University Kingston ONT Canada

The authors examine the problem of performing a join involving nested relations in a parallel shared-everything environment. They show the difference between joining flat relations and joining nested relations, and then develop hash-based parallel join algorithms. Both IO and CPU parallelism are addressed. Preliminary experimental results are presented.< >

关键词： Relational databases Algebra Query processing Computer science Information science parallel processing parallel architectures Prototypes Disk drives Concurrent computing

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distributed database architectures

Distributed database architectures

引用

international Conference on databases, parallel Architectures and Their Applications

作者： M.P. Papazoglou Department of Computer Science Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia

The characteristics of distributed database architectures are discussed. It is noted that the advent of powerful modeling facilities, such as object-oriented and knowledge-based data models, has paved the way for a complete reconsideration of several of the long standing assumptions and perspectives that are pervading the field of distributed database architectures. It is now possible to propose novel architectures based on high-level data modeling facilities. The advocated architecture is called the semidecentralized or clustered architecture and combines the positive aspects of both logically centralized and federated databases. This architecture substantiates the substrate which automatically classifies the activities that each preexisting data base management system may undertake and is in the position to describe the entire volume of information that can be supplied by each individual database system in the network.< >

关键词： distributed databases Database systems Data models Centralized control Object oriented databases Transaction databases Computer architecture Computer science Australia Production

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The Entity System: distribution and persistence

The Entity System: distribution and persistence

引用

international Conference on databases, parallel Architectures and Their Applications

作者： S.C. Crawley Computer Laboratory University of Cambridge UK

The Entity System, a model for large-scale storage and manipulation of data using object-based programming techniques, is described. The model uses persistence to store arbitrarily complex objects with minimal programming effort and supports smooth evolution of object types and representations. The design and implementation of a distributed Entity System that allows location-independent access to objects by client programs on a network are described. The architecture of the system is designed to scale to networks and object bases of global proportions.< >

关键词： Object oriented modeling Data structures distributed computing Safety Programming profession Laboratories Large-scale systems Computer architecture Software systems Programming environments

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A parallel free-text search system with indexing

A parallel free-text search system with indexing

引用

international Conference on databases, parallel Architectures and Their Applications

作者： N. Asokan S. Ranka O. Frieder School of Computer and Information Science Syracuse University USA

The present status of a parallel free-text search system on the Connection Machine that uses an indexing scheme is described. The system promises to be efficient when the database is a very large. The use of indexing resulted in the reduction of the search space, thereby making the performance of the system comparable to that of the fastest uniprocessor systems.< >

关键词： Indexing Computer architecture Natural languages parallel algorithms Information science Application software parallel machines distributed databases Performance analysis Algorithm design and analysis

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