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Tool support for coordination-based software evolution

Tool support for coordination-based software evolution

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technology of object-oriented languages and systems (tools)

作者： J. Gouveia G. Koutsoukos L. Andrade J.L. Fiadeiro Oblog Software SA Portugal Department of Informatics University of Lisbon Lisboa Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)0769510957

In today's global and highly competitive business environments, organisations are replying to the question of whether technology is forming business or vice versa by integrating their business and IT strategies, thus using technology to do business. As a consequence, there is an increasing pressure to build software systems that are able to cope with the new requirements imposed by both technological advances and different business rules. At the same time, it is now widely accepted that, although object-oriented techniques have provided useful tools for software construction, their support cannot be extended directly to evolution. Even worse, it is becoming evident that there is a lack of theoretical principles and accompanying practical tools that can effectively support software evolution. In this paper, we describe in detail a development tool that is based on sound mathematical principles and supports an architecture-based approach to evolution centred on the notion of a coordination contract - a modelling primitive that treats components as black boxes and is compositional with respect to change.

关键词： Software tools Costs Contracts object oriented modeling Organizational aspects Power system modeling Informatics Buildings Mathematical model Technological innovation

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Simple support for design by contract in C++

Simple support for design by contract in C++

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technology of object-oriented languages and systems (tools)

作者： P. Guerreiro Departamento de Informática Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade Nova de Lisboa Caparica Portugal

Design by contract can be seen as an advanced software engineering technique for building quality software in a professional environment or as a fundamental programming concept, useful even for elementary programming. If design by contract is an afterthought, sophisticated tool support, with macros, preprocessors or patterns is acceptable. If it is to be used from the very first programs, it must not be yet another difficult obstacle to the novice programmer. This point of view seems to recommend Eiffel as the sole vehicle for the early introduction of design by contract. However, compromises are possible, if your organization mandates C++, for example. For design by contract in C++ we use a class template, Assertions , which is inherited by the classes we are specifying. This class handles preconditions, postconditions and class invariants, and supports the "old" notation. The assertions themselves are not difficult to implement but the "old" notation, which is necessary in order to compare the value of an attribute in a postcondition with its value at an earlier stage in the function, raises interesting issues. In most common situations, using the assertions is straightforward. There are, however, more rare cases involving inheritance and recursion that must be handled with a discipline.

关键词： Contracts Programming profession Java Libraries Design engineering Software quality Vehicles Computer languages Software tools Software design

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A metric framework for object-oriented development

A metric framework for object-oriented development

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technology of object-oriented languages and systems (tools)

作者： T. Talbi B. Meyer E. Stapf Interactive Software Engineering Inc. Santa Barbara CA USA

Metrics (quantitative estimates of product and project properties) can, if defined from sound engineering principles, be a precious tool for both project management and software development. We have recently developed an extensive set of metrics facilities for the Eiffel/Studio development environment. We describe the principles on which it is the based, the facilities it provides and how to use them. The metrics workbench is closely integrated with the rest of the environment. Among other capabilities, it allows users to: apply pre-defined metrics to components of a system at various levels (feature, class, cluster or the entire system); define new metrics, through mathematical formulae or Boolean selection, and apply them to projects; store measurement results, as well as metric definitions, into an XML archive that can be stored locally or made available on the Web for future reference; and compare the measurements on a system to those on record locally or on a Web site. Interactive Software Engineering Inc. (ISE) has released, on its own Web site, an archive recording the metric properties of its basic libraries, which is available to any other project for comparison.

关键词： Software engineering Project management Software libraries Software metrics Software development management Software measurement Acoustical engineering XML Resists Technological innovation

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Using design patterns and constraints to automate the detection and correction of inter-class design defects

Using design patterns and constraints to automate the detect...

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technology of object-oriented languages and systems (tools)

作者： Y.-G. Gueheneuc H. Albin-Amiot École des Mines de Nantes Nantes France

Developing code free of defects is a major concern for the object oriented software community. The authors classify design defects as those within classes (intra-class), those among classes (inter-classes), and those of semantic nature (behavioral). Then, we introduce guidelines to automate the detection and correction of inter-class design defects. We assume that design patterns embody good architectural solutions and that a group of entities with organization similar, but not equal, to a design pattern represents an inter-class design defect. Thus, the transformation of such a group of entities, such that its organization complies exactly with a design pattern, corresponds to the correction of an inter-class design defect. We use a meta-model to describe design patterns and we exploit the descriptions to infer sets of detection and transformation rules. A constraint solver with explanations uses the descriptions and rules to recognize groups of entities with organizations similar to the described design patterns. A transformation engine modifies the source code to comply with the recognized distorted design patterns. We apply these guidelines on the Composite pattern using PTIDEJ, our prototype tool that integrates the complete guidelines.

关键词： Software maintenance Software quality Documentation Software prototyping Prototypes Software tools Application software Maintenance engineering Software design Visualization

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Natural-language processing support for developing policy-governed software systems

Natural-language processing support for developing policy-go...

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technology of object-oriented languages and systems (tools)

作者： J.B. Michael V.L. Ong N.C. Rowe Department of Computer Science Naval Postgraduate School Monterrey CA USA

Organizations are policy-driven entities. Policy bases can be very large and the relationships between policies can be complex. In addition, policy can change on a frequent basis. Checking for gaps in policy or analyzing the ramifications of changing policy is necessary to both identify and rectify gaps or unintended policy prior to the policy base being refined into requirements for a system. A policy workbench is an integrated set of computer based tools for developing, reasoning about, and maintaining policy. A workbench takes as input a computationally equivalent form of policy statements. We have developed a prototype of a tool that maps natural language policy statements to an equivalent computational form. The authors describe the architecture of a natural language input-processing tool (NLIPT). It has an extractor, which generates a meaning list representative of the natural language input; an index-term generator, which identifies the key terms used to index relevant policy schema in the policy base; a structural modeler, which structures a schema for input; and a logic modeler, which maps the schema to an equivalent logical form. We experimented with a prototype of the extractor which successfully parsed a sample of ninety-nine Naval Postgraduate School security policy statements with ninety-six percent accuracy.

关键词： Software systems Natural languages Prototypes Information security Computer science Marine vehicles Logic Java Virtual machining Information systems

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Core modelling concepts in object-oriented conceptual modelling

Core modelling concepts in object-oriented conceptual modell...

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technology of object-oriented languages and systems (tools)

作者： M. Sneeck G. Dedene Manage. Inst. Syst. Group. Katholieke Univ. Leuven Belgium K. U. Leuven - Management Information Systems Group Leuven Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)0769510957

Many concepts in object-oriented conceptual modelling have complex semantics that are unfortunately not precisely defined. This paper demonstrates that, with a few simple and formally defined concepts, one can define more complex concepts (such as, for example, aggregation) in a precise and formal way. The core concepts offer the possibility of layering modelling concepts: a particular pattern of simple lower-level concepts can be used to represent a single high-level concept. The advantage is that the high-level concept is defined in terms of the lower-level concepts. Because of their simplicity, the lower-level concepts are much easier to define formally. The high-level concept benefits from this formal definition: its own formal definition can be inferred from the formal definition of its constituent lower-level concepts. This layered approach can also be followed on a project-by-project basis by defining high-level concepts that are only applicable in the context of one particular project.

关键词： object oriented modeling Management information systems Software systems

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Conceptual modeling of complex systems using an RM-ODP based ontology

Conceptual modeling of complex systems using an RM-ODP based...

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International Conference on Enterprise Distributed object Computing (EDOC)

作者： A. Wegmann A. Naumenko Institute for computer Communications and ApplicationsSwiss Federal Institute of Technology-Lausanne EPFL-DSC-ICA Lausanne Switzerland

The development of business and information systems requires a significant amount of modeling. The current modeling languages and tools have difficulties supporting the modeling of systems spanning through multiple organizational levels. The use of inadequate modeling abstractions is one of the important causes for these difficulties. The paper proposes an ontology that defines the concepts needed for object-oriented modeling and gives a graphical example. The ontology is based on RM-ODP and relies on constructivism and system theory. The proposed ontology allows the definition of development methods, modeling languages and tools that are applicable to complex systems. This can lead to significant productivity improvements in the business and software development communities.

关键词： Ontologies object oriented modeling Application software Information systems Vocabulary ISO standards Computer applications Business communication Productivity Programming

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A three-view model for developing object-oriented frameworks

A three-view model for developing object-oriented frameworks

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technology of object-oriented languages and systems (tools)

作者： T. Hayase N. Ikeda K. Matsumoto Toshiba Corporation Japan

This paper describes a three-view model for developing object-oriented frameworks. We propose a new methodology based on this model, and demonstrate its effectiveness using an example of practical industrial applications. This model can lead software engineers to a framework that has high reliability, portability, and maintainability. These quality factors of applications are especially important in a domain that has repeatability and changeability of hardware and software environment. The three-view model consists of a domain analysis view, a layer view, and a mechanism view. The domain analysis view is used to clarify all information and domain knowledge by using a new concept that we call Domain Reference Models (DRM), which reference models for modeling domain-specific objects, so that a framework has high reusability. The layer view is used to divide a framework into three layers that are piled up vertically: an infrastructure layer, a generic layer, and a domain layer. Because software engineers can replace a part of the framework for restriction on implementation, the framework has high portability. The mechanism view is used to decide which mechanism of whitebox frameworks or blackbox frameworks. By using this guideline, the framework has high maintainability. We applied our approach to the framework development for an industrial monitoring applications. By developing a prototype, we have a prospect of withdrawing the development costs of the framework by five or six times of application deployment. In this application, we estimate several ten times of application deployment. Therefore, it is effective for software engineers to develop a framework based on the three-view model.

关键词： object oriented modeling Application software Maintenance engineering Software maintenance Reliability engineering Q factor Hardware Software quality Information analysis Guidelines

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Experiences in mobile computing: the CBorg mobile multi-agent system

Experiences in mobile computing: the CBorg mobile multi-agen...

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technology of object-oriented languages and systems (tools)

作者： W. Van Belle J. Fabry K. Verelst T. O'Hondt Vrije Universiteit Brussel Programming Technology Lab Brussel Belgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel Faculteit Wetenschappen en Bio-ingenieurswetenschappen Brussel Brussel BE

ISBN: (纸本)0769510957

The paper reports on our experiences in the field of mobile components. In the past 4 years we have developed a mobile component system, which allowed us to experiment with code mobility in distributed systems. These experiments have given us a unique opportunity to study two major issues in mobile component systems. The first issue is how to develop and provide a robust mobile component architecture. The second issue is how to write code in these kinds of systems. The paper discusses our experience in both of the above.

关键词： Mobile computing Multiagent systems Robustness Component architectures Terminology Artificial intelligence Software systems Computational modeling Distributed computing Autonomous agents

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Integration of static and dynamic core for UML: a study in dynamic aspects of the pUML OO meta modelling approach to the rearchitecting of UML

Integration of static and dynamic core for UML: a study in d...

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technology of object-oriented languages and systems (tools)

作者： A. Kleppe J. Warmer Klasse Objecten Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)0769510957

This paper describes an extension of the pUML OO meta modelling approach to the re-architecting of the UML with dynamic aspects. It is based on both the MML (Meta Modeling Language) and the Action Semantics, and shows the feasibility of the definition of the concepts in the Action Semantics using the pUML approach. Four packages are defined that extend the packages of MML: dynamicCore, actions, messaging, and compoundActions. The dynamicCore package defines the concepts Snapshot, SlotBinding and History. A definition of primitive actions, i.e. actions that are atomic, can be found in the actions package. Actions are defined as methods that (may) have an effect on the snapshot of the executing object. The concept compoundAction models the composition of actions into more complex dynamic structures. It includes GroupAction, ConditionalAction, and LoopAction. The messaging package defines actions that exchange messages between objects. It includes Signal, SendAction and ***. These four packages form the core of the rearchitecting of the Action Semantics in terms of the MML.

关键词： Unified modeling language Packaging object oriented modeling Proposals History Collaboration

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