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Exploiting Combined Locality for Wide-Stripe Erasure Coding in Distributed storage 19

Exploiting Combined Locality for Wide-Stripe Erasure Coding ...

引用

19th usenix conference on file and storage technologies (FAST)

作者： Hu, Yuchong Cheng, Liangfeng Yao, Qiaori Lee, Patrick P. C. Wang, Weichun Chen, Wei Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Wuhan Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China HIKVISION Hangzhou Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781939133205

Erasure coding is a low-cost redundancy mechanism for distributed storage systems by storing stripes of data and parity chunks. Wide stripes are recently proposed to suppress the fraction of parity chunks in a stripe to achieve extreme storage savings. However, wide stripes aggravate the repair penalty, while existing repair-efficient approaches for erasure coding cannot effectively address wide stripes. In this paper, we propose combined locality, the first mechanism that systematically addresses the wide-stripe repair problem via the combination of both parity locality and topology locality. We further augment combined locality with efficient encoding and update schemes. Experiments on Amazon EC2 show that combined locality reduces the single-chunk repair time by up to 90.5% compared to locality-based state-of-the-arts, with only a redundancy of as low as 1.063x

关键词： Redundancy

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ZNS+: Advanced zoned namespace interface for supporting in-storage zone compaction 15

ZNS+: Advanced zoned namespace interface for supporting in-s...

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15th usenix Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, OSDI 2021

作者： Han, Kyuhwa Gwak, Hyunho Shin, Dongkun Hwang, Joo-Young Sungkyunkwan University Korea Republic of Samsung Electronics

ISBN: (纸本)9781939133229

the NVMe zoned namespace (ZNS) is emerging as a new storage interface, where the logical address space is divided into fixed-sized zones, and each zone must be written sequentially for flash-memory-friendly access. Owing to the sequential write-only zone scheme of the ZNS, the log-structured file system (LFS) is required to access ZNS solid-state drives (SSDs). Although SSDs can be simplified under the current ZNS interface, its counterpart LFS must bear segment compaction overhead. To resolve the problem, we propose a new LFS-aware ZNS interface, called ZNS+, and its implementation, where the host can offload data copy operations to the SSD to accelerate segment compaction. the ZNS+ also allows each zone to be overwritten with sparse sequential write requests, which enables the LFS to use threaded logging-based block reclamation instead of segment compaction. We also propose two file system techniques for ZNS+-aware LFS. the copyback-aware block allocation considers different copy costs at different copy paths within the SSD. the hybrid segment recycling chooses a proper block reclaiming policy between segment compaction and threaded logging based on their costs. We implemented the ZNS+ SSD at an SSD emulator and a real SSD. the file system performance of the proposed ZNS+ storage system was 1.33–2.91 times better than that of the normal ZNS-based storage system. © 2021 by the usenix Association. All rights reserved.

关键词： Compaction

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A Framework for a Mobile and Web Platform for Barangay Remote Services, Collaboration and Disaster Response with Web Analytics in Mandaluyong City 15

A Framework for a Mobile and Web Platform for Barangay Remot...

引用

15th IEEE International conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment, and Management, HNICEM 2023

作者： Duco, Clarise Annely B. Gipoleo, Jericho N. Remolin, Marc Lorenz G. Monreal, Carl Joshua D. Ramirez, Eliseo Q. College of Computing and Information Technologies National University Manila Philippines

ISBN: (纸本)9798350381177

A growing population, manual document storage and retrieval for citizens can be challenging. this paper focuses to digitize processes and create a structured profiling method that can be accessed by authorized individuals;resident profiles can be easily managed;and new statistics and current information are available in this system called, 'A framework for a mobile and web platform for barangay remote services, collaboration, and disaster response with web analytics in Mandaluyong City'. To manage risk reduction and evaluate user safety in this study, a combined quantitative and qualitative methodology is used. In particular, the Agile Model was used to guide the formal and logical procedures that were taken throughout the development of mobile and web applications. the development the system makes it simpler to request necessary documents and obtain activity updates. Any incident can be handled quickly through the emergency module. With the use of web analytics, the system provides barangay authorities with essential information for making informed decisions and enhancing the community. the system's performance was assessed using the FURP survey, which includes questionnaires covering functionality, reliability, usability, and portability. the survey results showed that for reliability 38.20% rated it very satisfactory. In terms of usability, 39.50% rated it excellent. For functionality, 37.20% found it very satisfactory. In the portability test, where respondents downloaded the APK file, 57.80% rated it excellent. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Emergency services

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CNSBench: A Cloud Native storage Benchmark 19

CNSBench: A Cloud Native Storage Benchmark

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19th usenix conference on file and storage technologies (FAST)

作者： Merenstein, Alex Tarasov, Vasily Anwar, Ali Bhagwat, Deepavali Lee, Julie Rupprecht, Lukas Skourtis, Dimitris Yang, Yang Zadok, Erez SUNY Stony Brook Stony Brook NY 11794 USA IBM Res Almaden San Jose CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781939133205

Modern hybrid cloud infrastructures require software to be easily portable between heterogeneous clusters. Application containerization is a proven technology to provide this portability for the functionalities of an application. However, to ensure performance portability, dependable verification of a cluster's performance under realistic workloads is required. Such verification is usually achieved through benchmarking the target environment and its storage in particular, as I/O is often the slowest component in an application. Alas, existing storage benchmarks are not suitable to generate cloud native workloads as they do not generate any storage control operations (e.g., volume or snapshot creation), cannot easily orchestrate a high number of simultaneously running distinct workloads, and are limited in their ability to dynamically change workload characteristics during a run. In this paper, we present the design and prototype for the first-ever Cloud Native storage Benchmark-CNSBench. CNSBench treats control operations as first-class citizens and allows to easily combine traditional storage benchmark workloads with user-defined control operation workloads. As CNSBench is a cloud native application itself, it natively supports orchestration of different control and I/O workload combinations at scale. We built a prototype of CNSBench for Kubernetes, leveraging several existing containerized storage benchmarks for data and metadata I/O generation. We demonstrate CNSBench's usefulness with case studies of Ceph and OpenEBS, two popular storage providers for Kubernetes, uncovering and analyzing previously unknown performance characteristics.

关键词： Benchmarking

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Behemoth: A Flash-centric Training Accelerator for Extreme-scale DNNs 19

Behemoth: A Flash-centric Training Accelerator for Extreme-s...

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19th usenix conference on file and storage technologies (FAST)

作者： Kim, Shine Jin, Yunho Sohn, Gina Bae, Jonghyun Ham, Tae Jun Lee, Jae W. Seoul Natl Univ Seoul South Korea Samsung Elect Suwon South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781939133205

the explosive expansion of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) model size expedites the need for larger memory capacity. this movement is particularly true for models in natural language processing (NLP), a dominant application of AI along with computer vision. For example, a recent extreme-scale language model GPT-3 from OpenAI has over 175 billion parameters. Furthermore, such a model mostly consists of FC layers with huge dimensions, and thus has a relatively high arithmetic intensity. In that sense, an extreme-scale language model does not suit well to the conventional HBM DRAM-based memory system that lacks capacity and offers extremely high bandwidth. For this reason, we propose to pair the neural network training accelerator with the flash-based memory system instead of the HBM DRAM-based memory system. To design the effective flash-based memory system, we optimize the existing SSD design to improve the SSD bandwidth as well as endurance. Finally, we evaluate our proposed platform, and show that Behemoth achieves 3.65 x cost saving over TPU v3 and 2.05 x training throughput improvement over the accelerator attached to a commercial SSD.

关键词： Dynamic random access storage

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Characterizing and Optimizing Remote Persistent Memory with RDMA and NVM

Characterizing and Optimizing Remote Persistent Memory with ...

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usenix Annual Technical conference / 15th usenix Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI)

作者： Wei, Xingda Xie, Xiating Chen, Rong Chen, Haibo Zang, Binyu Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Inst Parallel & Distributed Syst Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Lab Minist EducEngn Res Ctr Domain Specif Operating Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781939133236

the appealing properties of NVM including high performance, persistence, and byte-addressability, and a recent active thread of building remote memory systems with RDMA, have produced considerable interest in combining them for fast and persistent remote memory systems. However, many prior systems are either based on emulated NVM or have failed to fully exploit NVM characteristics, leading to suboptimal performance. this paper conducts a systematic study to summarize optimization hints that the system designer can use to exploit NVM with RDMA better. Specifically, we demonstrate how system configurations, NVM access patterns, and RDMA-aware optimizations affect the efficacy of RDMA-NVM systems. Based on the summarized hints, we empirically study the design of two existing RDMA-NVM systems, namely a distributed database (DrTM+H) and a distributed file system (Octopus). Both systems are designed when no production NVM is available, and neither of them achieves good performance on it. Our optimized systems achieve up to 2.4X (from 1.2X) better performance.

关键词： file organization

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SpanDB: A Fast, Cost-Effective LSM-tree Based KV Store on Hybrid storage 19

SpanDB: A Fast, Cost-Effective LSM-tree Based KV Store on Hy...

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19th usenix conference on file and storage technologies (FAST)

作者： Chen, Hao Ruan, Chaoyi Li, Cheng Ma, Xiaosong Xu, Yinlong Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei Peoples R China HBKU Qatar Comp Res Inst Hong Kong Peoples R China Anhui Prov Key Lab High Performance Comp Hefei Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781939133205

Key-Value (KV) stores support many crucial applications and services. they perform fast in-memory processing, but are still often limited by I/O performance. the recent emergence of high-speed commodity NVMe SSDs has propelled new KV system designs that take advantage of their ultra-low latency and high bandwidth. Meanwhile, to switch to entirely new data layouts and scale up entire databases to high-end SSDs requires considerable investment. As a compromise, we propose SpanDB, an LSM-tree-based KV store that adapts the popular RocksDB system to utilize selective deployment of high-speed SSDs. SpanDB allows users to host the bulk of their data on cheaper and larger SSDs, while relocating write-ahead logs (WAL) and the top levels of the LSM-tree to a much smaller and faster NVMe SSD. To better utilize this fast disk, SpanDB provides high-speed, parallel WAL writes via SPDK, and enables asynchronous request processing to mitigate inter-thread synchronization overhead and work efficiently with polling-based I/O. Our evaluation shows that SpanDB simultaneously improves RocksDB's throughput by up to 8.8. and reduces its latency by 9.5-58.3%. Compared with KVell, a system designed for high-end SSDs, SpanDB achieves 96-140% of its throughput, with a 2.3-21.6. lower latency, at a cheaper storage configuration.

关键词： Cost effectiveness

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Rethinking file mapping for persistent memory 19

Rethinking file mapping for persistent memory

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19th usenix conference on file and storage technologies, FAST 2021

作者： Neal, Ian Zuo, Gefei Shiple, Eric Khan, Tanvir Ahmed Kwon, Youngjin Peter, Simon Kasikci, Baris University of Michigan United States School of Computing KAIST University of Texas Austin United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781939133205

Persistent main memory (PM) dramatically improves IO performance. We find that this results in file systems on PM spending as much as 70% of the IO path performing file mapping (mapping file offsets to physical locations on storage media) on real workloads. However, even PM-optimized file systems perform file mapping based on decades-old assumptions. It is now critical to revisit file mapping for PM. We explore the design space for PM file mapping by building and evaluating several file-mapping designs, including different data structure, caching, as well as meta-data and block allocation approaches, within the context of a PM-optimized file system. Based on our findings, we design HashFS, a hash-based file mapping approach. HashFS uses a single hash operation for all mapping and allocation operations, bypassing the file system cache, instead prefetching mappings via SIMD parallelism and caching translations explicitly. HashFS’s resulting low latency provides superior performance compared to alternatives. HashFS increases the throughput of YCSB on LevelDB by up to 45% over page-cached extent trees in the state-of-the-art Strata PM-optimized file system. © 2021 by the usenix Association.

关键词： Mapping

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LODIC: Logical Distributed Counting for Scalable file Access

LODIC: Logical Distributed Counting for Scalable File Access

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usenix Annual Technical conference / 15th usenix Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI)

作者： Park, Jeoungahn Hwang, Taeho Choi, Jongmoo Min, Changwoo Won, Youjip Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Daejeon South Korea Hanyang Univ Seoul South Korea Dankook Univ Yongin South Korea Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781939133236

We develop a memory-efficient manycore-scalable distributed reference counter for scalable file access, Logical Distributed Counting (LODIC). In Logical Distributed Counting, we propose to allocate the local counter on a per-process basis. Our process-centric counter design saves the kernel from the excessive memory pressure and the counter query latency issues in the existing per-core based distributed counting schemes. the logical distributed counting is designed to dynamically incorporate the three characteristics for reference counting: i) the population of the object, ii) the reference brevity, and iii) the degree of sharing. the key ingredients of the logical distributed counting are Memory mapping, Counter Embedding, and Process-space based reverse mapping. Via mapping a file region to the process address space, LODIC can allocate the local counter at the process address space. With Counter Embedding, the logical distributed counting defines the local counters without the significant changes in the existing kernel code and without introducing significant memory overhead for the local counters. Exploiting the virtual memory segment allocation algorithm of the existing Linux kernel, the process-space based reverse mapping locates the local counter of the physical page without the substantial overhead. Logical Distributed Counting increases the throughput by 65x against stock Linux in reading the shared file block. LODIC exhibits as good performance as the ideal scalable reference counter when deployed in the RocksDB (key value storage) and NGINX (web server) applications.

关键词： Embeddings

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Pattern-Guided file Compression with User-Experience Enhancement for Log-Structured file System on Mobile Devices

Pattern-Guided File Compression with User-Experience Enhance...

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19th usenix conference on file and storage technologies (FAST)

作者： Ji, Cheng Chang, Li-Pin Pan, Riwei Wu, Chao Gao, Congming Shi, Liang Kuo, Tei-Wei Xue, Chun Jason Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Nanjing Peoples R China Natl Chiao Tung Univ Hsinchu Taiwan Natl Yang Ming Chiao Tung Univ Taipei Taiwan City Univ Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Beijing Peoples R China East China Normal Univ Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781939133205

Mobile applications exhibit unique file access patterns, often involving random accesses of write-mostly files and read-only files. the high write stress of mobile applications significantly impacts on the lifespan of flash-based mobile storage. To reduce write stress and save space without sacrificing user-perceived latency, this study introduces FPC, file access pattern guided compression. FPC is optimized for the random-writes and fragmented-reads of mobile applications. It features dual-mode compression: Foreground compression handles write-mostly files for write stress reduction, while background compression packs random-reading file blocks for boosted read performance. FPC exploits the out-of-place updating design in F2FS, a log-structured file system for mobile devices, for the best effect of the proposed dual-mode compression. Experimental results showed that FPC reduced the volume of total write traffic and executable file size by 26.1% and 23.7% on average, respectively, and improved the application launching time by up to 14.8%.

关键词： Mobile computing

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