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检索条件"任意字段=Proceedings of the 1998 IEE Colloquium on Non-Linear Signal and Image Processing"

共 47 条记录，以下是31-40 订阅

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Acoustic communications: Experimental data collection, image transmission, visualization, and speculation

Acoustic communications: Experimental data collection, image...

引用

proceedings of the 1998 iee colloquium on Underwater Applications of image processing

作者： Dunbar, Robin M. McHugh, Ronald Heriot-Watt Univ Edinburgh United Kingdom

Although optical and electromagnetic wave signaling techniques are useful in some specialized underwater applications, the most common form of information carrier for significant through-water distances is acoustic. To produce a communication system with particular range, depth and signal bandwidth requirements, the designer normally looks for an appropriate model from which to deduce operational details such as carrier frequency, modulation format, transmitter power and receiving array geometry. Experimental data on the validation of mathematical models for a variety of operational details are obtained from the European Experimentally Validated Models for Acoustic Channels project and discussed.

关键词： Underwater acoustics

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Two applications of simple non-linear signal processing

Two applications of simple non-linear signal processing

引用

iee colloquium on non-linear signal and image processing (Ref. No. 1998/284)

作者： M.D. Macleod Signal Processing Group Engineering Department University of Cambridge UK

This paper describes two different applications of nonlinear signal processing. In both cases, computational simplicity was a major goal and a nonlinear approach significantly increased performance. The two applications (PSK demodulation of a noisy signal from sign-only data, and frequency estimation of a single complex tone) are both of practical importance. It is also hoped that these two examples will encourage designers of real systems to investigate non-linear approaches. Finally, the examples may be of interest to theoreticians since in neither case has a full theoretical analysis been completed.

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The Bayesian approach to signal modelling

The Bayesian approach to signal modelling

引用

iee colloquium on non-linear signal and image processing (Ref. No. 1998/284)

作者： W.J. Fitzgerald Signal Processing Group Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge UK

In this paper, an introduction to Bayesian methods in signal processing is given. The paper starts by considering the important issues of model selection and parameter estimation and derives analytic expressions for the model probabilities of two simple models. The idea of marginal estimation of certain model parameters is then introduced and expressions are derived for the marginal probability densities for frequencies in white Gaussian noise and a Bayesian approach to general change point analysis is given. Numerical integration methods are introduced based on Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques and the Gibbs sampler in particular.

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Condition monitoring with non-linear signal processing

Condition monitoring with non-linear signal processing

引用

iee colloquium on non-linear signal and image processing (Ref. No. 1998/284)

作者： N. Arthur J. Penman Department of Engineering University of Aberdeen UK

Condition monitoring plays a vital and indispensable role in the operation of any type of plant or machinery. In general, condition monitoring is achieved by processing and interpreting some characteristic signal from the plant under consideration. Traditionally, only linear second order statistical analysis has been used to process the characteristic signals from plant, however, a new approach to condition monitoring called higher order statistics is becoming increasingly prevalent. A small body of research has been concentrated on using higher order statistical techniques within a condition monitoring environment but the success of this work has been hampered by the lack of generality of the technique. This submission investigates a method of capitalising on the attractive properties of such techniques in an intelligent and simple fashion in the construction of a comprehensive, generalised condition monitoring tool. This is demonstrated by practical investigation of the condition monitoring of an induction machine.

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Advanced PRNN based nonlinear prediction/system identification

Advanced PRNN based nonlinear prediction/system identificati...

引用

iee colloquium on non-linear signal and image processing (Ref. No. 1998/284)

作者： D.P. Mandic J.A. Chambers Signal Processing and Digital Systems Section Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine London UK

Insight into the core of the pipelined recurrent neural network (PRNN) in prediction applications is provided. It is shown that modules of the PRNN contribute to the final predicted value at the output of the PRNN in two ways, namely through the process of nesting, and through the process of learning. A measure of the influence of the output of a distant module to the amplitude at the output of the PRNN is analytically found, and the upper bound for it is derived. Furthermore, an analysis of the influence of the forgetting factor in the cost function of the PRNN to the process of learning is undertaken, and it is found that for the PRNN, the forgetting factor can even exceed unity in order to obtain the best predictor. Simulations on three speech signals support that approach, and outperform the other stochastic gradient based schemes.

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image distortions produced by mean, median and mode filters

Image distortions produced by mean, median and mode filters

引用

iee colloquium on non-linear signal and image processing (Ref. No. 1998/284)

作者： E.R. Davies Machine Vision Group Department of Physics Royal Holloway University of London Egham Surrey UK

Median filters are probably the most widely used of the noise suppression filters that are commonly applied to digital images. They are vastly superior to mean filters since the latter are well known to blur images as well as removing noise. Median filters do not suffer from this disadvantage. Although median filters do not blur images, it has been found that they can cause a certain amount of image distortion by shifting edges (Davies 1997). This paper reviews previous work on the computation of shifts produced by mean, median and mode filters using continuum models. The paper proceeds to show how, in the case of median filters, it can be extended using discrete models to give more accurate predictions that are in line with experimental measurements.

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A nonlinear processing technique for removing coherent interference artefacts

A nonlinear processing technique for removing coherent inter...

引用

iee colloquium on non-linear signal and image processing (Ref. No. 1998/284)

作者： A.J. Healey S. Leeman City University London UK Department of Medical Engineering and Physics KCSMD King''s College UK

Ultrasound pulses propagating through human tissue appear to retain most of their initial coherence, and are coherently scattered from the many inhomogeneities within a tissue. A complex echo field is generated which exhibits many interference effects, the most familiar of these manifests itself as the ubiquitous speckle artefact. Speckle pervades almost all medical ultrasound pulse-echo signals and imposes a fundamental limit on signal and image quality. It is commonly assumed that the removal of speckle will produce a great advantage in a large number of practical applications. The novel approach developed here provides a general descriptive framework for interference effects, and is based on a description of interference by the presence of what we have termed structure zeros in the analytic continuation of the real data into the complex frequency, and complex time domains. The structure zeros may be uniquely identified if the form of the interrogating ultrasound pulse is precisely known. In practice, the latter requirement cannot be satisfied, and the presence of noise introduces a further element of uncertainty, but the structure zeros which make the dominant contribution to signal corruption may be unambiguously identified (via a sensitivity index) when short data segments are considered. Appropriate manipulation of the structure zero locations results in a specific, desired correction to the signal.

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Space-time adaptive processing for manoeuvring airborne radar

Space-time adaptive processing for manoeuvring airborne rada...

引用

iee colloquium on Space-Time Adaptive processing (Ref. No. 1998/241)

作者： P.G. Richardson DERA Malvern UK

Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) methods are appropriate in airborne radar where, due to the platform motion, detection of target signals against a strong clutter background can be a significant problem. STAP has been mainly considered for SLAR (sideways looking airborne radar) where a linear relationship between the angular location and Doppler frequency of the clutter can be exploited to achieve clutter rejection and enhanced signal detectability via two dimensional filtering in the spatial and temporal frequency domains. Appropriate filters can be realised via the sampling of a coherent pulse train with a phased array antenna. non-adaptive filter weight solutions which theoretically achieve full clutter suppression correspond to the well known DPCA (displaced phase centre antenna) technique. STAP offers the advantage over DPCA that the weights are calculated adaptively, leading to robustness to errors and a capability for simultaneous suppression of jamming and clutter. In contrast to SLAR applications, platform manoeuvre effects can be very significant in a forward looking radar. This is especially true of AI (airborne intercept) radar applications where the platform may be performing a steep dive or rolling at a significant rate. This paper demonstrates that STAP is applicable to a forward looking airborne radar operating in conditions that are far more demanding than considered previously.

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Time series of EIT chest images and singular value decomposition

Time series of EIT chest images and singular value decomposi...

引用

proceedings of the 1997 iee colloquium on the Use of Model Based Digital signal processing Techniques in the Analysis of Biomedical signals

作者： Lionheart, W.R.B. McLeod, C.N. Shi, Y. Lottiaux, J.-L. Le Hyaric, A. Oxford Brookes Univ Oxford United Kingdom

The data being analyzed were obtained from an electrical impedance tomography (EIT) comprising 32 independently programmable current sources and 32 voltage measurement channels attached respectively to separate electrodes around the chest of a male volunteer. The 64 (ECG) electrodes separate were equally spaced on the skin in a sagittal plane approximately 2 cms. below the level of the nipples. The reconstruction problem for EIT is non-linear and highly ill-posed.

关键词： image reconstruction

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Fractal features of the digital measurement of length and area

Fractal features of the digital measurement of length and ar...

引用

iee colloquium on Fractals in signal and image processing

作者： D. Rosen Image Processing Group Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London UK

For objects viewed within images composed of an array of square pixels, the precise results of length and area measurements depend on the relative size of objects and pixels. This study concerns the error to be expected in such measurements. Not surprisingly, the log-log relationship between error and relative pixel size, i.e. relative size of the measurement unit, is linear with a non-integer gradient. A relationship of this form has been taken as the signature of a fractal phenomenon. However, such an interpretation of the images in question may not be of significant use in practical applications of quality control conducted by automated visual inspection. In the theoretical and experimental (computer simulation) studies reported here, each pixel has been represented by its centre point, lines have been represented by the sequence of four-connected pixels lying closest to the line and areas by the pixels of which the centres lie within the boundary of the figure being studied. Grey levels have not been used: each pixel is coloured either black or white. Pixels are taken as separated by unit distance and being of unit area. The restriction to one-bit pixel representation and four-connection between neighbouring pixels emphasizes the problems of geometric probability and discrete mathematics. Some small mitigation of the difficulties can be obtained by using multi- (grey) -coloured pixels and eight-connection between them.

关键词： Automatic optical inspection Fractals image processing

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