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检索条件"任意字段=Proceedings of the 1st Symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization"

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visualization with smooth oriented textures and flows: Insights from perception 06

Visualization with smooth oriented textures and flows: Insig...

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3rd symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization, APGV 2006

作者： Ben-Shahar, Ohad Department of Computer Science Ben-Gurion University Israel

ISBN: (纸本)1595934294

Oriented textures and smooth flows are common texture patterns in visualization, non-photorealistic rendering, and graphical depictions of 3D objects. While these patterns have been partially studied in terms of their contribution to the inference of 3D shape, early visual aspects of their perception, and in particular, their segregation and perceptual organization into coherent parts, have been largely ignored. Here we explore the perception of such smoothly varying oriented textures and flow patterns in order to provide several insights and formal constraints to their constructive use in graphics and visualization. First, we challenge the view that salient perceptual singularities between perceptually coherent regions in orientation-defined textures (ODTs) are tightly dependent upon outstanding contrasts (a.k.a. gradients, or discontinuities) in their local orientation. Unfortunately, this widely accepted view has emerged from two decades of psychophysical research into orientation-based texture segregation (OBTS) which focused mostly on piecewise constant ODTs. A more general inquiry, however, into ODTs of smoothly varying orientation, reveals new perceptual phenomena. In particular, as we show here, completely smooth oriented patterns exhibit striking perceptual singularities that often are mistaken for discontinuities, and are neither predictable from orientation contrasts nor are they detectable by popular segmentation algorithms (Fig. 1). In contrast to existing perceptual models, we then show that our previous (differential) geometric analysis of oriented patterns [BenShahar and Zucker 2003] can be extended into a new theory that fully predicts the observed perceptual singularities using a novel computational "perceptual singularities measure" (PSM): PSM(x,y)= ∏κT2+κN2>τ(Ridges[κN(x,y) 2/κT(x,y)2 + κN(x,y) 2]) (1) where κT(x,y) and κN(x,y) are the tangential and normal curvatures of the pattern, Ridges() returns the set of ridge points of its argument functi

关键词： visualization

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perception of Image Motion during Head Movement 06

Perception of Image Motion during Head Movement

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3rd symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization, APGV 2006

作者： Li, Li Adelstein, Bernard D. Ellis, stephen R. Human Systems Integration Division NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA 94035 San Jose State University Foundation San Jose CA 9517 Department of Psychology University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)1595934294

Previous studies have shown that self-motion has an inhibiting effect on concurrent 3D motion perception. To investigate whether self-motion similarly impairs concurrent image motion perception, we examined human perception of head-referenced horizontal image motion during head movement. The displayed stimulus was composed of a checkerboard image in a head mounted display oscillating from side to side at four frequencies (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 Hz) with half peak-to-peak amplitudes ranging from 0° to 5.64. Eight observers rated the magnitude of the checkerboard motion while either rotating their head about a vertical axis (yaw), about a horizontal axis (pitch), or holding it still. For all image oscillation frequencies, perceptual sensitivity to image motion amplitude was reduced during both horizontal and vertical head movements (mean reduction: 0.44 and 0.17, respectively). In contrast, perceptual bias was affected only at 2 Hz (mean shift: -9.9% and -12.2% of the full image motion amplitude for horizontal and vertical head movements, respectively). The results indicate that head movement causes gain reductions in motion magnitude estimation at image oscillation frequencies &le1 Hz. At an oscillation frequency of 2 Hz, head movement produces both a gain reduction and a bias shift. Virtual environment developers could take advantage of such effects by relaxing requirements for image stability as well as motion fidelity during head movement. Copyright © 2006 by the Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.

关键词： Sensory perception

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Presence, rather than prior exposure, is the more strongly indicated factor in the accurate perception of egocentric distances in real world co-located immersive virtual environments 06

Presence, rather than prior exposure, is the more strongly i...

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3rd symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization, APGV 2006

作者： Ries, Brian Interrante, Victoria Anderson, Lee Lindquist, Jason Department of Computer Science University of Minnesota Department of Architecture University of Minnesota

ISBN: (纸本)1595934294

In recent work [4,2], we have discovered that people are able to make surprisingly accurate judgments about egocentric distances in an immersive virtual environment (IVE) in the special case that the IVE represents a high fidelity model of the same physical space that the user is actually occupying, and the user has been able to unambiguously verify this by viewing the real space prior to donning the display upon which the corresponding virtual environment is presented. Through followup experiments in multiple locales, we have verified that the key factor enabling this distance perception accuracy is fact of co-location, rather than any particular characteristics of the physical environment [1]. One possible interpretation of these intriguing results is that observers are better enabled to make accurate judgments of egocentric distance in an IVE when they are when they are cognitively 'immersed' or 'present' in the IVE - i.e. when they readily accept the virtual environment as being 'equivalent' to the real world and are therefore prepared to act in the virtual world in the same way that they act in the real world [3]. However, another interpretation is also possible: it could be that people are able to make accurate judgments of egocentric distances in a virtual environment when they know that it exactly corresponds to a recently viewed real environment because they are able to form a metrically accurate mental model of the spatial structure of the real environment from their brief exposure to it, so that when they are subsequently presented with the virtual environment they simply calibrate their mental model of distances in the IVE to be consistent with their remembered model of the corresponding real environment. In order to disambiguate between the 'presence' hypothesis and the 'spatial memory' hypothesis, we conducted the following study. Using a between-subjects design, we asked observers to make judgments of egocentric distance via blind walking in a real ro

关键词： Sensory perception

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A comparison of immersive HMD, fish tank VR and fish tank with haptics displays for volume visualization 06

A comparison of immersive HMD, fish tank VR and fish tank wi...

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3rd symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization, APGV 2006

作者： Qi, Wen Taylor Ii, Russell M. Healey, Christopher G. Martens, Jean-Bernard Eindhoven University of Technology UNC Chapel Hill North Carolina State University

ISBN: (纸本)1595934294

Although a wide range of virtual reality (VR) systems are in use, there are few guidelines to help system and application developers select the components most appropriate for the domain problem they are investigating. Using the results of an empirical study, we developed such guidelines for the choice of display environment for four specific, but common, volume visualization problems: identification and judgment of the size, shape, density, and connectivity of objects present in a volume. These tasks are derived from questions being asked by collaborators studying Cystic Fibrosis (CF). We compared user performance in three different stereo VR systems: (1) head-mounted display (HMD);(2) fish tank VR (fish tank);and (3) fish tank VR augmented with a haptic device (haptic). HMD participants were placed "inside" the volume and walked within it to explore its structure. Fish tank and haptic participants saw the entire volume on-screen and rotated it to view it from different perspectives. Response time and accuracy were used to measure performance. Results showed that the fish tank and haptic groups were significantly more accurate at judging the shape, density, and connectivity of objects and completed the tasks significantly faster than the HMD group. Although the fish tank group was itself significantly faster than the haptic group, there were no statistical differences in accuracy between the two. Participants classified the HMD system as an "inside-out" display (looking outwards from inside the volume), and the fish tank and haptic systems as "outside-in" displays (looking inwards from outside the volume). Including haptics added an inside-out capability to the fish tank system through the use of touch. We recommend an outside-in system because it offers both overview and context, two visual properties that are important for the volume visualization tasks we studied. In addition, based on the haptic group's opinion (80% positive) that haptic feedback aided comprehe

关键词： Virtual reality

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On the costs and benefits of display format in a video-based observation task 05

On the costs and benefits of display format in a video-based...

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APGV 2005: 2nd symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

作者： Scott-Brown, Kenneth C. Mann, David P. Division of Psychology School of Health and Social Sciences University of Abertay Dundee Bell St Dundee. DD1 1HG United Kingdom

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ISBN: (纸本)1595931392

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Sketch-based perception model for evaluating color segmentations 05

Sketch-based perception model for evaluating color segmentat...

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APGV 2005: 2nd symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

作者： Gavilan, David Takahashi, Hiroki Saito, Suguru Nakajima, Masayuki Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 W8-64 Ookayama Meguro-ku 152-8552 Japan

No abstract available

ISBN: (纸本)1595931392

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Symmetry and complementarity - A discussion and a qualitative demonstration with computer generated infinite patterns of natural scenes 05

Symmetry and complementarity - A discussion and a qualitativ...

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APGV 2005: 2nd symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

作者： Gershoni, Sharon Kobayashi, Hiroyuki Department of Information Science Graduate School of Science and Technology Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan

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ISBN: (纸本)1595931392

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Exploring perceptual equivalence between real and simulated imagery 05

Exploring perceptual equivalence between real and simulated ...

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APGV 2005: 2nd symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

作者： McNamara, Ann M. Parks College of Engineering Aviation and Technology Saint Louis University St. Louis MO 63103 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1595931392

We conducted a new psychophysical experiment which judges the quality of computer graphics imagery with respect to the real scene it depicts. The experimental framework facilitates perceptual judgment of images against a real scene. Unlike previous work, which examined at primitive objects under basic illumination, this new experiment examines complex geometry illuminated using a calibrated light source. Here we present the design and results of the experiment. To ensure valid results, a commercial lighting booth containing rapid prototyped three dimensional objects serves as the real scene. For comparison, a series of representative images, of varying quality, were rendered using the physically based Radiance lighting simulation software. Results from these experiments show that higher parameter settings, which lead to longer processing times, do not necessarily lead to higher quality images. Copyright © 2005 by the Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.

关键词： Image analysis

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Exploitation of human shadow perception for fast shadow rendering 05

Exploitation of human shadow perception for fast shadow rend...

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APGV 2005: 2nd symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

作者： Sattler, Mirko Sarlette, Ralf Mücken, Thomas Klein, Reinhard University of Bonn Institute for Computer Science II Bonn Germany

ISBN: (纸本)1595931392

In this paper we describe an experiment to obtain information about the perceptual potential of the human visual system regarding shadow perception. Shadows play an important part for communicating spatial structures of objects to the observer. They are also essential for the overall realism of the rendered image. Unfortunately, most algorithms in computer graphics which are capable of producing realistic shadows are computationally expensive. The main idea behind the experiment is to use a simplified version of the shadow caster to generate hard and soft shadows, which would rapidly increase performance and to evaluate up to which degree a simplification is possible, without producing noticeable errors. Therefore, an experiment is performed, in which the test persons should mark the point of the just noticeable difference. First results show, that a mesh simplified to only 1% of its original complexity is capable to cast soft shadows that satisfy 90% of the test persons. Copyright © 2005 by the Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.

关键词： Sensory perception

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Space perception and cues to distance in virtual reality 04

Space perception and cues to distance in virtual reality

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proceedings - 1st symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization, APGV 2004

作者： Messing, Ross Durgin, Frank Swarthmore College Department of Psychology United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581139144

The use of space perception and cues to distance in virtual reality (VR) is discussed. The real world viewed through an head mounted displays (HMD) by attaching a video camera to a V8 HMD. It was found that the Teghtsoonians' effect can be replicated in VR using verbal measures, but dose not influence visually directed walking. The results show that despite the shortcomings of HMDs in representing the scale of space, the geometry of visual space revealed in VR otherwise bears a striking resemblance to that found in real environment.

关键词： Virtual reality

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