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distributed Self-Stabilizing MIS with Few States and Weak Communication 23

Distributed Self-Stabilizing MIS with Few States and Weak Co...

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42nd acm SIGACT-SIGOPS symposium on principles of distributed computing (PODC)

作者： Giakkoupis, George Ziccardi, Isabella Univ Rennes Inria CNRS IRISA Rennes France Bocconi Univ Milan Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798400701214

We study a simple random process that computes a maximal independent set (MIS) on a general n-vertex graph. Each vertex has a binary state, black or white, where black indicates inclusion into the MIS. The vertex states are arbitrary initially, and are updated in parallel: In each round, every vertex whose state is "inconsistent" with its neighbors, i.e., it is black and has a black neighbor, or it is white and all neighbors are white, changes its state with probability 1/2. The process stabilizes with probability 1 on any graph, and the resulting set of black vertices is an MIS. We show that the expected stabilization time is O(log n) on certain graph families, such as cliques and graphs of bounded arboricity. Our main result is that the process stabilizes in poly(log n) rounds w.h.p. on G(n,p) random graphs, for 0 <= p <= poly(log n) . n(-1/2) or p >= 1/poly(log n). Further, we propose an extension of this process, with larger but still constant vertex state space, which stabilizes in poly(log n) rounds on G(n,p) w.h.p., for all 1 <= p <= 1. Both processes readily translate into distributed/parallel MIS algorithms, which are self-stabilizing, use constant space (and constant random bits per round), and assume restricted communication as in the beeping or the synchronous stone age models. To the best of our knowledge, no previously known MIS algorithm is self-stabilizing, uses constant space and constant randomness, and stabilizes in poly(log n) rounds on G(n,p) random graphs.

关键词： maximal independent set parallel/distributed algorithms self-stabilizing algorithms beeping model

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Fully Local Succinct distributed Arguments 38

Fully Local Succinct Distributed Arguments

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38th International symposium on distributed computing, DISC 2024

作者： Tshuva, Eden Aldema Oshman, Rotem Tel Aviv University Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9783959773522

distributed certification is a proof system for detecting illegal network states or improper execution of distributed algorithms. A certification scheme consists of a proving algorithm, which assigns a certificate to each node, and a verification algorithm where nodes use these certificates to decide whether to accept or reject. The system must ensure that all nodes accept if and only if the network is in a legal state, adhering to the principles of completeness and soundness. The main goal is to design a scheme where the verification process is local and the certificates are succinct, while using as efficient as possible proving algorithm. In cryptographic proof systems, the soundness requirement is often relaxed to computational soundness, where soundness is guaranteed only against computationally bounded adversaries. Computationally sound proof systems are called arguments. Recently, Aldema Tshuva, Boyle, Cohen, Moran, and Oshman (TCC 2023) showed that succinct distributed arguments can be used to enable any polynomially bounded distributed algorithm to certify its execution with polylogarithmic-length certificates. However, their approach required a global communication phase, adding O(D) communication rounds in networks of diameter D, which limits its applicability to local algorithms. In this work, we give the first construction of a fully local succinct distributed argument system, where the prover and the verifier are both local. We show that a distributed algorithm that runs in R rounds, has polynomial local computation, and messages of B bits each can be compiled into a self-certifying algorithm that runs in R + polylog(n) rounds and sends messages of size B + polylog(n), with certificates of length polylog(n). This construction has several applications, including self-certification for local algorithms, ongoing certification of long-lived algorithms, and efficient local mending of the certificates when the network changes. © Eden Aldema Tshuva and Rotem O

关键词： Polynomial approximation

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distributed MIS in O (log log n) Awake Complexity 23

Distributed MIS in O (log log n) Awake Complexity

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42nd acm SIGACT-SIGOPS symposium on principles of distributed computing (PODC)

作者： Dufoulon, Fabien Moses, William K., Jr. Pandurangan, Gopal Univ Houston Houston TX 77004 USA Univ Durham Durham England

ISBN: (纸本)9798400701214

Maximal Independent Set (MIS) is one of the fundamental and most well-studied problems in distributed graph algorithms. Even after four decades of intensive research, the best known (randomized) MIS algorithms have O (log n) round complexity on general graphs [Luby, STOC 1986] (where n is the number of nodes), while the best known lower bound is Omega(root logn/log logn) [Kuhn, Moscibroda, Wattenhofer, Jacm 2016]. Breaking past the O (log n) round complexity upper bound or showing stronger lower bounds have been longstanding open problems. E nergy is a premium resource in various settings such as batterypowered wireless networks and sensor networks. The bulk of the energy is used by nodes when they are awake, i.e., when they are sending, receiving, and even just listening for messages. On the other hand, when a node is sleeping, it does not perform any communication and thus spends very little energy. Several recent works have addressed the problem of designing energy-efficient distributed algorithms for various fundamental problems. These algorithms operate by minimizing the number of rounds in which any node is awake, also called the (worst-case) awake complexity. An intriguing open question is whether one can design a distributed MIS algorithm that has significantly smaller awake complexity compared to existing algorithms. In particular, the question of obtaining a distributed MIS algorithm with o (log n) awake complexity was left open in [Chatterjee, Gmyr, Pandurangan, PODC 2020]. Our main contribution is to show that MIS can be computed in awake complexity that is exponentially better compared to the best known round complexity of O( log n) and also bypassing its fundamental Omega(root logn/log log n) round complexity lower bound exponentially. Specifically, we show that MIS can be computed by a randomized distributed (Monte Carlo) algorithm in O (log log n) awake complexity with high probability.1 However, this algorithm has a round complexity that is O ( poly

关键词： Maximal Independent Set Sleeping model energy-efficient awake complexity round complexity trade-offs

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Completing the Node-Averaged Complexity Landscape of LCLs on Trees 24

Completing the Node-Averaged Complexity Landscape of LCLs on...

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43rd acm SIGACT-SIGOPS symposium on principles of distributed computing, PODC 2024

作者： Balliu, Alkida Brandt, Sebastian Kuhn, Fabian Olivetti, Dennis Schmid, Gustav Gran Sasso Science Institute L'Aquila Italy Cispa Helmholtz Center for Information Security Saarbrücken Germany University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706684

The node-averaged complexity of a problem captures the number of rounds nodes of a graph have to spend on average to solve the problem in the LOCAL model. A challenging line of research with regards to this new complexity measure is to understand the complexity landscape of locally checkable labelings (LCLs) on families of bounded-degree graphs. Particularly interesting in this context is the family of bounded-degree trees as there, for the worst-case complexity, we know a complete characterization of the possible complexities and structures of LCL problems. A first step for the node-averaged complexity case has been achieved recently [DISC '23], where the authors in particular showed that in bounded-degree trees, there is a large complexity gap: There are no LCL problems with a deterministic node-averaged complexity between ω(log∗n) and no(1). For randomized algorithms, they even showed that the node-averaged complexity is either O(1) or nω(1). In this work we fill in the remaining gaps and give a complete description of the node-averaged complexity landscape of LCLs on bounded-degree trees. Our contributions are threefold.•On bounded-degree trees, there is no LCL with a node-averaged complexity between ω(1) and (log∗n)o(1).•For any constants 0 1 2 ≤ 1 and ϵ > 0, there exists a constant c and an LCL problem with node-averaged complexity between ω((log∗n)c) and O((log∗n)c+ϵ).•For any constants 0 0, there exists an LCL problem with node-averaged complexity Φ(nx) for some x ϵ [α, α + ϵ]. © 2024 Association for computing Machinery. All rights reserved.

关键词： locally checkable labelings node-averaged complexity distributed complexity theory

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Optimal Eventual Byzantine Agreement Protocols with Omission Failures 23

Optimal Eventual Byzantine Agreement Protocols with Omission...

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42nd acm SIGACT-SIGOPS symposium on principles of distributed computing (PODC)

作者： Alpturer, Kaya Halpern, Joseph Y. van der Meyden, Ron Cornell Univ Ithaca NY 14850 USA UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798400701214

Work on optimal protocols for Eventual Byzantine Agreement (EBA)-protocols that, in a precise sense, decide as soon as possible in every run and guarantee that all nonfaulty agents decide on the same value-has focused on full-information protocols (FIPs), where agents repeatedly send messages that completely describe their past observations to every other agent. While it can be shown that, without loss of generality, we can take an optimal protocol to be an FIP, full information exchange is impractical to implement for many applications due to the required message size. We separate protocols into two parts, the information-exchange protocol and the action protocol, so as to be able to examine the effects of more limited information exchange. We then define a notion of optimality with respect to an information-exchange protocol. Roughly speaking, an action protocol P is optimal with respect to an information-exchange protocol epsilon if, with P, agents decide as soon as possible among action protocols that exchange information according to epsilon. We present a knowledge-based EBA program for omission failures all of whose implementations are guaranteed to be correct and are optimal if the information exchange satisfies a certain safety condition. We then construct concrete programs that implement this knowledge-based program in two settings of interest that are shown to satisfy the safety condition. Finally, we show that a small modification of our program results in an FIP that is both optimal and efficiently implementable, settling an open problem posed by Halpern, Moses, and Waarts (SIAM J. Comput., 2001).

关键词： distributed algorithms Epistemic logic Reasoning about knowledge Byzantine Agreement Consensus Fault tolerance

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Visibility Algorithms for Dynamic Dependence Analysis and distributed Coherence 23

Visibility Algorithms for Dynamic Dependence Analysis and Di...

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28th acm SIGPLAN Annual symposium on principles and Practice of Parallel Programming, PPoPP 2023

作者： Bauer, Michael Slaughter, Elliott Treichler, Sean Lee, Wonchan Garland, Michael Aiken, Alex NVIDIA United States SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798400700156

Implicitly parallel programming systems must solve the joint problems of dependence analysis and coherence to ensure apparently-sequential semantics for applications run on distributed memory machines. Solving these problems in the presence of data-dependent control flow and arbitrary aliasing is a challenge that most existing systems eschew by compromising the expressivity of their programming models and/or the performance of their implementations. We demonstrate a general class of solutions to these problems via a reduction to the visibility problem from computer graphics. © 2023 Owner/Author.

关键词： Visibility

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proceedings of the Annual acm symposium on principles of distributed computing

Proceedings of the Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Dis...

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37th acm SIGACT-SIGOPS symposium on principles of distributed computing, PODC 2018

ISBN: (纸本)9781450357951

The proceedings contain 62 papers. The topics discussed include: nesting-safe recoverable linearizability: modular constructions for non-volatile memory;deterministic abortable mutual exclusion with sublogarithmic adaptive RMR complexity;brief announcement: persistent multi-word compare-and-swap;separating lock-freedom from wait-freedom;passing messages while sharing memory;revisionist simulations: a new approach to proving space lower bounds;on the classification of deterministic objects via set agreement power;leveraging indirect signaling for topology inference and fast broadcast;broadcast in radio networks, time vs. energy tradeoffs;round- and message-optimal distributed graph algorithms;improved massively parallel computation algorithms for mismatching, and vertex cover;distributed approximation of minimum k-edge-connected spanning subgraphs;brief announcement: distributed minimum vertex coloring and maximum independent set in chordal graphs;fair leader election for rational agents in asynchronous rings and networks;leader election in well-connected graphs;almost-surely terminating asynchronous byzantine agreement revisited;sublinear message bounds for randomized agreement;tight bounds for asymptotic and approximate consensus;property testing of planarity in the congest model;and locking timestamps versus locking objects.

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Learning Software Engineering principles with Program Wars v.3.0 2024

Learning Software Engineering Principles with Program Wars v...

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55th acm Technical symposium on Computer Science Education, SIGCSE 2024

作者： Tareque, Md. Hasan Anvik, John University of Lethbridge LethbridgeAB Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798400704246

Program Wars is a web-based card game for teaching fundamental concepts of programming and cybersecurity. We propose Program Wars v.3.0, an extension to Program Wars v.2.0, to explore the effectiveness of teaching fundamental software engineering concepts using GBL. In Program Wars v.3.0, a player constructs card decks to complete three 'sprints' based on the specific requirements for the sprint. After playing a fixed number of turns, in which the player builds a pseudo-program, the player's program is tested for requirement completion and either a new sprint begins with additional requirements or the game ends. Program Warsv.3.0 differs from prior work by allowing the user to learn and practice software engineering principles in an engaging manner and within a shorter time frame than traditional methods. © 2024 Owner/Author.

关键词： Iterative methods

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Overcoming Congestion in distributed Coloring 22

Overcoming Congestion in Distributed Coloring

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acm symposium on principles of distributed computing (PODC)

作者： Halldorsson, Magnus M. Nolin, Alexandre Tonoyan, Tigran Reykjavik Univ Reykjavik Iceland Krisp Technol Inc Yerevan Armenia

ISBN: (纸本)9781450392624

We present a new technique to efficiently sample and communicate a large number of elements from a distributed sampling space. When used in the context of a recent Local algorithm for (degree + 1)-list-coloring (D1LC), this allows us to solve D1LC in O(log(5) log n) Congest rounds, and in only O(log* n) rounds when the graph has minimum degree Omega(log(7) n), w.h.p. The technique also has immediate applications in testing some graph properties locally, and for estimating the sparsity/density of local subgraphs in O(1) CONGEST rounds, w.h.p.

关键词： CONGEST model distributed graph coloring pseudorandomness

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A Cryptographic Hardware Engineering Course based on FPGA and Security Analysis Equipment 24

A Cryptographic Hardware Engineering Course based on FPGA an...

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34th Great Lakes symposium on VLSI (GLSVLSI)

作者： Lu, Zhaojun Chen, Qidong Xu, Peng Zhang, Jiliang Qu, Gang HUST Wuhan JinYinHu Lab Sch Cyber Sci & Engn Hubei Key Lab Distributed Syst Secur Wuhan Hubei Peoples R China HUST Sch Cyber Sci & Engn Wuhan Hubei Peoples R China HNU Changsha Coll Integrated Circuits Coll Semicond Changsha Hunan Peoples R China Univ Maryland College Pk MD 20742 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706059

Cryptographic Hardware Engineering (CHE) is an emerging field that amalgamates cryptography principles with hardware design and implementation. It plays an increasingly important role as secure and trustworthy computing and communication is needed in all applications. In order to introduce CHE into undergraduate curriculum to prepare the next generation workforce, students must have a solid theoretical foundation in cryptography, be proficient in digital circuit design, and have access to commercial design tools and equipment. In this paper, we report our experience in developing and teaching a CHE course for junior students. The course consists of three components that are complementary to each other: digital circuits and FPGA design fundamentals, hardware implementation of cryptographic algorithms, and security analysis of cryptographic hardware. Through this course, students get a good comprehension of CHE principles and gain hands-on experience in secure cryptographic hardware design and analysis.

关键词： Cryptographic Hardware Engineering Field Programmable Gate Array Side-Channel Attack Fault Injection Attack

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