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检索条件"任意字段=Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"

共 4917 条记录，以下是51-60 订阅

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Varying Subjective Speed-accuracy Biases to Evaluate the Generalizability of Experimental Conclusions on Pointing-facilitation Techniques 23

Varying Subjective Speed-accuracy Biases to Evaluate the Gen...

引用

chi conference on human factors in computing systems (chi)

作者： Yamanaka, Shota Kinoshita, Taiki Oba, Yosuke Tomihari, Ryuto Miyashita, Homei Yahoo Japan Corp Tokyo Japan Meiji Univ Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394215

In typical experiments to evaluate novel pointing-facilitation techniques, participants are asked to perform a task as rapidly and accurately as possible. However, the balance can differ among participants, and the techniques' effectiveness would change if the majority of participants give weight to either speed or accuracy. We investigated the effects of three subjective biases (emphasizing speed, neutral, and emphasizing accuracy) on the evaluation results of pointing-facilitation techniques, namely Bubble Cursor and Bayesian Touch Criterion (BTC). The results indicate that Bubble Cursor outperformed the baseline in terms of movement time and error rate under all bias conditions, while BTC underperformed a simpler target-prediction technique, which was an inconsistent outcome to the original study. Examining multiple biases enables researchers to discuss the (dis)advantages of novel or existing techniques more precisely, which can be beneficial to reach a more reliable conclusion.

关键词： human motor performance target prediction Fitts' law area cursor

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Longing to be the Mountain: A Scoping Review about Nature-Centric, Health-Minded Technologies 23

Longing to be the Mountain: A Scoping Review about Nature-Ce...

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chi conference on human factors in computing systems (chi)

作者： Spors, Velvet Laato, Samuli Buruk, Oguz 'Oz' Hamari, Juho Tampere Univ Gamificat Grp Tampere Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394215

Engaging with nature enriches people's life greatly, and it is a particularly powerful wellbeing activity. Unsurprisingly, researchers in HCI and beyond seek to augment and extend the relationship people have with nature through technology, to positively enhance their health as a result. In this paper, we report on a scoping review that examines research exploring health, nature, and technology research. By charting 29 papers from the last five years, we produce a situated snapshot of the current research landscape and identify three trends within the paper pool: Despite the potential for rich, experiential engagements, human-nature interaction is often understood as an endeavour that is 1) universal, 2) flattened and 3) disconnected from everyday life. We reflect on our findings to outline design opportunities for human-nature interaction that extend and re-orientate it;to design for multi-dimensional caring experiences that allow for a more-than-just-human understanding of nature.

关键词： scoping review human-nature interaction wellbeing wellness health nature environmentalism ecology climate change sustainability

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Perceptual Pat: A Virtual human Visual System for Iterative Visualization Design 23

Perceptual Pat: A Virtual Human Visual System for Iterative ...

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chi conference on human factors in computing systems (chi)

作者： Shin, Sungbok Hong, Sanghyun Elmqvist, Niklas Univ Maryland College Pk MD 20742 USA Oregon State Univ Corvallis OR USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394215

Designing a visualization is often a process of iterative refinement where the designer improves a chart over time by adding features, improving encodings, and fixing mistakes. However, effective design requires external critique and evaluation. Unfortunately, such critique is not always available on short notice and evaluation can be costly. To address this need, we present Perceptual Pat, an extensible suite of AI and computer vision techniques that forms a virtual human visual system for supporting iterative visualization design. The system analyzes snapshots of a visualization using an extensible set of filters-including gaze maps, text recognition, color analysis, etc-and generates a report summarizing the findings. The web-based Pat Design Lab provides a version tracking system that enables the designer to track improvements over time. We validate Perceptual Pat using a longitudinal qualitative study involving 4 professional visualization designers that used the tool over a few days to design a new visualization.

关键词： Virtual human virtual human visual system simulation machine learning computer vision visualization iterative design

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What is human-Centered about human-Centered AI? A Map of the Research Landscape 23

What is Human-Centered about Human-Centered AI? A Map of the...

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chi conference on human factors in computing systems (chi)

作者： Capel, Tara Brereton, Margot Queensland Univ Technol Brisbane Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394215

The application of Artifcial Intelligence (AI) across a wide range of domains comes with both high expectations of its benefts and dire predictions of misuse. While AI systems have largely been driven by a technology-centered design approach, the potential societal consequences of AI have mobilized both HCI and AI researchers towards researching human-centered artifcial intelligence (HCAI). However, there remains considerable ambiguity about what it means to frame, design and evaluate HCAI. This paper presents a critical review of the large corpus of peer-reviewed literature emerging on HCAI in order to characterize what the community is defning as HCAI. Our review contributes an overview and map of HCAI research based on work that explicitly mentions the terms 'humancentered artifcial intelligence' or 'human-centered machine learning' or their variations, and suggests future challenges and research directions. The map reveals the breadth of research happening in HCAI, established clusters and the emerging areas of Interaction with AI and Ethical AI. The paper contributes a new defnition of HCAI, and calls for greater collaboration between AI and HCI research, and new HCAI constructs.

关键词： human-centered artifcial intelligence human-centered machine learning artifcial intelligence machine learning critical review

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The Intricacies of Social Robots: Secondary Analysis of Fictional Documentaries to Explore the Benefits and Challenges of Robots in Complex Social Setings 23

The Intricacies of Social Robots: Secondary Analysis of Fict...

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chi conference on human factors in computing systems (chi)

作者： Doerrenbaecher, Judith Ringfort-Felner, Ronda Hassenzahl, Marc Univ Siegen Ubiquitous Design Experience & Interact Siegen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394215

In rather than on the intricacies of possible application scenarios. In this paper, we examine eight fictional documentaries about social robots, such as SEYNO, a robot that promotes respect between passengers in trains, or PATO, a robot to watch movies with. Overall, robots were conceptualized either (1) to substitute humans in relationships or (2) to mediate relationships ( human-human-robot-interaction). While the former is basis of many current approaches to social robotics, the latter is less common, but particularly interesting. For instance, the mediation perspective fundamentally impacts the role a robot takes (e.g., role model, black sheep, ally, opponent, moralizer) and thus its potential function and form. From the substitution perspective, robots are expected to mimic human emotions;from the mediation perspective, robots can be positive precisely because they remain objective and are neither emotional nor empathic.

关键词： Social robots design fiction human-robot-interaction sociability otherware

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Augmenting human Cognition with an AI-Mediated Intelligent Visual Feedback 23

Augmenting Human Cognition with an AI-Mediated Intelligent V...

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chi conference on human factors in computing systems (chi)

作者： Xu, Songlin Zhang, Xinyu Univ Calif San Diego San Diego CA 92093 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394215

In this paper, we introduce an AI-mediated framework that can provide intelligent feedback to augment human cognition. Specifically, we leverage deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to provide adaptive time pressure feedback to improve user performance in a math arithmetic task. Time pressure feedback could either improve or deteriorate user performance by regulating user attention and anxiety. Adaptive time pressure feedback controlled by a DRL policy according to users' real-time performance could potentially solve this trade-of problem. However, the DRL training and hyperparameter tuning may require large amounts of data and iterative user studies. Therefore, we propose a dual-DRL framework that trains a regulation DRL agent to regulate user performance by interacting with another simulation DRL agent that mimics user cognition behaviors from an existing dataset. Our user study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the dual-DRL framework in augmenting user performance, in comparison to the baseline group.

关键词： human augmentation human-AI integration cognition regulation time pressure deep reinforcement learning machine learning

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Data Abstraction Elephants: The Initial Diversity of Data Representations and Mental Models 23

Data Abstraction Elephants: The Initial Diversity of Data Re...

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chi conference on human factors in computing systems (chi)

作者： Williams, Katy Bigelow, Alex Isaacs, Katherine Univ Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA Stardog Arlington VA USA SCI Inst Salt Lake City UT USA Kahlert Sch Comp Salt Lake City UT USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394215

Two people looking at the same dataset will create different mental models, prioritize different attributes, and connect with different visualizations. We seek to understand the space of data abstractions associated with mental models and how well people communicate their mental models when sketching. Data abstractions have a profound influence on the visualization design, yet it's unclear how universal they may be when not initially influenced by a representation. We conducted a study about how people create their mental models from a dataset. Rather than presenting tabular data, we presented each participant with one of three datasets in paragraph form, to avoid biasing the data abstraction and mental model. We observed various mental models, data abstractions, and depictions from the same dataset, and how these concepts are influenced by communication and purpose-seeking. Our results have implications for visualization design, especially during the discovery and data collection phase.

关键词： human-centered computing visualization theory data abstractions

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AI Knowledge: Improving AI Delegation through human Enablement 23

AI Knowledge: Improving AI Delegation through Human Enableme...

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chi conference on human factors in computing systems (chi)

作者： Pinski, Marc Adam, Martin Benlian, Alexander Tech Univ Darmstadt Informat Syst & E Serv Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394215

When collaborating with artificial intelligence (AI), humans can often delegate tasks to leverage complementary AI competencies. However, humans often delegate inefficiently. Enabling humans with knowledge about AI can potentially improve inefficient AI delegation. We conducted a between-subjects experiment (two groups, n = 111) to examine how enabling humans with AI knowledge can improve AI delegation in human-AI collaboration. We find that AI knowledge-enabled humans align their delegation decisions more closely with their assessment of how suitable a task is for humans or AI (i.e., task appraisal). We show that delegation decisions closely aligned with task appraisal increase task performance. However, we also find that AI knowledge lowers future intentions to use AI, suggesting that AI knowledge is not strictly positive for human-AI collaboration. Our study contributes to HCI design guidelines with a new perspective on AI features, educating humans regarding general AI functioning and their own (human) performance and biases.

关键词： AI delegation AI literacy AI education AI skill Cognitive appraisal theory

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A human-AI Collaborative Approach for Designing Sound Awareness systems 24

A Human-AI Collaborative Approach for Designing Sound Awaren...

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chi conference on human factors in computing Sytems (chi)

作者： Huang, Jeremy Zhengqi Wood, Reyna Wren Chhabria, Hriday Jain, Dhruv Univ Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798400703300

Current sound recognition systems for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) people identify sound sources or discrete events. However, these systems do not distinguish similar sounding events (e.g., a patient monitor beep vs. a microwave beep). In this paper, we introduce HACS, a novel futuristic approach to designing human-AI sound awareness systems. HACS assigns AI models to identify sounds based on their characteristics (e.g., a beep) and prompts DHH users to use this information and their contextual knowledge (e.g., "I am in a kitchen") to recognize sound events (e.g., a microwave). As a first step for implementing HACS, we articulated a sound taxonomy that classifies sounds based on sound characteristics using insights from a multi-phased research process with people of mixed hearing abilities. We then performed a qualitative (with 9 DHH people) and a quantitative (with a sound recognition model) evaluation. Findings demonstrate the initial promise of HACS for designing accurate and reliable human-AI systems.

关键词： Audition

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Disentangling Fairness Perceptions in Algorithmic Decision-Making: the Effects of Explanations, human Oversight, and Contestability 23

Disentangling Fairness Perceptions in Algorithmic Decision-M...

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chi conference on human factors in computing systems (chi)

作者： Yurrita, Mireia Draws, Tim Balayn, Agathe Murray-Rust, Dave Tintarev, Nava Bozzon, Alessandro Delft Univ Technol Delft Netherlands Maastricht Univ Maastricht Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394215

Recent research claims that information cues and system attributes of algorithmic decision-making processes affect decision subjects' fairness perceptions. However, little is still known about how these factors interact. This paper presents a user study (N = 267) investigating the individual and combined effects of explanations, human oversight, and contestability on informational and procedural fairness perceptions for high- and low-stakes decisions in a loan approval scenario. We find that explanations and contestability contribute to informational and procedural fairness perceptions, respectively, but we find no evidence for an effect of human oversight. Our results further show that both informational and procedural fairness perceptions contribute positively to overall fairness perceptions but we do not find an interaction effect between them. A qualitative analysis exposes tensions between information overload and understanding, human involvement and timely decision-making, and accounting for personal circumstances while maintaining procedural consistency. Our results have important design implications for algorithmic decision-making processes that meet decision subjects' standards of justice.

关键词： explanations human oversight contestability fairness perceptions algorithmic decision-making

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