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22nd annual acm Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, UIST 2009

作者： Hartmann, Björn Morris, Meredith Ringel Benko, Hrvoje Wilson, Andrew D. Stanford University HCI Group Computer Science Dept Stanford CA 94305 United States Microsoft Research One Microsoft Way Redmond WA 98025 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605587455

This note examines the role traditional input devices can play in surface computing. Mice and keyboards can enhance tabletop technologies since they support high fidelity input, facilitate interaction with distant objects, and serve as a proxy for user identity and position. interactive tabletops, in turn, can enhance the functionality of traditional input devices: they provide spatial sensing, augment devices with co-located visual content, and support connections among a plurality of devices. We introduce eight interaction techniques for a table with mice and keyboards, and we discuss the design space of such interactions. Copyright 2009 acm.

关键词： Knobs

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Provoking creative design: Making it scale 22

Provoking creative design: Making it scale

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22nd British HCI Group annual conference on People and computers: Culture, Creativity, Interaction, BCS HCI 2008

作者： Maiden, Neil Jones, Sara Centre for HCI Design City University LondonEC1V 0HB United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781906124069

Creativity is indispensable for more innovative interactive system development. This tutorial is relevant to anyone involved in large projects that are exploiting new technologies or developing new interactive systems and media. The tutorial will familiarize participants with both the need for creativity, and the techniques and tools to bring this about. It will interleave short presentations with group work activities that allow participants to use different techniques for stimulating creativity. No prior knowledge of creativity models or techniques is expected. Over the last 6 years, the presenters have designed and run 14 different creativity workshops in projects developing large-scale interactive systems for major clients. Neil Maiden is Professor of Systems Engineering in the Centre for HCI Design at City University, and Sara Jones is the RCUK academic fellow in creative socio-technical system design. © 2008 The Author Published by the British computer Society.

关键词： Human computer interaction

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Approximate solutions of interactive dynamic influence diagrams using model clustering

Approximate solutions of interactive dynamic influence diagr...

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AAAI-07/IAAI-07 proceedings: 22nd AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and the 19th Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence conference

作者： Zeng, Yifeng Doshi, Prashant Chen, Qiongyu Dept. of Computer Science Aalborg University DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark Dept. of Computer Science University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 Dept. of Computer Science National Univ. of Singapore 117543 Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)1577353234

interactive dynamic influence diagrams (I-DIDs) offer a transparent and semantically clear representation for the sequential decision-making problem over multiple time steps in the presence of other interacting agents. Solving I-DIDs exactly involves knowing the solutions of possible models of the other agents, which increase exponentially with the number of time steps. We present a method of solving I-DIDs approximately by limiting the number of other agents' candidate models at each time step to a constant. We do this by clustering the models and selecting a representative set from the clusters. We discuss the error bound of the approximation technique and demonstrate its empirical performance. Copyright © 2007, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： interactive computer graphics

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Heuristic evaluation functions for general game playing

Heuristic evaluation functions for general game playing

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AAAI-07/IAAI-07 proceedings: 22nd AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and the 19th Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence conference

作者： Clune, James Department of Computer Science University of California Los Angeles

ISBN: (纸本)1577353234

A general game playing program plays games that it has not previously encountered. A game manager program sends the game playing programs a description of a game's rules and objectives in a well-defined game description language. A central challenge in creating effective general game playing programs is that of constructing heuristic evaluation functions from game descriptions. This paper describes a method for constructing evaluation functions that represent exact values of simplified games. The simplified games are abstract models that incorporate the most essential aspects of the original game, namely payoff, control, and termination. Results of applying this method to a sampling of games suggest that heuristic evaluation functions based on our method are both comprehensible and effective. Copyright © 2007, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： interactive computer graphics

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Responding to student affect and efficacy through empathetic companion agents in interactive learning environments 22

Responding to student affect and efficacy through empathetic...

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AAAI-07/IAAI-07 proceedings: 22nd AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and the 19th Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence conference

作者： McQuiggan, Scott W. Department of Computer Science North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27560 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1577353234

Because many students experience frustration during learning, it is important to develop affective strategies to support students' coping with frustration in interactive learning environments. First, we must devise affect recognition models to detect student affect. Second, we need to determine when to intervene;these conditions are likely to be different for each student. To determine how much frustration a student can persist through, we should utilize models of student self-efficacy to predict a student's frustration threshold. Third, we should devise techniques for responding empathetically before the student reaches her threshold of frustration. We propose an approach to support students' coping with frustration in intelligent tutoring systems that utilizes induced models of affect, self-efficacy and empathetic behavior to effectively reason about precisely when and how to intervene in frustration-ridden learning situations. Copyright © 2007, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： interactive computer systems

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Disambiguating noun compounds

Disambiguating noun compounds

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AAAI-07/IAAI-07 proceedings: 22nd AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and the 19th Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence conference

作者： Kim, Su Nam Baldwin, Timothy CSSE University of Melbourne Australia

ISBN: (纸本)1577353234

This paper is concerned with the interaction between word sense disambiguation and the interpretation of noun compounds (NCs) in English. We develop techniques for disambiguating word sense specifically in NCs, and then investigate whether word sense information can aid in the semantic relation interpretation of NCs. To disambiguate word sense, we combine the one sense per collocation heuristic with the grammatical role of polysemous nouns and analysis of word sense combinatorics. We built supervised and unsupervised classifiers for the task and demonstrate that the supervised methods are superior to a number of baselines and also a benchmark state-of-the-art WSD system. Finally, we show that WSD can significantly improve the accuracy of NC interpretation. Copyright © 2007, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： interactive computer systems

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PhotoSlap: A multi-player online game for semantic annotation

PhotoSlap: A multi-player online game for semantic annotatio...

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AAAI-07/IAAI-07 proceedings: 22nd AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and the 19th Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence conference

作者： Ho, Chien-Ju Chang, Tsung-Hsiang Hsu, Jane Yung-Jen Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University

ISBN: (纸本)1577353234

Multimedia content presents special challenges for the search engines, and could benefit from semantic annotation of images. Unfortunately, manual labeling is too tedious and time-consuming for humans, whereas automatic image annotation is too difficult for the computers. In this paper, we explore the power of human computation by designing a multi-player online game, PhotoSlap, to achieve the task of annotating metadata for a collection of digital photos. PhotoSlap engages users in an interactive game that capitalizes on human ability in deciphering quickly whether the same person shows up in two consecutive images presented by the computer. The game mechanism supports the objection and trap actions to encourage truthful input from the players. This research extends human computation research in two aspects: game-theoretic design principles and quantitative evaluation metrics. In particular, PhotoSlap can be shown to reach subgame perfect equilibrium with the target strategy when players are rational and without collusion. Experiments involving four focus groups have been conducted, and the preliminary results demonstrated the game to be fun and effective in annotating people metadata for photo collections. Copyright © 2007, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： computer graphics

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4th workshop on graphical documentation: UML style guidelines

4th workshop on graphical documentation: UML style guideline...

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proceedings of the 22nd annual International conference on Design of Communication - the Engineering of Quality Documentation

作者： Murphy, Steve Tilley, Scott Huang, Shihong Media Design Studio IBM Toronto Software Laboratory Department of Computer Sciences Florida Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science Florida Atlantic University

ISBN: (纸本)1581138091

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the de facto standard for visually representing modern software systems. This workshop will explore UML style guidelines and their effect on the efficacy of UML diagrams in the context of graphical program documentation. This work is part of an ongoing research program focused on assessing system redocumentation techniques. The workshop is a sequel to workshops held at SIGDOC 2001, SIGDOC 2002, and IWPC 2003.

关键词： Program documentation

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Modeling malware spreading dynamics

Modeling malware spreading dynamics

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22nd annual Joint conference on the IEEE computer and Communications Societies

作者： Garetto, Michele Gong, Weibo Towsley, Don Dipartimento di Elettronica Politecnico di Torino Torino 10129 Italy Department of Electrical Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 United States Department of Computer Science University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780377524

In this paper we present analytical techniques that can be used to better understand the behavior of malware, a generic term that refers to all kinds of malicious software programs propagating on the Internet, such as e-mail viruses and worms. We develop a modeling methodology based on interactive Markov Chains that is able to capture many aspects of the problem, especially the impact of the underlying topology on the spreading characteristics of malware. We propose numerical methods to obtain useful bounds and approximations in the case of very large systems, validating our results through simulation. An analytic methodology represents a fundamentally important step in the development of effective countermeasures for future malware activity. Furthermore, we believe our approach can help to understand a wide range of "dynamic interactions on networks", such as routing protocols and peer-to-peer applications.

关键词： computer software

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Modeling stochastic dynamical systems for interactive simulation

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computer graphics FORUM 2001年第3期20卷 C339-C348页

作者： Reissell, LM Pai, DK Univ British Columbia Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9 Canada

We present techniques for constructing approximate stochastic models of complicated dynamical systems for applications in interactive computer graphics. The models are designed to produce realistic interaction at low cost. We describe two kinds of stochastic models: continuous state (ARX) models and discrete state (Markov chains) models. System identification techniques are used for learning the input-output dynamics automatically, from either measurements of a real system or from an accurate simulation. The synthesis of behavior in this manner is several orders of magnitude faster than physical simulation. We demonstrate the techniques with two examples: (1) the dynamics of candle flame in the wind, modeled using data from a real candle and (2) the motion of a falling leaf, modeled using data from a complex simulation. We have implemented an interactive Java program which demonstrates real-time interaction with a realistically behaving simulation of a cartoon candle flame. The user makes the flame animation flicker by blowing into a microphone.

关键词： Stochastic analysis computer graphics

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