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End-to-End Verification of Information-Flow Security for C and Assembly Programs 16

End-to-End Verification of Information-Flow Security for C a...

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37th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Costanzo, David Shao, Zhong Gu, Ronghui Yale Univ New Haven CT 06520 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450342612

Protecting the confidentiality of information manipulated by a computing system is one of the most important challenges facing today's cybersecurity community. A promising step toward conquering this challenge is to formally verify that the end-to-end behavior of the computing system really satisfies various information-flow policies. Unfortunately, because today's system software still consists of both C and assembly programs, the end-to-end verification necessarily requires that we not only prove the security properties of individual components, but also carefully preserve these properties through compilation and cross-language linking. In this paper, we present a novel methodology for formally verifying end-to-end security of a software system that consists of both C and assembly programs. We introduce a general definition of observation function that unifies the concepts of policy specification, state indistinguishability, and whole-execution behaviors. We show how to use different observation functions for different levels of abstraction, and how to link different security proofs across abstraction levels using a special kind of simulation that is guaranteed to preserve state indistinguishability. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our new methodology, we have successfully constructed an end-to-end security proof, fully formalized in the Coq proof assistant, of a nontrivial operating system kernel (running on an extended CompCert x86 assembly machine model). Some parts of the kernel are written in C and some are written in assembly;we verify all of the code, regardless of language.

关键词： Verification Security Reliability languages design Information Flow Control Security Policy Specification Security-Preserving Simulation Program Verification Certified OS Kernels

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Toward Compositional Verification of Interruptible OS Kernels and Device Drivers 16

Toward Compositional Verification of Interruptible OS Kernel...

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37th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Chen, Hao Wu, Xiongnan (Newman) Shao, Zhong Lockerman, Joshua Gu, Ronghui Univ Elect Sci & Technol China UESTC Chengdu Peoples R China Yale Univ New Haven CT 06520 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450342612

An operating system (OS) kernel forms the lowest level of any system software stack. the correctness of the OS kernel is the basis for the correctness of the entire system. Recent efforts have demonstrated the feasibility of building formally verified general-purpose kernels, but it is unclear how to extend their work to verify the functional correctness of device drivers, due to the non-local effects of interrupts. In this paper, we present a novel compositional framework for building certified interruptible OS kernels with device drivers. We provide a general device model that can be instantiated with various hardware devices, and a realistic formal model of interrupts, which can be used to reason about interruptible code. We have realized this framework in the Coq proof assistant. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our new approach, we have successfully extended an existing verified non-interruptible kernel with our framework and turned it into an interruptible kernel with verified device drivers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first verified interruptible operating system with device drivers.

关键词： Verification Reliability Security languages design Program Verification Certified OS Kernels Interrupts Device Drivers Abstraction Layer Modularity

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Classbox/J: Controlling the scope of change in Java

Classbox/J: Controlling the scope of change in Java

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20th conference on Object-Oriented programming, Systems, languages and Applications

作者： Bergel, A Ducasse, S Nierstrasz, O Univ Bern Software Composit Grp Bern Switzerland Univ Savoie Language & Software Evolut Grp LISTIC Chambery France

Unanticipated changes to complex software systems can introduce anomalies such as duplicated code, suboptimal inheritance relationships and a proliferation of run-tirne downcasts. Refactoring to eliminate these anomalies may not be an option, at least in certain stages of software evolution. Classboxes are modules that restrict the visibility of changes to selected clients only, thereby offering more freedom in the way unanticipated changes may be implemented, and thus reducing the need for convoluted design anomalies. In this paper we demonstrate how classboxes can be implemented in statically-typed languages like Java. We also present an extended case study of Swing, a Java GUI package built on top of AWT, and we document the ensuing anomalies that Swing introduces. We show how Classbox/J, a prototype implementation of classboxes for Java, is used to provide a cleaner implementation of Swing using local refinement rather than subclassing.

关键词： language design module package open-classes class extension

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Multiple instances and symbolic variables in executable sequence charts 02

Multiple instances and symbolic variables in executable sequ...

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17th Meeting on Object-Oriented programming, Systems, languages and Applications (OOPSLA 2002)

作者： Marelly, R Harel, D Kugler, H Weizmann Inst Sci Dept Comp Sci & Appl Math IL-76100 Rehovot Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781581134711

We extend live sequence charts (LSCs), a highly expressive variant of sequence diagrams, and provide the extension with an executable semantics. the extension involves support for instances that can bind to multiple objects and symbolic variables that can bind to arbitrary values. the result is a powerful executable language for expressing behavioral requirements on the level of inter-object interaction. the extension is implemented in full in our play-engine tool, with which one can execute the requirements directly without the need to build or synthesize an intra-object system model. It seems that in addition to many advantages in testing and requirements engineering, for some kinds of systems this could lead to the requirements actually serving as the final implementation.

关键词： design languages verification

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A Full-Stack Search Technique for Domain Optimized Deep Learning Accelerators 27

A Full-Stack Search Technique for Domain Optimized Deep Lear...

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27th acm International conference on Architectural Support for programming languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS)

作者： Zhang, Dan Huda, Safeen Songhori, Ebrahim Prabhu, Kartik Quoc Le Goldie, Anna Mirhoseini, Azalia Google Brain Mountain View CA 94043 USA Google Sunnyvale CA USA Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450392051

the rapidly-changing deep learning landscape presents a unique opportunity for building inference accelerators optimized for specific datacenter-scale workloads. We propose Full-stack Accelerator Search Technique (FAST), a hardware accelerator search framework that defines a broad optimization environment covering key design decisions within the hardware-software stack, including hardware data-path, software scheduling, and compiler passes such as operation fusion and tensor padding. In this paper, we analyze bottlenecks in state-of-the-art vision and natural language processing (NLP) models, including EfficientNet [91] and BERT [19], and use FAST to design accelerators capable of addressing these bottlenecks. FAST-generated accelerators optimized for single workloads improve Perf/TDP by 3.7x on average across all benchmarks compared to TPU-v3. AFAST-generated accelerator optimized for serving a suite of workloads improves Perf/TDP by 2.4x on average compared to TPU-v3. Our return on investment analysis shows that FAST-generated accelerators can potentially be practical for moderate-sized datacenter deployments.

关键词： machine learning tensor processing unit hardware-software code-sign design space exploration operation fusion

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Slicing Probabilistic Programs 14

Slicing Probabilistic Programs

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35th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Hur, Chung-Kil Nori, Aditya V. Rajamani, Sriram K. Samuel, Selva Seoul Natl Univ Seoul 151 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781450327848

Probabilistic programs use familiar notation of programming languages to specify probabilistic models. Suppose we are interested in estimating the distribution of the return expression r of a probabilistic program P. We are interested in slicing the probabilistic program P and obtaining a simpler program SLI (P) which retains only those parts of P that are relevant to estimating r, and elides those parts of P that are not relevant to estimating r. We desire that the SLI transformation be both correct and efficient. By correct, we mean that P and SLI (P) have identical estimates on r. By efficient, we mean that estimation over SLI (P) be as fast as possible. We show that the usual notion of program slicing, which traverses control and data dependencies backward from the return expression r, is unsatisfactory for probabilistic programs, since it produces incorrect slices on some programs and sub-optimal ones on others. Our key insight is that in addition to the usual notions of control dependence and data dependence that are used to slice non-probabilistic programs, a new kind of dependence called observe dependence arises naturally due to observe statements in probabilistic programs. We propose a new definition of SLI (P) which is both correct and efficient for probabilistic programs, by including observe dependence in addition to control and data dependences for computing slices. We prove correctness mathematically, and we demonstrate efficiency empirically. We show that by applying the SLI transformation as a pre-pass, we can improve the efficiency of probabilistic inference, not only in our own inference tool R2, but also in other systems for performing inference such as Church and Infer. NET.

关键词： Probabilistic programming Program Slicing Bayesian Reasoning

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Acute: High-level programming language design for distributed computation 05

Acute: High-level programming language design for distribute...

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10th acm sigplan International conference on Functional programming (ICFP)

作者： Sewell, Peter Leifer, James J. Wansbrough, Keith Nardelli, Francesco Zappa Allen-Williams, Mair Habouzit, Pierre Vafeiadis, Viktor Univ Cambridge Cambridge England INRIA Rocquencourt Le Chesnay France

ISBN: (纸本)9781595930644

Existing languages provide good support for typeful programming of stand-alone programs. In a distributed system, however, there may be interaction between multiple instances of many distinct programs, sharing some (but not necessarily all) of their module structure, and with some instances rebuilt with new versions of certain modules as time goes on. In this paper, we discuss programming-language support for such systems, focussing on their typing and naming issues. We describe an experimental language, Acute, which extends an ML core to support distributed development, deployment, and execution, allowing type-safe interaction between separately built programs. the main features are (1) type-safe marshalling of arbitrary values;(2) type names that are generated (freshly and by hashing) to ensure that type equality tests suffice to protect the invariants of abstract types, across the entire distributed system;(3) expression-level names generated to ensure that name equality tests suffice for type safety of associated values, for example, values carried on named channels;(4) controlled dynamic rebinding of marshalled values to local resources;and (5) thunkification of threads and mutexes to support computation mobility. these features are a large part of what is needed for typeful distributed programming. they are a relatively lightweight extension of ML, should be efficiently implementable, and are expressive enough to enable a wide variety of distributed infrastructure layers to be written as simple library code above the byte-string network and persistent store APIs. this disentangles the language run-time from communication intricacies. this paper highlights the main design choices in Acute. It is supported by a full language definition (of typing, compilation, and operational semantics), by a prototype implementation, and by example distribution libraries.

关键词： modules distributed programming programming languages marshalling version control serialisation ML abstract types type theory rebinding

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A Compiler and Run-time System for Network programming languages 12

A Compiler and Run-time System for Network Programming Langu...

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39th Annual acm sigplan-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of programming languages

作者： Monsanto, Christopher Foster, Nate Harrison, Rob Walker, David Princeton Univ Princeton NJ 08544 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450310833

Software-defined networks (SDNs) are a new kind of network architecture in which a controller machine manages a distributed collection of switches by instructing them to install or uninstall packet-forwarding rules and report traffic statistics. the recently formed Open Networking Consortium, whose members include Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Verizon, and others, hopes to use this architecture to transform the way that enterprise and data center networks are implemented. In this paper, we define a high-level, declarative language, called Net Core, for expressing packet-forwarding policies on SDNs. Net-Core is expressive, compositional, and has a formal semantics. To ensure that a majority of packets are processed efficiently on switches instead of on the controller we present new compilation algorithms for Net Core and couple them with a new run-time system that issues rule installation commands and traffic-statistics queries to switches. Together, the compiler and run-time system generate efficient rules whenever possible and outperform the simple, manual techniques commonly used to program SDNs today. In addition, the algorithms we develop are generic, assuming only that the packet-matching capabilities available on switches satisfy some basic algebraic laws. Overall, this paper delivers a new design for a high-level network programming language;an improved set of compiler algorithms;a new run-time system for SDN architectures;the first formal semantics and proofs of correctness in this domain;and an implementation and evaluation that demonstrates the performance benefits over traditional manual techniques.

关键词： Software-defined Networking OpenFlow Frenetic Network programming languages Domain specific languages

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Efficiently compiling a functional language on AMD64: the HiPE experience 05

Efficiently compiling a functional language on AMD64: The Hi...

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PPDP'05 - 7th acm sigplan conference on Principles and Practice of Declarative programming

作者： Luna, Daniel Pettersson, Mikael Sagonas, Konstantinos Department of Information Technology Uppsala University Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)1595930906

We describe and document our experience from developing an AMD64 backend for the HiPE (High Performance Erlang) native code compiler. We consider implementation alternatives and critically examine design choices for obtaining an efficient AMD64 backend. In particular, we consider in detail how other functional language implementors can migrate their existing x86 backends to the AMD64 architecture, a platform which is becoming increasingly important these days. We mention backend components that can be shared between x86 and AMD64, and those that better be different for achieving high performance on AMD64. Finally, we measure the performance of several different alternatives in the hope that this information can save development effort for others who intend to engage in a similar feat. Copyright 2005 acm.

关键词： Program compilers

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Implicitly heterogeneous multi-stage programming 05

Implicitly heterogeneous multi-stage programming

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4th International conference on Generative programming and Component Engineering

作者： Eckhardt, J Kaiabachev, R Pasalic, E Swadi, K Taha, W Rice Univ Houston TX 77005 USA

ISBN: (纸本)3540291385

Previous work on semantics-based multi-stage programming (MSP) language design focused on homogeneous designs, where the generating and the generated languages are the same. Homogeneous designs simply add a hygienic quasi-quotation and evaluation mechanism to a base language. An apparent disadvantage of this approach is that the programmer is bound to both the expressivity and performance characteristics of the base language. this paper proposes a practical means to avoid this by providing specialized translations from subsets of the base language to different target languages. this approach preserves the homogeneous "look" of multi-stage programs, and, more importantly, the static guarantees about the generated code. In addition, compared to an explicitly heterogeneous approach, it promotes reuse of generator source code and systematic exploration of the performance characteristics of the target languages. To illustrate the proposed approach, we design and implement a translation to a subset of C suitable for numerical computation, and show that it preserves static typing. the translation is implemented, and evaluated with several benchmarks. the implementation is available in the online distribution of MetaOCaml.

关键词： Computer programming

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