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Gen: A General-Purpose Probabilistic programming System with Programmable Inference 2019

Gen: A General-Purpose Probabilistic Programming System with...

40th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI) part of acm's Federated Computing Research conference (FCRC)

作者： Cusumano-Towner, Marco F. Saad, Feras A. Lew, Alexander K. Mansinghka, Vikash K. MIT Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450367127

Although probabilistic programming is widely used for some restricted classes of statistical models, existing systems lack the flexibility and efficiency needed for practical use with more challenging models arising in fields like computer vision and robotics. this paper introduces Gen, a generalpurpose probabilistic programming system that achieves modeling flexibility and inference efficiency via several novel language constructs: (i) the generative function interface for encapsulating probabilistic models;(ii) interoperable modeling languages that strike different flexibility/efficiency tradeoffs;(iii) combinators that exploit common patterns of conditional independence;and (iv) an inference library that empowers users to implement efficient inference algorithms at a high level of abstraction. We show that Gen outperforms state-of-the-art probabilistic programming systems, sometimes by multiple orders of magnitude, on diverse problems including object tracking, estimating 3D body pose from a depth image, and inferring the structure of a time series.

关键词： Probabilistic programming Markov chain Monte Carlo sequential Monte Carlo variational inference

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Component-Based Synthesis of Table Consolidation and Transformation Tasks from Examples 2017

Component-Based Synthesis of Table Consolidation and Transfo...

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38th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Feng, Yu Martins, Ruben Van Geffen, Jacob Dillig, Isil Chaudhuri, Swarat Univ Texas Austin Austin TX 78712 USA Rice Univ Houston TX 77251 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450349888

this paper presents a novel component-based synthesis algorithm that marries the power of type-directed search with lightweight SMT-based deduction and partial evaluation. Given a set of components together with their over-approximate first-order specifications, our method first generates a program sketch over a subset of the components and checks its feasibility using an SMT solver. Since a program sketch typically represents many concrete programs, the use of SMT-based deduction greatly increases the scalability of the algorithm. Once a feasible program sketch is found, our algorithm completes the sketch in a bottom-up fashion, using partial evaluation to further increase the power of deduction for rejecting partially-filled program sketches. We apply the proposed synthesis methodology for automating a large class of data preparation tasks that commonly arise in data science. We have evaluated our synthesis algorithm on dozens of data wrangling and consolidation tasks obtained from on-line forums, and we show that our approach can automatically solve a large class of problems encountered by R users.

关键词： Program synthesis programming by example data preparation Component-based synthesis SMT-based deduction

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Defining the Undefinedness of C 15

Defining the Undefinedness of C

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36th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Hathhorn, Chris Ellison, Chucky Rosu, Grigore Univ Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA Univ Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450334686

We present a "negative" semantics of the C11 language-a semantics that does not just give meaning to correct programs, but also rejects undefined programs. We investigate undefined behavior in C and discuss the techniques and special considerations needed for formally specifying it. We have used these techniques to modify and extend a semantics of C into one that captures undefined behavior. the amount of semantic infrastructure and effort required to achieve this was unexpectedly high, in the end nearly doubling the size of the original semantics. From our semantics, we have automatically extracted an undefinedness checker, which we evaluate against other popular analysis tools, using our own test suite in addition to a third-party test suite. Our checker is capable of detecting examples of all 77 categories of core language undefinedness appearing in the C11 standard, more than any other tool we considered. Based on this evaluation, we argue that our work is the most comprehensive and complete semantic treatment of undefined behavior in C, and thus of the C language itself.

关键词： Undefined behavior programming language semantics C11 K Framework

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First-class Runtime Generation of High-performance Types using Exotypes 14

First-class Runtime Generation of High-performance Types usi...

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35th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： DeVito, Zachary Ritchie, Daniel Fisher, Matt Aiken, Alex Hanrahan, Pat Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450327848

We introduce exotypes, user-defined types that combine the flexibility of meta-object protocols in dynamically-typed languages with the performance control of low-level languages. Like objects in dynamic languages, exotypes are defined programmatically at runtime, allowing behavior based on external data such as a database schema. To achieve high performance, we use staged programming to define the behavior of an exotype during a runtime compilation step and implement exotypes in Terra, a low-level staged programming language. We show how exotype constructors compose, and use exotypes to implement high-performance libraries for serialization, dynamic assembly, automatic differentiation, and probabilistic programming. Each exotype achieves expressiveness similar to libraries written in dynamically-typed languages but implements optimizations that exceed the performance of existing libraries written in low-level statically-typed languages. though each implementation is significantly shorter, our serialization library is 11 times faster than Kryo, and our dynamic assembler is 3-20 times faster than Google's Chrome assembler.

关键词： design Performance Lua Staged computation DSL

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Interactive Parser Synthesis by Example 15

Interactive Parser Synthesis by Example

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36th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Leung, Alan Sarracino, John Lerner, Sorin Univ Calif San Diego San Diego CA 92103 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450334686

Despite decades of research on parsing, the construction of parsers remains a painstaking, manual process prone to subtle bugs and pitfalls. We present a programming-by-example framework called Parsify that is able to synthesize a parser from input/output examples. the user does not write a single line of code. To achieve this, Parsify provides: (a) an iterative algorithm for synthesizing and refining a grammar one example at a time, (b) an interface that provides immediate visual feedback in response to changes in the grammar being refined, and (c) a graphical mechanism for specifying example parse trees using only textual selections. We empirically demonstrate the viability of our approach by using Parsify to construct parsers for source code drawn from Verilog, SQL, Apache, and Tiger.

关键词： Algorithms Human Factors languages Parsing programming by Example Program Synthesis

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An Applied Quantum Hoare Logic 2019

An Applied Quantum Hoare Logic

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40th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI) part of acm's Federated Computing Research conference (FCRC)

作者： Zhou, Li Yu, Nengkun Ying, Mingsheng Tsinghua Univ Dept Comp Sci & Technol Beijing Peoples R China Univ Technol Sydney CQSI FEIT Sydney NSW Australia Chinese Acad Sci Inst Software Beijing Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450367127

We derive a variant of quantum Hoare logic (QHL), called applied quantum Hoare logic (aQHL for short), by: (1) restricting QHL to a special class of preconditions and postconditions, namely projections, which can significantly simplify verification of quantum programs and are much more convenient when used in debugging and testing;and (2) adding several rules for reasoning about robustness of quantum programs, i.e. error bounds of outputs. the effectiveness of aQHL is shown by its applications to verify two sophisticated quantum algorithms: HHL (Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd) for solving systems of linear equations and qPCA (quantum Principal Component Analysis).

关键词： Quantum computation programming languages Hoare logic projections robustness

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Program Synthesis from Polymorphic Refinement Types 16

Program Synthesis from Polymorphic Refinement Types

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37th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Polikarpova, Nadia Kuraj, Ivan Solar-Lezama, Armando MIT CSAIL Cambridge MA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450342612

We present a method for synthesizing recursive functions that provably satisfy a given specification in the form of a polymorphic refinement type. We observe that such specifications are particularly suitable for program synthesis for two reasons. First, they offer a unique combination of expressive power and decidability, which enables automatic verification-and hence synthesis-of nontrivial programs. Second, a type-based specification for a program can often be effectively decomposed into independent specifications for its components, causing the synthesizer to consider fewer component combinations and leading to a combinatorial reduction in the size of the search space. At the core of our synthesis procedure is a newalgorithm for refinement type checking, which supports specification decomposition. We have evaluated our prototype implementation on a large set of synthesis problems and found that it exceeds the state of the art in terms of both scalability and usability. the tool was able to synthesize more complex programs than those reported in prior work (several sorting algorithms and operations on balanced search trees), as well as most of the benchmarks tackled by existing synthesizers, often starting from a more concise and intuitive user input.

关键词： languages Verification Program Synthesis Functional programming Refinement Types Predicate Abstraction

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Experience Report: seL4 Formally Verifying a High-Performance Microkernel

Experience Report: seL4 Formally Verifying a High-Performanc...

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14th acm sigplan International conference on Functional programming

作者： Klein, Gerwin Derrin, Philip Elphinstone, Kevin NICTA University of NSW Australia NICTA Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781605583327

We report on our experience using Haskell as an executable specification language in the formal verification of the seL4 microkernel. the verification connects an abstract operational specification in the theorem prover Isabelle/HOL to a C implementation of the microkernel. We describe how this project differs from other efforts, and examine the effect of using Haskell in a large-scale formal verification. the kernel comprises 8,700 lines of C code;the verification more than 150,000 lines of proof script.

关键词： Verification design languages Haskell seL4 microkernel Isabelle/HOL

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A Lightweight Symbolic Virtual Machine for Solver-Aided Host languages 14

A Lightweight Symbolic Virtual Machine for Solver-Aided Host...

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35th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Torlak, Emina Bodik, Rastislav Univ Calif Berkeley Berkeley CA 94608 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450327848

Solver-aided domain-specific languages (SDSLs) are an emerging class of computer-aided programming systems. they ease the construction of programs by using satisfiability solvers to automate tasks such as verification, debugging, synthesis, and non-deterministic execution. But reducing programming tasks to satisfiability problems involves translating programs to logical constraints, which is an engineering challenge even for domain-specific languages. We have previously shown that translation to constraints can be avoided if SDSLs are implemented by (traditional) embedding into a host language that is itself solver-aided. this paper describes how to implement a symbolic virtual machine (SVM) for such a host language. Our symbolic virtual machine is lightweight because it compiles to constraints only a small subset of the host's constructs, while allowing SDSL designers to use the entire language, including constructs for DSL embedding. this lightweight compilation employs a novel symbolic execution technique with two key properties: it produces compact encodings, and it enables concrete evaluation to strip away host constructs that are outside the subset compilable to constraints. Our symbolic virtual machine architecture is at the heart of ROSETTE, a solver-aided language that is host to several new SDSLs.

关键词： design languages Solver-Aided languages Symbolic Virtual Machine

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Once upon a polymorphic type

Conference Record of the Annual ACM Symposium on Principles ...

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conference Record of the Annual acm Symposium on Principles of programming languages 1999年 15-28页

作者： Wansbrough, Keith Jones, Simon Peyton Univ of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom

We present a sound type-based `usage analysis' for a realistic lazy functional language. Accurate information on the usage of program subexpressions in a lazy functional language permits a compiler to perform a number of useful optimizations. However, existing analyses are either ad-hoc and approximate, or defined over restricted languages. Our work extends the Once Upon A Type system of Turner, Mossin, and Wadler (FPCA'95). Firstly, we add type polymorphism, an essential feature of typed functional programming languages. Secondly, we include general Haskell-style user-defined algebraic data types. thirdly, we explain and solve the `poisoning problem', which causes the earlier analysis to yield poor results. Interesting design choices turn up in each of these areas. Our analysis is sound with respect to a Launchbury-style operational semantics, and it is straightforward to implement. Good results have been obtained from a prototype implementation, and we are currently integrating the system into the Glasgow Haskell Compiler.

关键词： Computer programming languages

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