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7th International conference on Functional programming

作者： Flatt, M Univ Utah Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA

Many macro systems, especially for Lisp and Scheme, allow macro transformers to perform general computation. Moreover, the language for implementing compile-time macro transformers is usually the same as the language for implementing run-time functions. As a side effect of this sharing, implementations tend to allow the mingling of compile-time values and rum-time values, as well as values from separate compilations. Such mingling breaks programming tools that must parse code without executing it. Macro implementors avoid harmful mingling by obeying certain macro-definition protocols and by inserting phase-distinguishing annotations into the code. However, the annotations are fragile, the protocols are not enforced, and programmers can only reason about the result in terms of the compiler's implementation. MzScheme-the language of the PLT Scheme tool suite-addresses the problem through a macro system that separates compilation without sacrificing the expressiveness of macros.

关键词： languages design macros modules language tower

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A General Constraint-centric Scheduling Framework for Spatial Architectures

A General Constraint-centric Scheduling Framework for Spatia...

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34th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Nowatzki, Tony Sartin-Tarm, Michael De Carli, Lorenzo Sankaralingam, Karthikeyan Estan, Cristian Robatmili, Behnam Univ Wisconsin Madison WI 53706 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450320146

Specialized execution using spatial architectures provides energy efficient computation, but requires effective algorithms for spatially scheduling the computation. Generally, this has been solved with architecture-specific heuristics, an approach which suffers from poor compiler/architect productivity, lack of insight on optimality, and inhibits migration of techniques between architectures. Our goal is to develop a scheduling framework usable for all spatial architectures. To this end, we expresses spatial scheduling as a constraint satisfaction problem using Integer Linear programming (ILP). We observe that architecture primitives and scheduler responsibilities can be related through five abstractions: placement of computation, routing of data, managing event timing, managing resource utilization, and forming the optimization objectives. We encode these responsibilities as 20 general ILP constraints, which are used to create schedulers for the disparate TRIPS, DySER, and PLUG architectures. Our results show that a general declarative approach using ILP is implementable, practical, and typically matches or outperforms specialized schedulers.

关键词： Spatial Architectures Spatial Architecture Scheduling Integer Linear programming

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Once upon a polymorphic type

Conference Record of the Annual ACM Symposium on Principles ...

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conference Record of the Annual acm Symposium on Principles of programming languages 1999年 15-28页

作者： Wansbrough, Keith Jones, Simon Peyton Univ of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom

We present a sound type-based `usage analysis' for a realistic lazy functional language. Accurate information on the usage of program subexpressions in a lazy functional language permits a compiler to perform a number of useful optimizations. However, existing analyses are either ad-hoc and approximate, or defined over restricted languages. Our work extends the Once Upon A Type system of Turner, Mossin, and Wadler (FPCA'95). Firstly, we add type polymorphism, an essential feature of typed functional programming languages. Secondly, we include general Haskell-style user-defined algebraic data types. thirdly, we explain and solve the `poisoning problem', which causes the earlier analysis to yield poor results. Interesting design choices turn up in each of these areas. Our analysis is sound with respect to a Launchbury-style operational semantics, and it is straightforward to implement. Good results have been obtained from a prototype implementation, and we are currently integrating the system into the Glasgow Haskell Compiler.

关键词： Computer programming languages

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Automated Clustering and Program Repair for Introductory programming Assignments 2018

Automated Clustering and Program Repair for Introductory Pro...

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39th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Gulwani, Sumit Radicek, Ivan Zuleger, Florian Microsoft Corp Redmond WA 98052 USA TU Wien Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781450356985

Providing feedback on programming assignments is a tedious task for the instructor, and even impossible in large Massive Open Online Courses with thousands of students. Previous research has suggested that program repair techniques can be used to generate feedback in programming education. In this paper, we present a novel fully automated program repair algorithm for introductory programming assignments. the key idea of the technique, which enables automation and scalability, is to use the existing correct student solutions to repair the incorrect attempts. We evaluate the approach in two experiments: (I) We evaluate the number, size and quality of the generated repairs on 4,293 incorrect student attempts from an existing MOOC. We find that our approach can repair 97% of student attempts, while 81% of those are small repairs of good quality. (II) We conduct a preliminary user study on performance and repair usefulness in an interactive teaching setting. We obtain promising initial results (the average usefulness grade 3.4 on a scale from 1 to 5), and conclude that our approach can be used in an interactive setting.

关键词： programming education MOOC dynamic analysis program repair clustering

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Dynamic Enforcement of Determinism in a Parallel Scripting language 14

Dynamic Enforcement of Determinism in a Parallel Scripting L...

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35th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Lu, Li Ji, Weixing Scott, Michael L. Univ Rochester Rochester NY 14627 USA Beijing Inst Technol Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450327848

Determinism is an appealing property for parallel programs, as it simplifies understanding, reasoning and debugging. It is particularly appealing in dynamic (scripting) languages, where ease of programming is a dominant design goal. Some existing parallel languages use the type system to enforce determinism statically, but this is not generally practical for dynamic languages. In this paper, we describe how determinism can be obtained-and dynamically enforced/verified-for appropriate extensions to a parallel scripting language. Specifically, we introduce the constructs of Deterministic Parallel Ruby (DPR), together with a run-time system (TARDIS) that verifies properties required for determinism, including correct usage of reductions and commutative operators, and the mutual independence (data-race freedom) of concurrent tasks. Experimental results confirm that DPR can provide scalable performance on multicore machines and that the overhead of TARDIS is low enough for practical testing. In particular, TARDIS significantly outperforms alternative data-race detectors with comparable functionality. We conclude with a discussion of future directions in the dynamic enforcement of determinism.

关键词： design languages Reliability Determinism deterministic parallelism data races scripting language

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A Lightweight Symbolic Virtual Machine for Solver-Aided Host languages 14

A Lightweight Symbolic Virtual Machine for Solver-Aided Host...

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35th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Torlak, Emina Bodik, Rastislav Univ Calif Berkeley Berkeley CA 94608 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450327848

Solver-aided domain-specific languages (SDSLs) are an emerging class of computer-aided programming systems. they ease the construction of programs by using satisfiability solvers to automate tasks such as verification, debugging, synthesis, and non-deterministic execution. But reducing programming tasks to satisfiability problems involves translating programs to logical constraints, which is an engineering challenge even for domain-specific languages. We have previously shown that translation to constraints can be avoided if SDSLs are implemented by (traditional) embedding into a host language that is itself solver-aided. this paper describes how to implement a symbolic virtual machine (SVM) for such a host language. Our symbolic virtual machine is lightweight because it compiles to constraints only a small subset of the host's constructs, while allowing SDSL designers to use the entire language, including constructs for DSL embedding. this lightweight compilation employs a novel symbolic execution technique with two key properties: it produces compact encodings, and it enables concrete evaluation to strip away host constructs that are outside the subset compilable to constraints. Our symbolic virtual machine architecture is at the heart of ROSETTE, a solver-aided language that is host to several new SDSLs.

关键词： design languages Solver-Aided languages Symbolic Virtual Machine

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JavaGI in the Battlefield: Practical Experience with Generalized Interfaces 09

JavaGI in the Battlefield: Practical Experience with General...

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8th International conference on Generative programming and Component Engineering

作者： Wehr, Stefan thiemann, Peter Univ Freiburg D-7800 Freiburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781605584942

Generalized interfaces are an extension of the interface concept found in object-oriented languages such as Java or C#. the extension is inspired by Haskell's type classes. It supports retroactive and type-conditional interface implementations, binary methods, symmetric multimethods, interfaces over families of types, and static interface methods. this article reports practical experience with generalized interfaces as implemented in the JavaGI language. Several real-world case studies demonstrate how generalized interfaces provide solutions to extension and integration problems with components in binary form, how they make certain design patterns redundant, and how they eliminate various run-time errors. In each case study, the use of JavaGI results in elegant and highly readable code. Furthermore, the article discusses the implementation of a compiler and a run-time system for JavaGI. Benchmarks show that our implementation offers acceptable performance.

关键词： design Experimentation languages JavaGI retroactive interface implementation external methods multimethods case studies

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Programmable Semantic Fragments the design and implementation of typy 2016

Programmable Semantic Fragments The Design and Implementatio...

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15th acm International conference on Generative programming - Concepts and Experiences (GPCE)

作者： Omar, Cyrus Aldrich, Jonathan Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450344463

this paper introduces typy, a statically typed programming language embedded by reflection into Python. typy features a fragmentary semantics, i.e. it delegates semantic control over each term, drawn from Python's fixed concrete and abstract syntax, to some contextually relevant user-defined semantic fragment. the delegated fragment programmatically 1) typechecks the term (following a bidirectional protocol);and 2) assigns dynamic meaning to the term by computing a translation to Python. We argue that this design is expressive with examples of fragments that express the static and dynamic semantics of 1) functional records;2) labeled sums (with nested pattern matching a la ML);3) a variation on JavaScript's prototypal object system;and 4) typed foreign interfaces to Python and OpenCL. these semantic structures are, or would need to be, defined primitively in conventionally structured languages. We further argue that this design is compositionally well-behaved. It avoids the expression problem and the problems of grammar composition because the syntax is fixed. Moreover, programs are semantically stable under fragment composition (i.e. defining a new fragment will not change the meaning of existing program components.)

关键词： metaprogramming bidirectional typechecking pattern matching foreign function interfaces

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A Domain-Specific language for Exploratory Data Visualization 2018

A Domain-Specific Language for Exploratory Data Visualizatio...

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17th acm sigplan International conference on Generative programming - Concepts and Experiences (GPCE) part of the SPLASH Collection of conferences and Workshops

作者： Smeltzer, Karl Erwig, Martin Oregon State Univ Corvallis OR 97331 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450360456

With an ever-growing amount of collected data, the importance of visualization as an analysis component is growing in concert. the creation of good visualizations often doesn't happen in one step but is rather an iterative and exploratory process. However, this process is currently not well supported in most of the available visualization tools and systems. Visualization authors are forced to commit prematurely to particular design aspects of their creations, and when exploring potential variant visualizations, they are forced to adopt ad hoc techniques such as copying code snippets or keeping a collection of separate files. We propose variational visualizations as a model supporting open-ended exploration of the design space of information visualization. Together with that model, we present a prototype implementation in the form of a domain-specific language embedded in Purescript.

关键词： Data Visualization Exploratory programming

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FAST: a Transducer-Based language for Tree Manipulation 14

FAST: a Transducer-Based Language for Tree Manipulation

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35th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： D'Antoni, Loris Veanes, Margus Livshits, Benjamin Molnar, David Univ Penn Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450327848

Tree automata and tree transducers are used in a wide range of applications in software engineering, from XML processing to language type-checking. While these formalisms are of immense practical use, they can only model finite alphabets, and since many real-world applications operate over in finite domains such as integers, this is often a limitation. To overcome this problem we augment tree automata and transducers with symbolic alphabets represented as parametric theories. Admitting in finite alphabets makes these models more general and succinct than their classical counterparts. Despite this, we show how the main operations, such as composition and language equivalence, remain computable given a decision procedure for the alphabet theory. We introduce a high-level language called Fast that acts as a front-end for the above formalisms. Fast supports symbolic alphabets through tight integration with state-of-the art satisfiability modulo theory (SMT) solvers. We demonstrate our techniques on practical case studies, covering a wide range of applications.

关键词： Symbolic Tree Transducers FAST

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