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37th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Polikarpova, Nadia Kuraj, Ivan Solar-Lezama, Armando MIT CSAIL Cambridge MA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450342612

We present a method for synthesizing recursive functions that provably satisfy a given specification in the form of a polymorphic refinement type. We observe that such specifications are particularly suitable for program synthesis for two reasons. First, they offer a unique combination of expressive power and decidability, which enables automatic verification-and hence synthesis-of nontrivial programs. Second, a type-based specification for a program can often be effectively decomposed into independent specifications for its components, causing the synthesizer to consider fewer component combinations and leading to a combinatorial reduction in the size of the search space. At the core of our synthesis procedure is a newalgorithm for refinement type checking, which supports specification decomposition. We have evaluated our prototype implementation on a large set of synthesis problems and found that it exceeds the state of the art in terms of both scalability and usability. the tool was able to synthesize more complex programs than those reported in prior work (several sorting algorithms and operations on balanced search trees), as well as most of the benchmarks tackled by existing synthesizers, often starting from a more concise and intuitive user input.

关键词： languages Verification Program Synthesis Functional programming Refinement Types Predicate Abstraction

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A Lightweight Symbolic Virtual Machine for Solver-Aided Host languages 14

A Lightweight Symbolic Virtual Machine for Solver-Aided Host...

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35th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Torlak, Emina Bodik, Rastislav Univ Calif Berkeley Berkeley CA 94608 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450327848

Solver-aided domain-specific languages (SDSLs) are an emerging class of computer-aided programming systems. they ease the construction of programs by using satisfiability solvers to automate tasks such as verification, debugging, synthesis, and non-deterministic execution. But reducing programming tasks to satisfiability problems involves translating programs to logical constraints, which is an engineering challenge even for domain-specific languages. We have previously shown that translation to constraints can be avoided if SDSLs are implemented by (traditional) embedding into a host language that is itself solver-aided. this paper describes how to implement a symbolic virtual machine (SVM) for such a host language. Our symbolic virtual machine is lightweight because it compiles to constraints only a small subset of the host's constructs, while allowing SDSL designers to use the entire language, including constructs for DSL embedding. this lightweight compilation employs a novel symbolic execution technique with two key properties: it produces compact encodings, and it enables concrete evaluation to strip away host constructs that are outside the subset compilable to constraints. Our symbolic virtual machine architecture is at the heart of ROSETTE, a solver-aided language that is host to several new SDSLs.

关键词： design languages Solver-Aided languages Symbolic Virtual Machine

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Experience Report: seL4 Formally Verifying a High-Performance Microkernel

Experience Report: seL4 Formally Verifying a High-Performanc...

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14th acm sigplan International conference on Functional programming

作者： Klein, Gerwin Derrin, Philip Elphinstone, Kevin NICTA University of NSW Australia NICTA Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781605583327

We report on our experience using Haskell as an executable specification language in the formal verification of the seL4 microkernel. the verification connects an abstract operational specification in the theorem prover Isabelle/HOL to a C implementation of the microkernel. We describe how this project differs from other efforts, and examine the effect of using Haskell in a large-scale formal verification. the kernel comprises 8,700 lines of C code;the verification more than 150,000 lines of proof script.

关键词： Verification design languages Haskell seL4 microkernel Isabelle/HOL

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Once upon a polymorphic type

Conference Record of the Annual ACM Symposium on Principles ...

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conference Record of the Annual acm Symposium on Principles of programming languages 1999年 15-28页

作者： Wansbrough, Keith Jones, Simon Peyton Univ of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom

We present a sound type-based `usage analysis' for a realistic lazy functional language. Accurate information on the usage of program subexpressions in a lazy functional language permits a compiler to perform a number of useful optimizations. However, existing analyses are either ad-hoc and approximate, or defined over restricted languages. Our work extends the Once Upon A Type system of Turner, Mossin, and Wadler (FPCA'95). Firstly, we add type polymorphism, an essential feature of typed functional programming languages. Secondly, we include general Haskell-style user-defined algebraic data types. thirdly, we explain and solve the `poisoning problem', which causes the earlier analysis to yield poor results. Interesting design choices turn up in each of these areas. Our analysis is sound with respect to a Launchbury-style operational semantics, and it is straightforward to implement. Good results have been obtained from a prototype implementation, and we are currently integrating the system into the Glasgow Haskell Compiler.

关键词： Computer programming languages

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RaTrace: Simple and Efficient Abstractions for BVH Ray Traversal Algorithms 2017

RaTrace: Simple and Efficient Abstractions for BVH Ray Trave...

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16th acm sigplan International conference on Generative programming - Concepts and Experiences (GPCE) co-located with SPLASH conference

作者： Perard-Gayot, Arsene Weier, Martin Membarth, Richard Slusallek, Philipp Leissa, Roland Hack, Sebastian Saarland Univ Comp Graph Lab Saarbrucken Germany Bonn Rhein Sieg Univ Inst Visual Comp St Augustin Germany DFKI Agents & Simulated Real Saarbrucken Germany Saarland Univ Compiler Design Lab Saarbrucken Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450355247

In order to achieve the highest possible performance, the ray traversal and intersection routines at the core of every high-performance ray tracer are usually hand-coded, heavily optimized, and implemented separately for each hardware platform-even though they share most of their algorithmic core. the results are implementations that heavily mix algorithmic aspects with hardware and implementation details, making the code non-portable and difficult to change and maintain. In this paper, we present a new approach that offers the ability to define in a functional language a set of conceptual, high-level language abstractions that are optimized away by a special compiler in order to maximize performance. Using this abstraction mechanism we separate a generic ray traversal and intersection algorithm from its low-level aspects that are specific to the target hardware. We demonstrate that our code is not only significantly more flexible, simpler to write, and more concise but also that the compiled results perform as well as state-of-the-art implementations on any of the tested CPU and GPU platforms.

关键词： Computer Graphics Ray Tracing Functional programming Domain-Specific languages

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Composable and compilable macros -: You want it when?

Composable and compilable macros -: You want it <i>when</i>?

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7th International conference on Functional programming

作者： Flatt, M Univ Utah Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA

Many macro systems, especially for Lisp and Scheme, allow macro transformers to perform general computation. Moreover, the language for implementing compile-time macro transformers is usually the same as the language for implementing run-time functions. As a side effect of this sharing, implementations tend to allow the mingling of compile-time values and rum-time values, as well as values from separate compilations. Such mingling breaks programming tools that must parse code without executing it. Macro implementors avoid harmful mingling by obeying certain macro-definition protocols and by inserting phase-distinguishing annotations into the code. However, the annotations are fragile, the protocols are not enforced, and programmers can only reason about the result in terms of the compiler's implementation. MzScheme-the language of the PLT Scheme tool suite-addresses the problem through a macro system that separates compilation without sacrificing the expressiveness of macros.

关键词： languages design macros modules language tower

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Dynamic Enforcement of Determinism in a Parallel Scripting language 14

Dynamic Enforcement of Determinism in a Parallel Scripting L...

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35th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Lu, Li Ji, Weixing Scott, Michael L. Univ Rochester Rochester NY 14627 USA Beijing Inst Technol Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450327848

Determinism is an appealing property for parallel programs, as it simplifies understanding, reasoning and debugging. It is particularly appealing in dynamic (scripting) languages, where ease of programming is a dominant design goal. Some existing parallel languages use the type system to enforce determinism statically, but this is not generally practical for dynamic languages. In this paper, we describe how determinism can be obtained-and dynamically enforced/verified-for appropriate extensions to a parallel scripting language. Specifically, we introduce the constructs of Deterministic Parallel Ruby (DPR), together with a run-time system (TARDIS) that verifies properties required for determinism, including correct usage of reductions and commutative operators, and the mutual independence (data-race freedom) of concurrent tasks. Experimental results confirm that DPR can provide scalable performance on multicore machines and that the overhead of TARDIS is low enough for practical testing. In particular, TARDIS significantly outperforms alternative data-race detectors with comparable functionality. We conclude with a discussion of future directions in the dynamic enforcement of determinism.

关键词： design languages Reliability Determinism deterministic parallelism data races scripting language

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A General Constraint-centric Scheduling Framework for Spatial Architectures

A General Constraint-centric Scheduling Framework for Spatia...

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34th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Nowatzki, Tony Sartin-Tarm, Michael De Carli, Lorenzo Sankaralingam, Karthikeyan Estan, Cristian Robatmili, Behnam Univ Wisconsin Madison WI 53706 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450320146

Specialized execution using spatial architectures provides energy efficient computation, but requires effective algorithms for spatially scheduling the computation. Generally, this has been solved with architecture-specific heuristics, an approach which suffers from poor compiler/architect productivity, lack of insight on optimality, and inhibits migration of techniques between architectures. Our goal is to develop a scheduling framework usable for all spatial architectures. To this end, we expresses spatial scheduling as a constraint satisfaction problem using Integer Linear programming (ILP). We observe that architecture primitives and scheduler responsibilities can be related through five abstractions: placement of computation, routing of data, managing event timing, managing resource utilization, and forming the optimization objectives. We encode these responsibilities as 20 general ILP constraints, which are used to create schedulers for the disparate TRIPS, DySER, and PLUG architectures. Our results show that a general declarative approach using ILP is implementable, practical, and typically matches or outperforms specialized schedulers.

关键词： Spatial Architectures Spatial Architecture Scheduling Integer Linear programming

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Automated Clustering and Program Repair for Introductory programming Assignments 2018

Automated Clustering and Program Repair for Introductory Pro...

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39th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Gulwani, Sumit Radicek, Ivan Zuleger, Florian Microsoft Corp Redmond WA 98052 USA TU Wien Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781450356985

Providing feedback on programming assignments is a tedious task for the instructor, and even impossible in large Massive Open Online Courses with thousands of students. Previous research has suggested that program repair techniques can be used to generate feedback in programming education. In this paper, we present a novel fully automated program repair algorithm for introductory programming assignments. the key idea of the technique, which enables automation and scalability, is to use the existing correct student solutions to repair the incorrect attempts. We evaluate the approach in two experiments: (I) We evaluate the number, size and quality of the generated repairs on 4,293 incorrect student attempts from an existing MOOC. We find that our approach can repair 97% of student attempts, while 81% of those are small repairs of good quality. (II) We conduct a preliminary user study on performance and repair usefulness in an interactive teaching setting. We obtain promising initial results (the average usefulness grade 3.4 on a scale from 1 to 5), and conclude that our approach can be used in an interactive setting.

关键词： programming education MOOC dynamic analysis program repair clustering

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Programmable Semantic Fragments the design and implementation of typy 2016

Programmable Semantic Fragments The Design and Implementatio...

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15th acm International conference on Generative programming - Concepts and Experiences (GPCE)

作者： Omar, Cyrus Aldrich, Jonathan Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450344463

this paper introduces typy, a statically typed programming language embedded by reflection into Python. typy features a fragmentary semantics, i.e. it delegates semantic control over each term, drawn from Python's fixed concrete and abstract syntax, to some contextually relevant user-defined semantic fragment. the delegated fragment programmatically 1) typechecks the term (following a bidirectional protocol);and 2) assigns dynamic meaning to the term by computing a translation to Python. We argue that this design is expressive with examples of fragments that express the static and dynamic semantics of 1) functional records;2) labeled sums (with nested pattern matching a la ML);3) a variation on JavaScript's prototypal object system;and 4) typed foreign interfaces to Python and OpenCL. these semantic structures are, or would need to be, defined primitively in conventionally structured languages. We further argue that this design is compositionally well-behaved. It avoids the expression problem and the problems of grammar composition because the syntax is fixed. Moreover, programs are semantically stable under fragment composition (i.e. defining a new fragment will not change the meaning of existing program components.)

关键词： metaprogramming bidirectional typechecking pattern matching foreign function interfaces

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