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iMapReduce: A distributed computing framework for iterative computation

iMapReduce: A distributed computing framework for iterative ...

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25th ieee International parallel and distributed processing symposium, Workshops and Phd Forum, IPDPSW 2011

作者： Zhang, Yanfeng Gao, Qinxin Gao, Lixin Wang, Cuirong Northeastern University China University of Massachusetts Amherst United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543857

Relational data are pervasive in many applications such as data mining or social network analysis. these relational data are typically massive containing at least millions or hundreds of millions of relations. this poses demand for the design of distributed computing frameworks for processing these data on a large cluster. MapReduce is an example of such a framework. However, many relational data based applications typically require parsing the relational data iteratively and need to operate on these data through many iterations. MapReduce lacks built-in support for the iterative process. this paper presents iMapReduce, a framework that supports iterative processing. iMapReduce allows users to specify the iterative operations with map and reduce functions, while supporting the iterative processing automatically without the need of users' involvement. More importantly, iMapReduce significantly improves the performance of iterative algorithms by (1) reducing the overhead of creating a new task in every iteration, (2) eliminating the shuffling of the static data in the shuffle stage of MapReduce, and (3) allowing asynchronous execution of each iteration, i.e., an iteration can start before all tasks of a previous iteration have finished. We implement iMapReduce based on Apache Hadoop, and show that iMapReduce can achieve a factor of 1.2 to 5 speedup over those implemented on MapReduce for well-known iterative algorithms. © 2011 ieee.

关键词： MapReduce

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distributed computer emulation: Using OpenCL framework

Distributed computer emulation: Using OpenCL framework

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9th ieee International symposium on Applied Machine Intelligence and Informatics, SAMI 2011

作者： Jakubčo, Peter Ádám, Norbert Danková, Eva Department of Computers and Informatics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Technical University of Košice Letná 9 042 00 Košice Slovakia

ISBN: (纸本)9781424474301

the idea of distributed computer emulation is presented within this paper. Since classic emulation techniques put the power load on the host CPU only, the new approach tries to distribute the load among other available processors within the host platform. the implementation uses OpenCL framework. this standard allows writing high parallel and portable programs in ISO C99 subset language, runnable on heterogeneous platforms that include variety of CPU, GPU or other processors. the aim is to present key concepts and ideas about the implementation of an emulator imitating any of the Flynn's computers. © 2011 ieee.

关键词： Graphics processing unit

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SSE vectorized and GPU implementations of Arakawa's formula for numerical integration of equations of fluid motion

SSE vectorized and GPU implementations of Arakawa's formula ...

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19th International Euromicro Conference on parallel, distributed and Network-Based processing (PDP)

作者： Yurtesen, Evren Ropo, Matti Aspnas, Mats Westerholm, Jan Abo Akad Univ Dept Informat Technol Joukahainengatan 3-5 FIN-20520 Turku Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543284

the numerical method presented by Arakawa in 1966[3] implements a finite difference scheme of the Jacobian for the solution of the equation of motion for two-dimensional incompressible flows, which diminishes nonlinear computational instability and permits long-term numerical integrations. this paper presents an efficient implementation of Arakawa's formula using vectorized Streaming SIMD Extension (SSE) and Advanced Vector Extension (AVX) instructions. Additionally, we have improved the performance of memory access in the code. Performance measurements show that the vectorized implementation is close to two times more efficient compared to an implementation without SSE. the AVX version will in the near future further improve the vectorized performance with an estimated factor of up to 1.8. Finally we compare our results to an implementation on a general purpose graphics processor (GPGPU) and to auto-vectorization by two compilers.

关键词： Arakawa SSE AVX numerical integration vectorization GPGPU

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Accelerating Parameter Sweep Applications Using CUDA

Accelerating Parameter Sweep Applications Using CUDA

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19th International Euromicro Conference on parallel, distributed and Network-Based processing (PDP)

作者： Motokubota, Masaya Ino, Fumihiko Hagihara, Kenichi Osaka Univ Grad Sch Informat Sci & Technol 1-5 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 5650871 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543284

this paper proposes a parallelization scheme for parameter sweep (PS) applications using the compute unified device architecture (CUDA). Our scheme focuses on PS applications with irregular access patterns, which usually result in lower performance on the GPU. the key idea to resolve this irregularity is to exploit the similarity of data accesses between different parameters. that is, the scheme simultaneously processes multiple parameters instead of a single parameter. this simultaneous sweep allows data accesses to be coalesced into a single access if the irregularity appears similarly at every parameter. It also reduces the amount of off-chip memory access by using fast on-chip memory for the data commonly accessed for multiple parameters. As a result, the scheme achieves up to 4.5 times higher performance than a naive scheme that processes a single parameter by a kernel invocation.

关键词： parameter sweep acceleration GPU CUDA

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Improved Accuracy Evaluation of the NPL-CsF2 Primary Frequency Standard

Improved Accuracy Evaluation of the NPL-CsF2 Primary Frequen...

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5th Joint Conference of the 65th ieee International Frequency Control symposium / 25th European Frequency and Time Forum

作者： Li, Ruoxin Gibble, Kurt Szymaniec, Krzysztof Penn State Univ Dept Phys 104 Davey Lab University Pk PA 16802 USA Natl Phys Lab Time & Frequency Grp Teddington Middx England

ISBN: (纸本)9781612841106

Presented is quantitative evaluation of two leading uncertainties in the NPL-CsF2 fountain frequency standard. the distributed cavity phase shift evaluation is based on recent theoretical model where the cavity field is decomposed into a series of 2D Fourier components in azimuthal angle in the cylindrical cavity. Predictions of the model are reproduced experimentally. the microwave lensing effect is caused by dipole forces originating from radial variation of the microwave field amplitude and cavity apertures. the new evaluation of the two effects together with other recent improvements reduce the total type B uncertainty of NPL-CsF2 to 2.3 x 10(-16)

关键词： 2D Fourier components Accuracy Apertures Atomic clocks Atomic measurements Cavity resonators Microwave imaging NPL-CsF2 fountain frequency standard NPL-CsF2 primary frequency standard Uncertainty azimuthal angle cavity apertures cylindrical cavity dipole forces distributed cavity phase shift evaluation frequency standards improved accuracy evaluation microwave field amplitude microwave lensing effect

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the evaluation of an effective out-of-core run-time system in the context of parallel mesh generation

The evaluation of an effective out-of-core run-time system i...

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25th ieee International parallel and distributed processing symposium, IPDPS 2011

作者： Kot, Andriy Chernikov, Andrey N. Chrisochoides, Nikos P. Computer Science Department College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA United States Computer Science Department Old Dominion University Norfolk VA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543857

We present an out-of-core run-time system that supports effective parallel computation of large irregular and adaptive problems, in particular unstructured mesh generation (PUMG). PUMG is a highly challenging application due to intensive memory accesses, unpredictable communication patterns, and variable and irregular data dependencies reflecting the unstructured spatial connectivity of mesh elements. Our runtime system allows to transform the footprint of parallel applications from wide and shallow into narrow and deep by extending the memory utilization to the out-of-core level. It simplifies and streamlines the development of otherwise highly time consuming out-of-core applications as well as the converting of existing applications. It utilizes disk, network and memory hierarchy to achieve high utilization of computing resources without sacrificing performance with PUMG. the runtime system combines different programming paradigms: multi-threading within the nodes using industrial strength software framework, one-sided active messages among the nodes, and an out-of-core subsystem for managing large datasets. We performed an evaluation on traditional parallel platforms to stress test all layers of the run-time system using three different PUMG methods with significantly varying communication and synchronization patterns. We demonstrated high overlap in computation, communication, and disk I/O which results in good performance when computing large out-of-core problems. the runtime system adds very small overhead (up to 18% on most configurations) when computing in-core which means performance is not compromised. © 2011 ieee.

关键词： Mesh generation

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proceedings - 6th International symposium on parallel Computing in Electrical Engineering, PARELEC 2011

Proceedings - 6th International Symposium on Parallel Comput...

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6th International symposium on parallel Computing in Electrical Engineering, PARELEC 2011

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543970

the proceedings contain 33 papers. the topics discussed include: static average case analysis fork-join framework programs based on MOQA method;parallelizing a coarse grain graph search problem based upon LDPC codes on a supercomputer;an approach towards automation firmware modeling for an exploration and evaluation of efficient parallelization alternatives;communication on the fly for hierarchical systems of chip multi-processors;optimizing heterogeneous 3D networks-on-chip;a dynamic core grouping approach to improve raw architecture many-core processor performance;event-driven scheduling for parallel stream processing;optimal placement of the wind generators in the medium voltage power grid;potential of general purpose graphic processing unit for energy management system;goal-oriented adaptive workload management for irregular applications;and distributed program control flow and behavior governed by global states monitoring.

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Flexible development of dense linear algebra algorithms on massively parallel architectures with DPLASMA

Flexible development of dense linear algebra algorithms on m...

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25th ieee International parallel and distributed processing symposium, Workshops and Phd Forum, IPDPSW 2011

作者： Bosilca, George Bouteiller, Aurelien Danalis, Anthony Faverge, Mathieu Haidar, Azzam Herault, thomas Kurzak, Jakub Langou, Julien Lemarinier, Pierre Ltaief, Hatem Luszczek, Piotr YarKhan, Asim Dongarra, Jack University of Tennessee Innovative Computing Laboratory United States Oak Ridge National Laboratory United States University Paris-XI France University of Colorado Denver United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543857

We present a method for developing dense linear algebra algorithms that seamlessly scales to thousands of cores. It can be done with our project called DPLASMA (distributed PLASMA) that uses a novel generic distributed Direct Acyclic Graph Engine (DAGuE). the engine has been designed for high performance computing and thus it enables scaling of tile algorithms, originating in PLASMA, on large distributed memory systems. the underlying DAGuE framework has many appealing features when considering distributed-memory platforms with heterogeneous multicore nodes: DAG representation that is independent of the problem-size, automatic extraction of the communication from the dependencies, overlapping of communication and computation, task prioritization, and architecture-aware scheduling and management of tasks. the originality of this engine lies in its capacity to translate a sequential code with nested-loops into a concise and synthetic format which can then be interpreted and executed in a distributed environment. We present three common dense linear algebra algorithms from PLASMA (parallel Linear Algebra for Scalable Multi-core Architectures), namely: Cholesky, LU, and QR factorizations, to investigate their data driven expression and execution in a distributed system. We demonstrate through experimental results on the Cray XT5 Kraken system that our DAG-based approach has the potential to achieve sizable fraction of peak performance which is characteristic of the state-of-the-art distributed numerical software on current and emerging architectures. © 2011 ieee.

关键词： Linear systems

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Communication optimizations for distributed-memory X10 programs

Communication optimizations for distributed-memory X10 progr...

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25th ieee International parallel and distributed processing symposium, IPDPS 2011

作者： Barik, Rajkishore Zhao, Jisheng Grove, David Peshansky, Igor Budimlić, Zoran Sarkar, Vivek Intel Corporation Santa Clara CA United States Rice University Houston TX United States IBM T.J Watson Research Center NY United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543857

X10 is a new object-oriented PGAS (Partitioned Global Address Space) programming language with support for distributed asynchronous dynamic parallelism that goes beyond past SPMD message-passing models such as MPI and SPMD PGAS models such as UPC and Co-Array Fortran. the concurrency constructs in X10 make it possible to express complex computation and communication structures with higher productivity than other distributed-memory programming models. However, this productivity often comes at the cost of high performance overhead when the language is used in its full generality. this paper introduces high-level compiler optimizations and transformations to reduce communication and synchronization overheads in distributed-memory implementations of X10 programs. Specifically, we focus on locality optimizations such as scalar replacement and task localization, combined with supporting transformations such as loop distribution, scalar expansion, loop tiling, and loop splitting. We have completed a prototype implementation of these high-level optimizations, and performed a performance evaluation that shows significant improvements in performance, scalability, communication volume and number of tasks. We evaluated the communication optimizations on three platforms: a 128-node Blue Gene/P cluster, a 32-node Nehalem cluster, and a 16-node Power7 cluster. On the Blue Gene/P cluster, we observed a maximum performance improvement of 31.46x relative to the unoptimized case (for the MolDyn benchmark). On the Nehalem cluster, we observed a maximum performance improvement of 3.01x (for the NQueens benchmark) and on the Power7 cluster, we observed a maximum performance improvement of 2.73x (for the MolDyn benchmark). In addition, there was no case in which the optimized code was slower than the unoptimized case. We also believe that the optimizations presented in this paper will be necessary for any high-productivity PGAS language based on modern object-oriented principles, that is

关键词： Energy efficiency

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ISCIII 2011 - 5th International symposium on Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics

ISCIII 2011 - 5th International Symposium on Computational I...

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5th International symposium on Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics, ISCIII 2011

ISBN: (纸本)9781457718601

the proceedings contain 26 papers. the topics discussed include: geometrical approach to similarity representation in pattern recognition for speech-spectral deformation;a novel approach to robust fixed point transformations;unsupervised selection of hmms architectures for handwritten text/word recognition;simulating proactive behaviour in active databases;distributed, mobile, social system for road surface defects detection;on the control of a rotary-linear switched reluctance motor;multirate depth control of an AUV by neural network predictive controller for enhanced situational awareness;joint UKF estimator for fault detection and isolation in heating ventilation and air conditioning systems;linux bonding approach for heterogeneous networks;and casual communication between robots and humans using fuzzy interruption technology on internet.

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